Simple diagnosis using ethanol immersion of strawberry plants with latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum, Dendrophoma obscurans, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae     

Seiju Ishikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(5):249-255

Simple diagnosis by ethanol immersion (SDEI) to detect Glomerella cingulata was used to detect three other fungi that also cause latent infection of strawberry plants. Signs on strawberry leaves with asymptomatic latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum became visible using SDEI. Salmon-pink conidial masses were produced in the acervuli on the treated leaves 5 days after incubation at 28°C. In the case of Dendrophoma obscurans, pycnidia with amber conidial masses formed 5 days after incubation at 28°C. The pycnidia were observed mainly on the ribs, and conidial masses exuded from the ostiole. These macroscopic conidial masses were similar to those of G. cingulata and C. acutatum. When water was dripped onto a lesion caused by D. obscurans, the pycnidia exuded white filamentous conidial masses, making the distinction of D. obscurans from G. cingulata or C. acutatum. On petioles with latent infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, white aerial hyphae grew out from the vascular tissues on the cut surface 3 days after incubation at 28°C and were easily observed by eye or with a loupe. Thus, SDEI was also useful for diagnosing latent infection of strawberry plants by C. acutatum, D. obscurans, and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.  相似文献   

乙醇、乙二醇二甲醚与柴油混合燃料排放特性研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

郑利  郭和军 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2006,33(2):50-52,55

提出了将乙二醇二甲醚作为乙醇柴油燃料的一种组成成分,利用乙二醇二甲醚好的发火性来改善乙醇柴油燃料差的发火性。试验表明乙二醇二甲醚与乙醇、柴油互溶,具有较好的稳定性。对三种比例混合燃料测试了柴油机在主要工况下的性能与排放特性,得出乙二醇二甲醚加入量以E20为最佳,此时,烟度降低了约80%,NOx略有增加,燃油消耗率略有下降。此外考察了随着十六烷值的变化对混合燃料的排放特性的影响,得出随着十六烷值的增加,NOx排放逐渐增加,对烟度和经济性存在一个最佳值。  相似文献   

Influence of storage and drying methods on invertebrate elemental and isotopic measurements     

Orpheus M. Butler  Mehran Rezaei Rashti 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(18):2231-2237

Optimised pre-analytical methods for measuring the chemical properties of soil macro-organisms are needed. We tested the effects of ethanol immersion, freezer storage, and drying method on the reliability of estimates of key stoichiometric elements (carbon [C], nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]) and abundances of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in samples of crickets (Acheta domestica), cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) and mealworms (larval Tenebrio molitor). Ethanol immersion tended to increase A. domestica C and N, and reduced A. domestica P, relative to the reference treatment (deep freezing and oven drying). For N and P these effects were only present after 28-day ethanol immersion. Nauphoeta cinerea and T. molitor samples were generally unaffected by storage treatments, while δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were not affected by any storage treatment for any species. Thus, five days of ethanol immersion may be acceptable prior to elemental and stoichiometric analyses of hard-bodied soil invertebrates in comparative studies.  相似文献   

Effects of organic solvents on denitrification in soil     

J. C. Yeomans  J. M. Bremner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(4):336-340

Summary Although organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol have been shown to act as energy sources for denitrifying microorganisms, no studies on the influence of organic solvents on denitrification in soil have been reported. Organic solvents have been used as an aid in the application of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals to soil, in studying the effects of these chemicals on denitrification in soil. During these applications, the soil is often aerated or heated to remove the solvent while leaving the chemical in the soil. The work reported here shows that treating soils with methanol, ethanol, or acetone had a very marked effect on their denitrifying ability, even when the soils were aerated thoroughly or heated at 50°C to remove these solvents. This indicates either that it is not possible to effect complete removal of organic solvents from soils by aeration or heating or that organic solvents promote denitrification by solubilizing a fraction of soil organic matter that is not available to denitrifying microorganisms before the addition of these solvents. Experiments using phenylmercuric acetate (a herbicide and nitrification inhibitor) showed that although this compound had a marked inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in methanol, ethanol, or acetone, it had no inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in water. The work reported shows that the use of an organic solvent in adding an agricultural chemical to soil can lead to erroneous conclusions in studies on the effects of the chemical on soil denitrification.  相似文献   

