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Dionne RM Vrins A Doucet MY Paré J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):218-222
This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of gastric ulcers in Standardbred racehorses, to describe the lesion score and location, and to identify potential risk factors. Two hundred seventy-five (275) Standardbred horses from 5 training centers and 2 racetracks in Quebec, Canada, were studied. Historical data for the 2 months before examination were recorded for each horse, and the presence of gastric ulcers was determined by gastroscopy. A previously reported scoring system that used grades 0-3 for gastric lesions was used. Overall, 121 horses (44.0%; 95% CI, 38.1-50.1%) had gastric ulcers. The prevalence of gastric ulcers was significantly higher (P < .0001) in actively racing horses (63.3%; 95% CI, 54.7-71.2%) than in horses at rest. Multivariate analysis defined that horses in racing (OR = 9.29; 95% CI, 3.55-24.3) were significantly more likely to have gastric ulcers than horses at rest and that trotters (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.28-3.86) were more likely to have gastric ulcers than pacers. The number of lesion sites (P < .0001) and poor body condition (P < .0001) were significantly associated with lesion scores. Gastric ulcers are highly prevalent in Standardbred racehorses. Furthermore, actively racing horses and trotters are more likely to have gastric ulcers. Also, poor body condition in Standardbred racehorses may be an indication that gastric ulcers are present and that lesion scores are high. The cause-and-effect relationship between poor body condition and the presence of gastric ulcers is unclear. 相似文献
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The DMRT3 gene is described as the main gene involved in the determination of gait phenotypes in horses, and the allele A of the 22999655C>A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has been reported as a causal variant of this trait. In the Mangalarga Marchador breed, which exhibits two gait patterns with well-defined characteristics, genotypes AA and CA are associated with marcha picada and genotype CC with marcha batida. In this breed, allele A of the DMRT3 gene is only related to the marcha picada gait. The objective of this study was to identify the type of control of the marcha batida gait and to investigate SNPs and genomic regions responsible for this phenotype in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Forty-eight horses belonging to the two gait groups, marcha picada with AA and CA genotypes of the 22999655C>A SNP (n = 20) and marcha batida with CC genotype (n = 28), were analyzed using the Equine SNP70 BeadChip. The genome-wide association study result shows for the first time that, in contrast to the marcha picada gait phenotype that is apparently determined by a single gene (DMRT3) in which allele A of variant g.22999655C>A controls the trait, the marcha batida gait is controlled by a larger number of genes. Because of the small number of animals used in the two groups compared, the genomic regions associated with smaller effects on the marcha batida gait could not be identified. 相似文献
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Saddle–horse interaction is increasingly linked with back pain, performance, and welfare issues. Saddle fit and work quality influence alterations in back shape with exercise at thoracic vertebra 13 level (T13) with exercise. The objectives of experiments were to: determine a repeatable zone and stride point of peak pressure under saddles fitted to industry guidelines; compare peak pressure in this zone and limb kinematics in collected trot between horses own saddles (S) and a saddle designed to reduce pressure at T10–T13 (F); compare thoracolumbar width change after exercise between S and F and with F after 3 months use. Elite dressage (n = 13) horses/riders with no lameness/performance problem had pressure mat data acquired under S, fitted by four qualified saddle fitters, to determine zones of peak pressure. Pressure mat data at T10–T13, forelimb/hindlimb protraction, and carpal/tarsal flexion acquired using simultaneous high-speed motion capture, and difference in thoracolumbar dimensions (T8, T18 at 3, 15 cm) between before and after exercise was compared between S and F. Peak pressures were consistently detected axially around T10–T13 (sensors A4–A7, H4–H7). Peak pressures were significantly less with F than S for each cell and pooled (55%–68% difference. P = .01 to <.0001). Saddle F was associated with 13% greater forelimb and 22.7% hindlimb protraction, 3.5° greater carpal and 4.3° tarsal flexion (P = .02 to .0001), and greater increase in thoracolumbar dimensions after exercise (P = .01 to <.0001). Saddles fitted to published guidelines may still have a nonideal interface with horses. Reducing peak pressures around T10–T13 was associated with improved limb kinematics in trot and greater thoracolumbar expansion after exercise. 相似文献
