Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

Xiao-Yan Li  Jia-Dong Gong  Qian-Zhao Gao  Feng-Rui Li 《Agricultural Water Management》2001,50(3):173-183

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.  相似文献   

渭南市种植业面源污染现状、防治难点及对策建议     

张俊丽  雷建新  赵晓进  安小玲  薛菁  拜翊莎  陈金丽  杨圆圆  李杨 《农学学报》2020,10(9):29-32

掌握面源污染现状是进行污染防治的前提。本研究概述了渭南市种植业面源污染的现状,指出化肥施用高量低效并存、农药包装物污染、残膜污染持续以及秸秆综合利用衍生问题突出,是当前种植业面源污染亟待解决的问题,然后结合防治难点,从宣传普及、强化监测、健全法规、资金保障以及做好技术研发和推广等角度提出了较系统的防治对策和建议。  相似文献   

覆盖材料和沟垄比对燕麦产量和水分利用效率的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

任祥  王琦  张恩和  师尚礼  王鹤龄  刘青林 《中国生态农业学报》2014,22(8):945-954

为改善半干旱地区土壤水分状况和提高降雨资源利用率,在中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所定西干旱气象与生态环境试验基地布置田间试验,采用完全随机设计,以无覆盖平作为对照,研究不同覆盖材料垄作(普通地膜、生物可降解地膜和无覆盖土垄)及垄作不同沟垄比(60 cm∶30 cm、60 cm∶45 cm和60 cm∶60 cm)对燕麦土壤贮水量、干草产量、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和经济效益等的影响。结果表明,就同一覆盖处理的平均值而言,土壤贮水量的排列次序为普通地膜≈生物可降解地膜土垄平作,在同一覆盖处理下,土壤贮水量随沟垄比减小而增加。土垄燕麦的干草产量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率比平作分别降低12%、18%和27%;生物可降解膜垄燕麦的干草产量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率比平作分别提高5%、4%和14%;普通膜垄燕麦的干草产量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率比平作分别提高7%、9%和23%。就大多数情况而言,燕麦干草产量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率随沟垄比减小而减小。对垄宽和实际籽粒产量的回归分析表明,当沟垄比为60 cm∶38 cm时,普通膜垄的燕麦实际籽粒产量达到最大值2 213 kg·hm-2;当沟垄比为60 cm∶34 cm时,生物可降解膜垄的燕麦实际籽粒产量达到最大值2 114 kg·hm-2。平作、土垄、生物可降解膜垄和普通膜垄燕麦经济效益分别为5 194元·hm-2、4 557元·hm-2、4 889元·hm-2和5 637元·hm-2。从燕麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和环保等方面考虑,在我国半干旱黄土高原区沟垄集雨种植燕麦,覆盖材料应采用生物可降解膜,沟宽∶垄宽为60 cm∶34 cm。  相似文献   

不同覆盖方式对植烟土壤温度和水分及烤烟品质的影响   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

李正风  张晓海  刘勇  吴伯志  夏玉珍  杨清辉 《中国农学通报》2006,22(11):224-224

不同覆盖方式的比较试验结果表明,秸秆与地膜双覆盖能够协调烤烟生长全过程的土壤温度,并且地温日变化幅度小,蓄水保墒作用显著。秸秆单覆盖对土壤性状改良与秸秆和地膜双覆盖相似,烟叶内在化学成分较协调,品质较高,但由于在烤烟生长前期不能提高土壤温度,使得烟叶生长速度较慢,产量下降;地膜单覆盖对土壤性状改良不及秸秆单覆盖和秸秆与地膜双覆盖,秸秆和地膜双覆盖使0~20cm土层含水量平均比露地栽培提高16.82%,比秸秆单覆盖提高6.45%,比地膜单覆盖提高5.43%,而且烟叶成分较协调,产量与产值也较高。  相似文献   

降解地膜过早破裂对玉米地土壤水分和温度及产量的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

董立国 《农学学报》2016,6(4):66-69

生物降解膜是解决农业“白色污染”的重要途径,笔者针对降解膜过早破裂这一过程,开展了土壤温度、水分和作物产量的影响研究。研究结果显示：降解膜过早裂解对土壤温度和土壤水分不同阶段影响程度不同。对土壤温度的影响主要体现在苗期,降解膜地25 cm内土壤温度比PE膜降低14.1%;对土壤水分的影响主要体现在喇叭口期,降解膜地100 cm内土壤水分比PE膜降低13.1%;降解膜种植的玉米在株高、秃尖、穗行数、百粒重和产量等方面明显低于PE膜,减产27.2%。也即降解膜过早裂解显著影响土壤温度、土壤水分和作物产量。  相似文献   

