Analysis of a Long-term Experiment with Repeated-measurement Models     

C. Richter  B. Kroschewski 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(1):55-71

Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases.  相似文献   

Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

KARIM ERZINI 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(3):195-209

Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south‐east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non‐lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地土地利用时空演变及空间自相关分析——以奈曼旗为例     

刘峰  杨光  韩雪莹  贾光普  王宁 《西北林学院学报》2020,35(4):148-157

利用奈曼旗2000、2006、2012年和2018年4期遥感数据,在ENVI5.3和ArcGIS10.2的支持下,运用土地利用动态变化空间分析模型、空间变化率指数和土地利用程度空间自相关,分析奈曼旗土地利用时空动态演变规律,为科尔沁沙地沙漠化土地治理及生态环境恢复提供参考信息。结果表明:1）各沙漠化土地整体呈逆转趋势,耕地、林草地和建筑用地呈发展趋势,研究区生态环境逐渐好转;2）人口增长、经济发展和政府政策导致耕地和林草地空间变化呈扩展型,各沙漠化土地呈衰退型;3）耕地和林草地与同期其他土地利用类型转化幅度逐年增长,空间变化率指数逐年增加,各沙化土地空间变化率指数逐年下降,仍需坚持生态环境恢复,沙漠化土地重点治理;4）土地利用程度呈高度空间自相关,在空间上的聚集区域固定,高-高值聚集在南部黄土区,面积逐年减少,低-低值聚集在中部沙区,面积减少幅度较小。  相似文献   

盐渍化灌区节水改造后土壤盐分时空变化规律研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

史海滨  吴迪  闫建文  李仙岳  朱科  迟碧璇 《农业机械学报》2020,51(2):318-331

为探明沈乌灌域节水改造后因地下水水位变化造成的土壤盐分重分布规律,采用区域土壤信息定点监测,并结合经典统计学、空间插值、缓冲区分析和空间自相关分析方法,研究节水改造前后沈乌灌域土壤盐分空间变异、时空分布规律及不同改造年限区域土壤盐分变化差异。结果表明:节水改造后,秋浇前土壤整体含盐量平均降幅7. 30%,秋浇水量减少,秋浇后土壤盐分淋洗效果减弱9. 26%;空间上,土壤盐分高值区(大于6 g/kg)多位于地下水埋深较浅的东北和南部区域,低值区(小于2 g/kg)位于西南和东部沙区。节水改造后,秋浇前土壤盐分全局Moran’s I指数平均增幅为5%,空间相关性增强;秋浇水量减少,全局Moran’s I指数变化不显著,秋浇作用对土壤盐分空间自相关影响度减弱。由LISA集聚分析可知,改造后、秋浇前南部高-高显著区向不显著和高-低区转变,秋浇后南部集聚特征仍十分显著,存在盐渍化风险,改造后仍是盐渍化防治重点区域。针对中度耐盐作物,沈乌灌域耕层作物生长安全区和深层非盐渍土面积比例分别为49. 66%和71. 57%;改造后,秋浇前耕层作物生长安全区和深层非盐渍土分别增加4. 82、1. 85个百分点,秋浇后,耕层作物生长安全区面积增幅下降5. 02个百分点,深层变化不显著。不同距离缓冲区对平均土壤含盐量的解释能力较强,长期改造区和短期改造区受渠道影响半径分别为1. 5 km和0. 7 km,长期改造区缓冲区内平均土壤含盐量下降速率高于短期改造区,均一化程度较高。综上所述,节水改造工程实施后,土壤盐渍化程度减轻,作物生长安全区面积增加,表聚作用弱化,秋浇水量减少,土壤盐分淋洗效果减弱,土壤环境有所改善。  相似文献   

