Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia in uncontaminated and heavy metal contaminated soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.  相似文献   

丛枝菌根真菌对鸢尾的促进作用研究     

陈媛  王立  马放  姜晓峰  董静 《农业环境与发展》2014,(3)

为高效利用水陆两栖植物鸢尾修复污染水体,本研究通过测定不同的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与鸢尾构建共生体系的生长指标、土壤理化性质及植物光合作用指标,探讨不同AMF对水生植物鸢尾的促进作用。结果表明:AMF对鸢尾的促进作用主要体现在地上及地下两部分,其中地下部分通过利用其庞大的菌丝网络吸收土壤中的营养物质,进而促进了鸢尾的生长,其中对比无菌剂侵染的空白植物,摩西球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高71.75%,磷元素的吸收率提高8.36%,而根内球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高42.55%,磷元素的吸收率提高9.5%;而地上部分则是通过加强叶片气孔导度的开启来调控植物净光合速率与蒸腾速率之间的平衡,进而提高了鸢尾的最优水资源利用率,加快植物的新陈代谢,最终促进植物的生长发育。其中对于鸢尾光合作用的调节摩西球囊霉的促进效果显著好于(P0.05)根内球囊霉。  相似文献   

Soil microbial communities resistant to changes in plant functional group composition     

Carolyn B. Marshall  Roy Turkington 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):78-85

The soil community is an often ignored part of research which links plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning despite their influence on numerous functions such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Few consistent patterns have been detected that link plant and soil community composition. We used a removal experiment in a northern Canadian grassland to examine the effects of plant functional group identity on soil microbial community structure and function. Plant functional groups (graminoids, legumes and forbs) were removed independently from plots for five growing seasons (2003-2007) and in the fifth year effects on the soil microbial community were examined using substrate-induced respiration (SIR - a measure of metabolic diversity) and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA - a measure of microbial community composition). Removal treatments were also crossed with both a fertilizer treatment and a fungicide treatment to determine if effects of functional group identity on the soil community were context dependent. Plant functional group identity had almost no effect on the soil microbial community as measured by either SIR or PLFA. Likewise, soil properties including total carbon, pH, moisture and nutrients showed a limited response to plant removals in the fifth year after removals. We found a direct effect of fertilizer on the soil community, with fertilized plots having decreased metabolic diversity, with a decreased ability to metabolize amino acids and a phenolic acid, but there was no direct soil microbial response to fungicide. We show that in this northern Canadian grassland the soil microbial community is relatively insensitive to changes in plant functional group composition, and suggest that in northern ecosystems, where plant material is only slowly incorporated into the soil, five growing seasons may be insufficient to detect the impact of a changing plant community on the soil microbes.  相似文献   

丛枝菌根真菌对茅苍术实生苗生长及根腐病发生的影响     

曹敏  胡开治  刘燕琴  杨小玉  韩蓉蓉  余米 《安徽农业大学学报》2022,49(3):418

根腐病是目前茅苍术栽培中危害最严重的病害之一。丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）能与90%以上的维管植物互惠共生,对植物土传病害有一定的抑制作用。为明确AMF对茅苍术根腐病的防治效果,试验采用盆栽法研究了Glomus mosseae（Gm）、Glomus intraradices（Gi）和Glomus etunicatum（Ge）3种AMF对1年生茅苍术苗生长及根腐病发生的影响。结果表明：3个AMF接种组的茅苍术苗菌根侵染率由高到低依次为Gm（60.44%）、Ge（55.89%）和Gi（52.33%）;3种AMF均能显著促进茅苍术苗的营养生长,以Ge促生长效果最为显著,但Gm对茅苍术苗地下部分物质积累的促进作用更大,Gm组茅苍术苗地下部分鲜重和干重的菌根依赖性分别达260.34%和285.45%;另外,3种AMF均能降低茅苍术苗根腐病的发生,减轻病情指数,提高其根系抗病相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶的活性,其中G. mosseae和G. etunicatum防治效果较好,防效分别为53.15%和62.94%。AMF能促进茅苍术苗的营养生长,减轻其根腐病害的发生,G. mosseae和G. etunicatum可作为茅苍术根腐病防治的备选生物菌剂进行深入的研究与应用。  相似文献   

AM菌根磷酸酶对玉米菌根际土壤磷的影响及其细胞化学定位     

苏友波  林春  王三根 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,25(2):115-119,130

以玉米为材料,利用3室隔网培养方法探讨了取自肥料长期定位试验中多年施用与不施用有机肥的田间小区土壤,接种菌根菌（G.mosseae)对玉米根际土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性及土壤不同形态磷的影响,并对磷酸酶产生位点进行显微细胞化学定位。结果表明,接种AM菌根菌对根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均有增强作用。但作用程度在有机肥小区土壤上要大于无机肥小区土壤。菌丝分泌磷酸酶对土壤磷的吸收有益。根际土壤酸性磷酸酶细胞化学定位结果表明,活性菌丝上有明显的酸性磷酸酶的反应产物,生产健壮的菌丝有较强的酶活性,衰老的菌丝未见酶反应产物,说明只有成熟的根外菌根菌丝才能分泌磷酸酶。  相似文献   