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This article summarizes the kinematics of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint during locomotion at walk and trot. The patterns and ranges of motion in flexion and extension are very similar at walk (range of motion: 46±40) and trot (range of motion: 47±40). In both gaits there is a cucle of flexion that peaks in the first half of stance. The joint is extended through the remainder of stance in opposition to a palmar moment generated by the deep digital flexor tendon and its accessory ligament and the navicular ligaments. During locomotion in a straight line, small amounts of abduction/adduction (∼50) and internal/external rotation (5-60) occur, especially around the times of contact and breakover. Extra-sagittal motions increase as a consequence of hoof imbalance, during turning or when the horse moves over uneven terrain. 相似文献
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V.V. Perino C.E. Kawcak D.D. Frisbie R.F. Reiser C.W. McIlwraith 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(4):161-166
Normal horses with no clinical lameness were studied to test the hypothesis that Equine F-Scan sensors (EFS) would produce vertical force data that correlated highly with vertical force data from a force platform. Six horses were trotted across a force platform while wearing the EFS. Vertical force measurements were recorded from each system with data analyzed from hoof strikes that occurred simultaneously on both systems. Coefficients of variation (CV) were evaluated to test precision of the systems. The CV of the EFS was 10.2%, compared with 6.6% for the force platform. The accuracy of the pressure measurement system was tested by measuring agreement and a paired t test. The test for measuring agreement showed large differences between measuring devices, indicating an overall lack of agreement between measurements from the two systems, with differences ranging from 9 Newtons (N) to 1,200 N. Results from a paired t test, however, showed no significant difference between measurements from the two devices as noted by a P-value of .294, indicating a lack of significant differences because of assessment of averaged data. Because of the inability of the EFS to provide precise measurements of vertical ground reaction force as noted by high coefficients of variation and an overall lack of agreement between measurements from the two systems, this system should not be used to objectively measure vertical force in horses in its current format. 相似文献
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To assess the repeatability of kinetic gait analysis with a treadmill, 28 sound adult dogs were made to trot on an instrumented system. Vertical ground reaction force variables (Peak PFz and Impulse IFz) were collected by 10-s recordings, once a week, 4 weeks in succession. Data were analysed using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA to investigate habituation to treadmill locomotion. Recorded data were stabilized from the end of the first and second sessions for IFz and PFz, respectively. The percentages of variance attributable to dogs, weeks, minutes and repetitions were, respectively, 72%, 10%, 7%, and 11% for PFz and 84%, 7%, 3%, and 6% for IFz. Habituation occurred after a single training session. Good repeatability was determined by a low coefficient of variation (3.4-4.7%). Adding a treadmill to kinetic gait analysis deserves consideration: reliable data are easily recorded using appropriate habituation and statistical model. 相似文献
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This study was designed as a comparative study with the intention to accumulate fundamental data on a wide variety of farriery methods. Twenty-five warmblood/crossbred horses, allocated into five groups (n = 5), underwent radiological and kinetic examination of the barefoot hoof, the shod hoof with a standard horseshoe, and finally a modified horseshoe. For radiographic measurements, a special podoblock with embedded reference points and changeable ground surfaces was used. Kinetic examinations were performed by placing one sensor between the shoe and the hoof and the second sensor between the shoe and the ground and then walking the horses on four different ground surfaces. When wedges were applied, the palmar angle increased by approximately 5° on all surfaces. However, this effect was only seen on firm surfaces combined with studs. Using a rocker shoe, the palmar angle increased on a firm surface (0.6 ± 0.3°) and decreased on a deformable surface (0.8 ± 0.3°). No consistent data were noted for the orientation of the proximal and middle phalanx in relation to the palmar angle. Pressure distribution showed wedges and studs to cause an increased pressure load on both the toe and the heels on a firm surface. Rocker shoes led to pressure peaks at the inner section of the toe, and high pressure was exerted on the quarters. In conclusion, all modified horseshoes showed unintended side effects and their influence on biomechanical parameters varied depending on the ground surface. 相似文献