基于GIS和空间自相关模型的南宁市林地空间变化研究     

周海菊  胡靓达  喻素芳 《广东农业科学》2022,49(1):51-61

【目的】掌握南宁市林地时空分布的变化规律,为制定科学有效的林地管理措施提供基础数据。【方法】基于2008、2013、2018年3期南宁市森林资源调查数据,应用空间统计技术,结合转移矩阵及空间自相关模型,分析不同时期南宁市林地分布格局,探究林地时空分布动态变化特征及空间聚集规律。【结果】2008—2018年,南宁市天然林面积减少2.39×10⁴ hm²,人工林面积增加2.60×10⁴ hm²,其他林地面积减少2.98×10⁴ hm²,林地总面积略有减少;林地类型变化繁杂,天然林和其他林地主要转化为人工林,人工林主要转化为非林地,其中2013—2018年林地变化更为剧烈;天然林和人工林的分布均具有显著的空间自相关性,天然林的空间自相关性高于人工林。整个研究期间,天然林和人工林的空间聚集性均呈下降趋势。【结论】2008—2018年南宁市林地发生较大的转移及变化,为有效保护林地、实现森林资源的可持续发展,需进一步加强实施科学有效的林地资源保护政策和措施。  相似文献   

Incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the general linear model with an application to the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) longline CPUE data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tom Nishida  Ding-Geng Chen 《Fisheries Research》2004,70(2-3):265-274

Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data have often been used to obtain a relative index of the abundance of a fish stock by standardizing nominal CPUE using various statistical methods. The theory underlying most of these methods assumes the independence of the observed CPUEs. This assumption is invalid for a fish population because of their spatial autocorrelation. To overcome this problem, we incorporated spatial autocorrelation into the standard general linear model (GLM). We also incorporated into it a habitat-based model (HBM), to reflect, more effectively, the vertical distributions of tuna. As a case study, we fitted both the standard-GLM and spatial-GLM (with or without HBM) to the yellowfin tuna CPUE data of the Japanese longline fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Four distance models (Gaussian, exponential, linear and spherical) were examined for spatial autocorrelation. We found that the spatial-GLMs always produced the best goodness-of-fit to the data and gave more realistic estimates of the variances of the parameters, and that HBM-based GLMs always produced better goodness-of-fit to the data than those without. Of the four distance models, the Gaussian model performed the best. The point estimates of the relative indices of the abundance of yellowfin tuna differed slightly between standard and spatial GLMs, while their 95% confidence intervals from the spatial-GLMs were larger than those from the standard-GLM. Therefore, spatial-GLMs yield more robust estimates of the relative indices of the abundance of yellowfin tuna, especially when the nominal CPUEs are strongly spatially autocorrelated.  相似文献   

Multi-scale use of lands providing anthropogenic resources by American Crows in an urbanizing landscape     

John C. Withey  John M. Marzluff 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(2):281-293

The conversion of forests and farmlands to human settlements has negative impacts on many native species, but also provides resources that some species are able to exploit. American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), one such exploiter, create concern due to their impact as nest predators, disease hosts, and cultural harbingers of evil. We used various measures of crow abundance and resource use to determine crows’ response to features of anthropogenic landscapes in the Puget Sound region of the United States. We examined land cover and land use composition at three spatial scales: study sites (up to 208 ha), crow home ranges within sites (18.1 ha), and local land cover (400 m²). At the study site and within-site scales crow abundance was strongly correlated with land cover providing anthropogenic resources. In particular, crows were associated with the amount of ‘maintained forest’ cover, and were more likely to use grass and shrub cover than forest or bare soil cover. Although crows did not show a generalized response to an edge variable, they exhibited greater use of patchy habitat created by human settlements than of native forests. Radio-tagged territorial adults used resources within their home ranges relatively evenly, suggesting resource selection had occurred at a larger spatial scale. The land conversion pattern of new suburban and exurban settlements creates the mix of impervious surfaces and maintained vegetation that crows use, and in our study area crow populations are expected to continue to increase. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