菌根化育苗对玉米生长和养分吸收的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李芳  徐丽娇  谢伟  郝志鹏  陈保冬 《植物营养与肥料学报》2020,26(1):42-50

【目的】丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)侵染作物根系形成菌根共生体系对于作物吸收磷具有重要作用,但该结果大多来源于室内受控试验,有限的田间试验因环境条件、试验材料与接种技术等差异致使AMF菌剂应用效果不一。本研究通过玉米菌根化育苗和田间移栽,分析了接种AMF对玉米生长、养分吸收、籽粒产量及养分含量的影响,以期推进菌根技术的实际生产应用。【方法】以自交品系玉米B73为供试作物,于2018年5月至10月在北京市延庆区进行了田间试验。田间小区设置基施磷(+P)和不施磷(–P)处理。供试AMF为Rhizophagus irregularis Schenck&Smith BGC AH01。玉米种子催芽后,分别播入加入AMF菌剂(+M)和菌剂过滤液(–M)的育苗钵内,培养两周后移栽至田间。玉米在田间条件下生长至拔节期时,使用便携式光合仪测定叶片光合速率与气孔导度,取样测定地上部与根部干重和养分元素含量,同时测定菌根侵染率;在玉米完熟期取样,测定籽粒百粒重、籽粒产量及养分含量。【结果】无论田间施磷与否,接菌植株根系的菌根侵染强度和丛枝丰度均显著高于不接菌植株。不施磷情况下,+M处理显著提高了玉米根系干重,玉米生长的菌根依赖性(163.7%)显著高于施磷情形(124.1%)。–P–M处理玉米叶片的光合速率和气孔导度显著低于其他3个处理。–P+M处理玉米叶片的光合参数、玉米地上部和根部磷含量与+P+M均无显著差异。与–P–M处理相比,–P+M显著提高了玉米籽粒产量和百粒重,同时也提高了籽粒中锌、锰、镁等矿质养分的含量,且与+P+M处理相比均无显著差异。【结论】玉米幼苗接种AMF后再移栽到田间,可以显著提高拔节期玉米根系的菌根侵染率,促进玉米地上部和根部对磷及锌、锰和镁的吸收,进而促进玉米的生长,提高籽粒产量和养分含量。本试验条件下,菌根化育苗可以达到与施磷同样的效果,在保障作物不减产的前提下减少磷肥施用量。  相似文献   

丛枝菌根菌对大田辣椒产量及抗病性的影响     

杨蓉  孙锡梁  崔卫东  马昌明  龙宣杞  徐忠 《新疆农业科学》2007,44(Z2)

在大田辣椒上接种两种丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae)和(Glomus etunicatum)。两种处理的单株产量比对照都有显著提高,其中G.etunicatum的单株产量增加了116.4%,疫霉病发病率降低了41%。  相似文献   

丛枝菌根真菌在药用植物上的应用研究进展     

陈芳玲  樊娅萍  贺苗苗  王倡宪 《中国农学通报》2022,38(12):55-60

为了将农业生态系统中广泛分布的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)资源科学地应用于药用植物,本文对AMF分类、中国药用植物资源现状及AMF在药用植物上的应用分别进行了总结。AMF不仅能改善药用植物的营养水平,促进其生长;而且能促进药用植物体内萜类、甾体类及黄酮类等活性物质的合成与积累;此外,AMF对药用植物因连作引发的各种土传病虫害也表现出积极的生防作用。因此,AMF在药用植物栽培领域具有极大的应用潜力。同时,鉴于菌根专性共生的特性,提出了扩大与AMF共生的药用植物种类、AMF与其他有益微生物混合接种、共生体建成过程中土壤生态环境变化等尚待探究的问题,以期为该领域的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

宁夏AM真菌的多样性及与环境因子的关系     

杜茜  马琨  闫兴富 《安徽农业科学》2012,(18):9582-9583,9586

综述宁夏多种生态环境中AM真菌种群落多样性。通过对多种土壤因子、土壤类型、植被类型与AM真菌多样性、孢子密度以及菌根侵染率的关系比较,探讨环境因子对AM真菌多样性的影响。研究表明,宁夏不同土壤类型区域中AM真菌种类及分布在一定程度上是与植被类型、植物多样性和土壤肥力特征相对应的。  相似文献   

菌根桑恢复喀斯特石漠化地区的研究探讨     

邢丹  王震洪  张爱民  付文婷  韩世玉 《农业科学与技术》2014,(11):1998-2002

菌根桑能与石漠化地区贫瘠、干旱等主要生态障碍相耦合,有利于减轻贫瘠干旱胁迫,成为喀斯特石漠化生态治理的一种新的有效措施。在综述丛枝菌根真菌的结构、生理生态功能的基础上,初步探讨了石漠化恢复过程中菌根桑的可利用性以及在调查桑树根系丛枝菌根真菌多样性、影响丛枝菌根真菌多样性的关键因子、筛选优良抗性菌株、丛枝菌根真菌与喀斯特石漠化地区桑树的共生机制等几个方面开展前期研究工作,旨在从全新的角度探讨菌根桑对喀斯特生境的适应对策以及为岩溶生态系统退化与恢复机理奠定基础,从而保证菌根桑在石漠化地区的可持续发展。  相似文献