排序方式： 共有60条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The aim of this study was to quantify street tree population dynamics in the city of Claremont, CA. A repeated measures survey (2000 and 2014) based on a stratified random sampling approach across size classes and for the most abundant 21 species was analyzed to calculate removal, growth, and replacement planting rates. Demographic rates were estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The community-level (all species) median growth rate was 1.41% per year (95% CI: 1.21–1.65%) with Pinus brutia and Pistacia chinensis growing significantly faster than the community-level median. The community-level median removal rate was 1.03% per year (95% CI: 0.66–1.68%), with no significant differences between species and the community-level medium. Once removed, only 7.2% (95% CI: 4.4–12.9%) were replaced annually. Presence of overhead utility lines influenced tree removal rates while age, diameter-at-breast-height, and prior tree condition influenced tree growth. Overall live aboveground biomass in sampled sites was 713.29 Mg in 2000 and increased to 877.36 Mg by 2014. Biomass gain from growth outweighed loss from removals nearly three-fold; replacement contributed 0.5% of the total biomass gain. We conclude that to increase the resilience of the street tree population will require 1) an increase in percent of full stocking or biomass stock and 2) a shift in the species palette to favor species less vulnerable to pests and expected disturbance from climate change and 3) ongoing monitoring to detect departures from baseline demographic rates. 相似文献
2.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):194-201
AbstractGreater species diversity in natural ecosystems increases plant biomass production and stability. Intercropping is an agricultural practice that aims to accrue the benefits of species diversity by growing two or more species simultaneously in the same space. Functional group diversity is considered important for enhancing the beneficial effects of species diversity, but most previous intercropping studies used combinations of only two functional groups. Thus, we used three green manure species from different functional groups: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.), a C4 grass; crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.), a legume; and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a forb. We examined the effects of intercropping on biomass, nutrient uptake, and their stability using a proportional replacement series in a field experiment for three years with four trials. The aboveground biomass was higher with dual and triple-component intercrops compared with sole crops; however, there were no superior effects of triple-component intercropping over dual-component intercropping. There were also no clear advantages of intercropping in terms of the nutrient uptake amount and stability. 相似文献
3.
Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Beiping Tan Wei Xu Qingyuan Duan Hongming Ma Lu Zhang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):255-263
A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids. 相似文献
4.
凝结芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对猪生产性能的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
养猪生产中减少抗生素生长促进剂使用量或取消某些抗生素的使用 ,会使猪的生产性能受到严重影响 ,寻找抗生素替代物非常重要。研究表明 ,生长肥育猪饲料中添加凝结芽孢杆菌制剂可显著提高猪的平均日增重 ,降低饲料成本 ,饲养效果与抗菌药利菌净没有显著差异。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长发育的影响。选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4组,每组公母各半,分别饲喂基础饲粮(A组,断奶前基础饲粮由代乳粉、开食料和羊草组成,断奶后由精料、羊草和全株青贮玉米组成)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(B组)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的复合菌(C组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1:1)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌(D组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1:1:1)。每头牛食入益生菌总数为2×1010CFU/d。试验期共52周,每4周空腹称重、测量体尺一次。结果表明,添加地衣芽孢杆菌的B组日增重和末体长显著高于A组,末体重有高于A组的趋势;但添加益生菌对后备牛的体高和胸围没有显著性影响。添加地衣芽孢杆菌对后备牛的生长发育有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
论述了明式家具的模件化特征,分析了明式家具的主要模件类型、表现形式、组合方式,探讨了模件置换和模件增殖两种新单元实现方式,在此基础之上形成了明式家具的序列和总集。 相似文献
8.
为进一步缩小城乡差距,在一定程度上破解城乡现有的二元结构格局,针对北京市的养老保险发展进程展开相关研究,通过政策演变与数据分析,并基于替代率与相对水平对北京市目前存在的3种养老保险制度的保障水平进行了比较分析。结果表明:对于低收入者和高收入者而言,在替代率和相对水平方面,机关事业单位养老保险提供的保障水平显著高于城乡养老保险和企业职工养老保险的保障水平,其总替代率为90.00%,净替代率为91.17%,而且各种养老保障制度间随着收入水平的不同而存在差异。针对研究结果,应高度重视政府的积极主导作用,使用替代率作为衡量不同保障绩效的指标,以期实现各项保险制度的保障水平平等化。 相似文献
9.
重庆市新型农村社会养老保险保障水平实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择交叉替代率对重庆市新型农村社会养老保险保障水平进行研究并构建养老保险替代率的精算模型,基本参数为通货膨胀率α、农民纯收入增长率g、银行利率r、开始缴费年龄a与领取养老金年龄b,实证结果表明：重庆市农村养老保险替代率水平较低,影响代率水平的主要变量是缴费档次、缴费年限及养老金收益利率。针对该研究结果,提出了3点建议：设置基础养老金和个人账户自动调整机制,加强养老保险基金的预算管理,做好新农保与传统政策的衔接。 相似文献
10.
等氮配施有机肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物产量与养分平衡的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于自2006年在广西喀斯特峰丛洼地区开展的长期玉米/大豆套作定位施肥试验,选择2010—2014年监测数据,探讨等氮量投入条件下,不同比例有机肥替代无机氮肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作系统作物产量及土壤养分的影响,为喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物高效施肥及提高土壤肥力提供理论依据。试验选取4个处理:对照(不施肥,CK)、平衡施用化肥(NPK)、有机粪肥替代30%化肥氮(C7M3,按氮素计算,不足30%的PK用无机肥补充,肥料总量与NPK处理相同,有机粪肥为牛粪,下同)、有机粪肥替代60%化肥氮(C4M6,按氮素计算,不足60%的PK用无机肥补充),每个处理4次重复。于2010年、2012年、2014年大豆收获后采集土壤样品,测定土壤养分状况。结果表明:1)施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷及速效钾含量均高于CK处理,其中C4M6处理有机质含量显著高于NPK处理(P0.05),全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随着有机粪肥施用量的增加而增加。2)长期不同施肥处理玉米和大豆产量分别是不施肥处理的4.15~4.36倍、2.47~2.58倍。不同施肥处理的增产效果为C4M6NPKC7M3,但施肥处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。3)长期不施肥CK处理玉米产量随着试验年限推移呈下降趋势,降幅为5.45 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1),大豆产量却表现出增加趋势,增幅为1.50 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。长期施肥处理中,玉米和大豆产量总体呈增加趋势。4)施肥处理中,玉米季表现为钾素亏缺(NPK处理除外),大豆季表现为氮素亏缺。综合两季作物,只有C4M6钾素表现亏缺,亏缺量为7.9 kg·hm~(-2)。磷素在各施肥处理中盈余量较大,分别为81.2 kg·hm~(-2)(NPK)、83.4 kg·hm~(-2)(C7M3)和74.8 kg·hm~(-2)(C4M6)。综上,在喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作制度下,基于作物产量及土壤养分表观平衡特征提出有机粪肥可以代替部分化肥施用,在玉米季适当"减氮、稳磷和增钾",大豆季"稳氮、减磷和减钾"的施肥措施。 相似文献