Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control     

Ruirui Zhang  Andrew J Hewitt  Liping Chen  Longlong Li  Qing Tang 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4123-4131

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

自走式喷雾机自动控制系统的研制   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张宾  陈志清  宋健 《农机化研究》2004,(6):115-118

根据小型自走式喷雾机在田间固定轨道完成自动行走以及自动喷雾的作业要求，成功研制了基于单片机的喷雾机自动控制系统，利用线性霍尔器件，成功设计了可以远距离检测到磁标志的位置传感器，解决了田间喷雾机移动位置的信号传感问题。该控制系统可以实现自走式喷雾机的运动及喷雾控制。  相似文献   

棉花药害的原因分析及对策     

徐关印  王新民 《邯郸农业高等专科学校学报》2004,21(1):7-8

调查分析了棉花药害的症状和产生原因 ,提出了药害预防及补救措施 ,对保证棉花安全生产具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

车载超低容量喷雾机液位自动检测装置的研究     

李睿远  柴苍修  彭军  张发军 《林业机械与木工设备》2006,34(11):13-15

目前喷雾机的药箱一般内置于喷雾机罩内,不易观察其液位的情况,给施药人员带来很多不便。基于这些实际问题而设计出一套液位自动检测及报警的控制模块,即当药箱液位低于设定的阀值时报警装置启动,提示药液不足以进行药箱的换接,从而避免漏喷或施药量不足。  相似文献   

融合路面特征的大型喷雾机多工况悬架控制与试验     

杨帆  杜岳峰  栗晓宇  张延安  毛恩荣  李臻 《农业机械学报》2023,54(S2):110-120

大型高地隙喷雾机的作业工况复杂,不同路况对悬架的性能要求不尽相同,传统悬架系统已无法满足喷雾机多工况作业的不同减振需求。为有效提高大型喷雾机各工况下的减振性能并有效降低能耗,提出了一种基于路况识别的多工况主动悬架控制系统。首先,分析喷雾机典型作业工况,建立路面特征与悬架模型的映射关系;然后,搭建喷雾机油气悬架的上下层控制系统,采用变步长萤火虫算法优化控制系统中各工况下的阻尼系数;最终将搭载该控制算法的喷雾机进行田间动态性能试验。试验结果表明,相比传统悬架,主动悬架在水泥及田间路面的行驶平顺性分别提升11.0%和22.8%,操控稳定性分别提升24.5%和3.4%。本研究所提出的控制系统可以有效解决不同工况下驾驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的矛盾关系,满足喷雾机各工况的特定减振需求。  相似文献   

The potential environmental impact of pesticides removed from sprayers during cleaning     

Ramwell CT  Leak J  Cooper SE  Taylor WA 《Pest management science》2007,63(11):1146-1152

BACKGROUND: There is concern that pesticide residues on the external surfaces of sprayers could have an adverse impact on the environment if they are washed off, yet there is a need to remove these residues for health reasons. The aim of this study was to quantify pesticide residues contained in washings from cleaning discrete parts of a sprayer and to assess their likely environmental impact. RESULTS: The boom/rear of the sprayer and the spray tank accounted for 80% of the total pesticide load in the washings. Predicted environmental pesticide concentrations from sprayer washings were lower than predictions from the FOCUS surface water model for pesticides used under normal agricultural conditions, although for tebuconazole this difference was smaller than for the other compounds investigated. The field area over which the residues may need to be uniformly deposited to avoid overdosing during infield cleaning was typically less than 0.5 m(2), with a maximum value of 4 m(2). CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that infield cleaning will lead to overdosing. External residues are not insignificant, so any adverse impact on the environment must be mitigated. Appropriate measures include cleaning in the field away from surface waters and other sensitive areas, and cleaning machines over bunded areas or similar.  相似文献   

植保无人飞机作业参数对田外除草靶标区内外雾滴沉积规律的影响     

Fiaz Ahmad  邱白晶  董晓娅  马靖  黄鑫  Shibbir Ahmed  Farman Ali Chandio  蔡晨 《中国农机化学报》2021,42(8):74

雾滴大小、气象条件和施药装备的作业参数对雾滴的覆盖范围、靶标的吸附性能有影响。无人飞机(UAV)是目前有助于高效喷雾的现代施药技术装备。然而作业参数对靶标区和脱靶区的影响依然尚待确定。开展了田间试验并运用沉积扫描软件测定了在田外除草中不同飞行高度(2 m和3 m)和飞行速度(2 m/s和3 m/s)下雾滴的沉积量、覆盖密度、覆盖率和雾滴直径。结果表明,当无人飞机在处理T_1中以2 m/s速度、2 m高度飞行时,靶标区域平均沉积量最高,为2.29μL/cm~2,飞行航线中央0点位置的覆盖率达到36.19%。处理T_1、T_2、T_3和T_4在飞行航线中央的雾滴谱相对宽度分别为0.70、1.01、1.03、1.05。处理T_1体积中值直径(VMD,也即D_(v0.5))最大,为448.75μm;而处理T_4的D_(v0.5)最小,为238.95μm。单旋翼无人飞机在脱靶区的沉积量几乎可以忽略不计。本研究为无人飞机运营商、农民和生产企业提供了参考,从而优化航空植保技术在除草上的应用。  相似文献   

喷杆喷雾机变量控制特性测试系统设计与试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈彬  陈小兵  于庆旭  张井超  裴亮  冯耀宁  刘燕 《中国农机化学报》2021,(1)

为精准高效地完成喷杆喷雾机变量喷雾控制系统的控制特性测试,研制一种喷杆喷雾机变量控制特性测试系统,通过网络RTK采集机具行进速度,采用高精度流量与压力传感器获取管路流量和压力,利用CAN总线和无线数传的方式完成数据和指令的传递,通过Android设备进行人机交互完成数据的实时监测,结合数据处理软件完成测试结果的统计分析等功能。数据采集精度试验表明,网络RTK测速平均偏差为-0.02 km/h,流量传感器的平均误差为0.99%,平均重复性为0.31%,瞬时流量示值的平均标准偏差为0.04 L/min;压力传感器平均偏差为0.02 MPa。测试系统验证试验表明,针对某款压力调节式喷杆喷雾机,系统记录加速和减速阶段流量调节的平均滞后时间分别为1.31 s和1.70 s,平均调节偏差时间为0.56 s和1.47 s。研发的系统各项数据能准确反映机具工作状态,满足喷杆喷雾机变量量控制特性测试需求。  相似文献   

刺梅嫩枝扦插育苗技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘丽君  张宇  孙艺  岳成亮 《林业机械与木工设备》2011,39(2)

使用全日照24h自动化间歇喷雾设备,采用半木质化刺梅嫩枝作插穗带叶扦插生根育苗的方法,具有生根速度快、育苗周期短、一年可生产多批及插穗来源丰富等优点,苗木成活率达97%。  相似文献   

Heating performance analysis of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector     

TONG Ming wei  CAI Qin  BAI Xiu juan 《保鲜与加工》2011,(6):60-63

Abstract:This paper developes a heating coefficient model to study the heating performance of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector. It analyzes the factors of heating performance, and explores the relationships between the heating performance and different operating parameters theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the heating performance of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector is very good. The heating coefficient decreases with the increase of the inlet water temperature, and increases with the increase of the steam pressure and ejecting coefficient. The relationships between heating performance of ejector and different operating parameters by calculation and experiment are in good agreement.  相似文献