连翘果实多酚提取及其复合涂膜保鲜剂在葡萄保鲜中的应用     

张晓虎  李倩  魏夏夏  刘庚玫  何勇 《中国农学通报》2020,36(4):135-141

为解决植物源防腐保鲜成分用于食品保鲜问题,以连翘果实为研究对象,采用恒温磁力搅拌水浴辅助乙醇浸提连翘果实多酚类物质,优化提取工艺使用L₉(3 ⁴)正交实验进行设计;将连翘多酚、植酸、氯化钙和柠檬酸与壳聚糖结合,对葡萄进行涂膜处理,研究其在常温贮藏条件下的保鲜效果。结果表明,在优化提取条件为料液比1:10、乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度60℃、提取时间2.5 h,连翘果实多酚的提取率可达7.21%;2%连翘多酚、1%氯化钙、0.15%植酸、2%柠檬酸与1%壳聚糖制成的保鲜剂,在葡萄贮藏中有一定防腐保鲜作用。研究结果可作为连翘果实多酚提取物用于果蔬类食品防腐保鲜的技术参考。  相似文献   

Acetaldehyde emission from glued–laminated timber using phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde resin adhesives with addition of ethanol     

Shin-ichiro Tohmura  Kohta Miyamoto  Akio Inoue 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):421-423

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苇蘑子实体提取物的抗辐射作用及抗氧化活性     

李春霞  杨红澎  黄亮  班立桐  孙宁  王玉  赵振倩 《食用菌学报》2019,(2):83-87

以酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)细胞经紫外辐射和过氧化氢溶液处理后的存活率为指标,考察苇蘑(Hygrophoropsis sp.)子实体提取物的抗辐射和抗氧化能力。结果表明:在紫外辐射120 s的条件下,苇蘑子实体乙醇提取物添加量为4%时,酿酒酵母细胞的存活率可达54.1%,添加4%苇蘑子实体水提取物后,酿酒酵母细胞存活率为43.9%;对照组(不添加苇蘑子实体提取物)的存活率为4.6%;在140 mmol/L过氧化氢溶液处理下,苇蘑子实体水提取物浓度在0.5%~2.5%时,酿酒酵母细胞存活率从11.4%增加到47.4%;而苇蘑子实体水提取物浓度超过2.5%时,细胞存活率反而降低。在相同的过氧化氢处理时间下,添加1%苇蘑子实体提取物后,酿酒酵母细胞的存活率均显著高于对照组。  相似文献   

一株产乙醇嗜热厌氧油藏微生物Thermoanaerobacter sp DF3的性质研究     

兰贵红  邢钰  曹毅  乔代蓉  邹长军  邓宇  张辉  尹小波 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(19):11363-11365

[目的]了解油藏微生物Thermoanoerobacter sp DF3的生理生化特性,优化木糖产乙醇培养方案。[方法]利用厌氧分离技术从大港油田油层采出液中分离到一株产乙醇厌氧杆菌DF3。采用生理生化鉴定与16SrDNA序列的系统发育学分析其系统发育地位。用气相色谱分析其代谢产物。[结果]菌株DF3是一株严格厌氧的嗜热细菌,呈直杆状,G^-,菌体大小为O．42μm×（1．60～5．20）μm,单生、成对或成串生长,产顶端芽孢;生长温度为45～78℃（最适65℃）,能利用葡萄糖、木糖、果糖、核糖、甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、蔗糖、半乳糖、乳糖、纤维二糖、松三糖、棉子糖、淀粉等作为底物;其16SrRNA与zpseudoethanolicus相似性为99．7％。发酵葡萄糖与木糖的主要产物为乙醇,培养方案优化后其代谢木糖产乙醇终浓度为2．og／L。[结论]通过试验证明菌株DF3是目前已知菌株中产乙醇活性较强的茵株之一,在65℃时代谢木糖能产生2．Og／L的乙醇。目前代谢木糖高产乙醇的茵株均由国外分离获得,菌株DF3的分离获得为我国研究木质纤维素产乙醇提供了优良的出发菌株。  相似文献   

乙醇发酵分离耦合过程中负压对酵母代谢的影响     

谢慧  刘杰  王风芹  杜风光  宋安东 《江西农业学报》2012,24(1):98-101

研究了负压对酵母繁殖力、酵母形态、发酵性能、发酵副产物等的影响,结果表明:通过平板和显微镜观察,发现负压对酵母的繁殖力和形态有一定的影响;抽样的最大乙醇浓度、乙醇生产力比对照高;抽压过程中有一部分糖被消耗转化为菌体的维持能;并根据发酵结果,对菌体生长、糖消耗、CO2生成、乙醇生成进行了曲线拟合。  相似文献   

核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭瑜  郝慧娟  王晓闻  任志远 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(3):262-265

为明确核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性,测定核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2和O2-·的清除率及总抗氧化能力。核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有清除DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的能力,且具有一定的还原能力;当样品浓度为2mg·mL-1时,核桃壳乙醇提取物对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为84.91%、22.98%、33.54%、80.36%,还原力为1.971;其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为93.42%、49.89%、47.58%、90.64%,还原力为0.998。在试验浓度范围内抗氧化能力与提取物浓度呈正相关,核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有体外抗氧化活性。  相似文献