基于耕地质量指数局部空间自相关的耕地保护分区   总被引：15，自引：12，他引：15  

韦仕川  熊昌盛  栾乔林  胡月明 《农业工程学报》2014,30(18):249-256

科学合理地制定耕地保护分区,是实现耕地差异化保护、精细化管理的重要保障。该文采用Moran散点图和局部空间自相关分析相结合的方法,以耕地质量指数为空间变量,探讨广宁县耕地质量的空间结构性特征和聚集性规律,并据此提出耕地保护分区方案。研究结果表明:广宁县耕地质量在空间分布上呈现出一定的聚集性规律,正相关类型(高-高和低-低型)多以"组团"形式出现,聚集性较强;负相关类型(高-低和低-高型)无明显集中区域,零星分布。基于局部空间自相关分析的耕地保护分区,既综合考虑了耕地自然条件、利用条件和经济条件,同时将耕地质量的空间属性作为第4维,纳入到耕地保护分区研究中,为耕地差异化保护、精细化管理提供了思路。最后,提出了基于局部空间自相关的耕地保护分区方案及相应的保护措施,可为研究区域耕地保护分区提供参考。  相似文献   

山地丘陵区村级尺度耕地质量评价及保护分区   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

熊想想  杨朝现  信桂新  魏朝富 《水土保持研究》2019,(1):308-315

科学开展耕地质量评价,合理划定耕地保护分区,是实现耕地差异化保护和管理的重要前提。研究采用空间自相关方法,以重庆市荣昌区为例,以国家等耕地质量指数为空间变量,从村级尺度探讨山地丘陵区耕地质量的空间关联性与集聚特征,并基于局部空间自相关分析结果提出了耕地保护分区方案。结果表明:(1)荣昌区耕地质量全局空间上呈现较弱正相关性,全局Moran′s I值表现为耕地等别指数>利用等指数>自然等指数;局部空间上呈现较强变异特征,70%以上空间类型表现为随机分布,正相关类型(HH型和LL型)多以"组团"形态存在,负相关类型(LH型)以"点状"形态存在;(2)基于局部空间自相关类型特征及顺序组合,将耕地保护划分为重点保护区、重点改良区、适度改良区和适度调整区4类,并针对性提出耕地保护措施及管控说明。因此,在自然地理条件欠佳的山地丘陵区,研究结果可为各级行政主体精准有效地实施耕地保护和质量建设提供参考。  相似文献   

基于土地利用变化的河北省坝上地区景观生态风险评价   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

刘孟竹  王彦芳  裴宏伟 《水土保持通报》2020,40(4):303-311

[目的]对河北省坝上地区近40 a来的土地利用动态变化和生态风险进行分析评价并对未来趋势作出预测,为该地区生态建设和治理、可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于坝上地区1980—2018年5期土地利用数据以及通过土地转移矩阵、空间相关性分析等方法揭示和预测该区1980—2026年的土地利用变化特征并评估该区生态风险水平。[结果](1)整个研究期间,坝上地区土地利用类型以耕地为主,所占比例近50%,其中,1980—2018年,耕地、林地扩张面积均超过300 km~2,草地减少近616.60 km~2,水域面积缩减36.04%,其中耕地、林地、草地之间的互相流转程度较为剧烈,空间变化上表现为各地类的重心在2000—2010年明显迁移。(2)1980—2026年,坝上地区6个时期内生态风险值全局空间自相关Moran’s I指数均在0.500左右,其空间分布表现出较高的趋同集聚性。(3)近40 a来,坝上生态风险水平升至为高风险级,其区域增加了123.22 km~2,较高风险区域分布在城镇地区,据CA-Markov模型预测,未来坝上地区中等及中等以上风险区域持续扩张,丰宁县和围场县将分别出现小规模高风险区和较高风险区。[结论](1)近40 a来坝上地区草地退化严重,水域面积显著减少,原因系安固里淖干涸所致。(2)该区生态风险水平与土地格局分布具有较强相关性,且在未来会继续升高。  相似文献