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M Fevrier 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):159-170
Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known. 相似文献
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Sandstone is sediment rock composed of many cemented sand particles, and corresponding particle constraint and force bearing capacity are greatly controlled by the cemented property. In order to better reflect the cemented property influencing on the mechanical characteristics of the sandstone, take the oil sandstone reservoir for instance, a numerical model based on 3Dimensional Particle Flow Code (PFC3D) considering the parallel bond model was brought forward to simulate the failure mechanism during shearing process. The sandstone cemented property is modeled based on random mathematics and advanced development of Particle Flow Code (PFC), and the relation of the stress ratio, volume strain, coordination number and bond-broken number and the axial strain is analyzed in detail, especially the contact network evolution indicated the force chain is important to transfer the external force, which verifies the feasibility of the numerical model. Based on the above PFC3D model, a series of researches on changing the cemented radius ratio, parallel bond stiffness and cemented volume of the particles have been done to clearly illuminate the importance of cemented property for the bearing capacity of the sandstone structure, which provides a scientific base for research on the failure mechanism of the sandstone under special conditions. Therefore, the above numerical method is more efficient and applicable for comparatively large scale and complex experiments, and the obtained research results can bring a new thought for the real cemented sandstone to research on its macro-micromechanical response and the structure failure mechanism, and also is significant for the sand production mechanism, sand volume prediction and sand control measures for the sandstone reservoir. 相似文献
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弱毒羊种布氏菌M_5,弱毒猪种布氏菌S_2及弱毒牛种布氏菌S_(19)感染两种品系小鼠10天及21天对抗体形成细胞(PFC)的作用表明:三种布氏菌对BALB/C小鼠均有不同程度抑制PFC的作用。而用昆明鼠试验时,布氏菌M_5及S_2对PFC也有抑制作用,但牛种S_(19)则无此作用。资料证明虽用同一菌种同一菌量,但由于动物品系不同,其对PFC的作用也是不同的。 相似文献
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PFC软件作为一款成熟的离散元分析软件,由于在处理连续与非连续介质方面的出色表现,得到了广泛的应用。但是PFC软件所需要的细观参数均需要采用室内试验数据通过试错法反复调试才能获得,效率低、盲目性高,严重影响后续试验数据,因此急需一种新的细观参数校准方法。本文以玉米秸秆颗粒的单轴蠕变试验为基础,结合离散元软件PFC 2D,通过正交试验多因素方差分析方法分析了Burgers模型宏细观参数之间的影响关系,从而证明宏细观参数之间存在着复杂关系,不宜采用通过回归分析获得宏细观参数之间的关系式的方式标定细观参数,适合利用BP神经网络进行参数标定,利用创建的BP神经网络对细观参数进行标定,根据测试组的标定结果分析得出Burgers模型各细观参数的标定精度均在92%以上,且误差较为稳定,而且训练好的神经网络相关系数R>0.96,从而证明BP神经网络的细观参数标定性能较为可靠。将玉米秸秆单轴蠕变试验的宏观参数带入训练好的BP神经网络中进行细观参数标定,比对模拟蠕变试验与物理蠕变试验发现,两者的蠕变曲线基本一致,应变量的最大误差为2%,证明了BP神经网络具有良好的参数标定能力,可为PFC参数标定提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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为了分析平直节理黏结颗粒材料宏细观参数关系以及进行细观参数的标定,以单轴压缩、直接拉伸和双轴压缩数值试验作为宏观参数测试方法,对平直节理接触模型细观参数进行正交设计,采用多因素方差分析和回归分析研究宏细观参数之间的关系,在此基础上,建立了细观参数的标定方法。以灰岩的室内试验为基础,对其细观参数进行标定,模拟结果与试验结果相接近,验证了方法的有效性。 相似文献
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平面圆筛机是茶叶筛分中应用最为广泛的机械之一,其筛分效果影响着茶叶生产的质量与效率。在分析茶叶颗粒群在筛面上的运动条件、运动路径、透筛条件等基础上,运用离散元分析软件PFC3D对其筛分过程进行了数值模拟。理论分析及模拟试验结果表明,平面圆筛机的透筛率与茶叶的运动路径、透筛的相对矢径和相对速度相关;对于不同目数的筛网,存在不同最佳回转速度;增加回转半径,可以大幅增加茶叶颗粒在筛床上的运动路径长度,提高透筛率。理论分析与模拟试验结果相符,为平面圆筛机的设计与操作提供了参考依据。 相似文献