夏季水分管理对梨橙果实发育和产量品质的影响     

周炜  任争 《西南园艺》2006,34(6):12-14

干旱缺水是导致果园低产、低效的主要原因之一。重庆三峡库区降水丰沛,但水资源在时空上分布很不均匀,许多坡地果园水源紧缺,季节性干旱十分突出。2002年7月至2006年1月,通过用叶片水分亏缺与果实膨大相关性的研究以及水分管理模式,对柑橘生长和发育的影响进行试验研究,总结出了一套适合坡地柑橘园的水分管理模式。  相似文献   

Effects of Powder Ridge Cultivation on Growth and Yield of Hunan Cassava     

Yong SONG  Xuan LIN  Jinhui YANG  Yuping DENG  Xingyao XIONG 《农业科学与技术》2014,(3):359-362,374

[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cas- sava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9 （Southern China 9） as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows： control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered （CK）, treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation （CK）, the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed bet- ter. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38% （20 760 kg/hm2） than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hu- nan province.  相似文献   

Reestablishment of ecological functioning by mulching and termite invasion in a degraded soil in an Australian savanna     

Tracy Z. Dawes 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(10):1825-1834

Soil degradation is a major source of ecological dysfunction in both natural and agricultural landscapes. Termites are key mediators of tropical soil structure and function, but there has been little experimental evaluation of their potential in soil rehabilitation. This study investigated if termite activity can be used as a tool to improve the properties and function of degraded soil in tropical Australia, through mulch addition. A 2 × 2 randomised block design was used, with mulch (bare [B] or mulched [M] plots) and termiticide (termite [T] or non-termite [NT] plots) as factors. Over 4.5 years I tested the hypothesis that the MT plots would show greatest increase in (i) soil macroporosity, (ii) total soil surface carbon and nitrogen, (iii) litter decomposition, (iv) soil water storage and (v) plant cover, and (vi) greatest reduction in soil strength. MT treatment plots showed a 46% and 45% increase in soil macroporosity and plant cover, respectively, and a 25% reduction in soil strength compared with MNT plots. Compared with B treatments (BT, BNT), macroporosity and plant cover were 98% and 60% higher, respectively and soil water storage increased by up to 15%. Termites contributed to 58% of litter loss in MT plots over the transitional/dry season period. Mulching doubled soil carbon and nitrogen levels. This research demonstrates termite-mediated processes can be initiated and maintained in degraded soil, thereby improving soil structure and key ecosystem functions. Termites may represent a valuable biological resource for promoting tropical soil restoration, through incorporating techniques that promote their activity into tropical soil rehabilitation management.  相似文献   

Nitrogen mineralization from eucalyptus yardwaste mulch applied to young avocado trees     

César Valenzuela-Solano  David M. Crohn  James A. Downer 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(1):38-45

Consistent use of mulches over several years can provide significant N to avocado. Study of a 3-year-old Ventura, California, avocado orchard mulched annually for 3 years with 12–14 Mg ha^–1 chipped eucalyptus showed that total N in the mulched soil was double that of the control. Mulched intact soil cores released 53 kg ha^–1 more N annually than control treatments. A litterbag study showed that net mineralization of the applied mulch commenced approximately 8.5 months following application. Mulched soils tended to be warmer and moister than control soils and temperatures varied less. Laboratory incubations of mulch and soil layers showed that net mineralization rates (mg kg^–1 day^–1) were greatest in the lowest decomposed mulch layer, but that more N mineralized overall (g m²) in the soil due to its greater density.  相似文献   

我国设施农业农膜使用的环境问题刍议   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪军  杨杉  陈刚才  滕应  刘坤 《土壤》2016,48(5):863-867

农膜使用和地面覆盖技术的应用加快了我国农业现代化的步伐,增加和丰富了农产品的供给。但随着农膜的连续使用,导致大量的农膜残留,严重影响农业生产,并对农业生态环境安全和人体健康构成巨大威胁。本文总结了设施农业中农膜使用所造成的主要环境问题,剖析了这些问题的内在原因。在此基础上,针对我国设施农业中农膜使用和管理现状,分别从管理、政策、经济和技术方面提出了对策建议,以期为规范我国设施农业中农膜使用、提高设施农业环境管理效率和健康持续发展提供理论依据。  相似文献