Productivity and Sustainability of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping System as Influenced by Prilled Urea, Farmyard Manure and Azotobacter     

A. Das  M. Prasad  Y. S. Shivay  K. M. Subha 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(5):298-304

Field experiments were conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003, to study the effect of inorganic, organic and Azotobacter combined sources of N on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The results indicated considerable increase in yield attributes and mean seed cotton yield (2.33 Mg ha^?1) with the combined application of 30 kg N and farmyard manure (FYM) at 12 Mg ha^?1 along with Azotobacter (M₄). The treatment in cotton that included FYM, especially when fertilizer N was also applied could either improve or maintain the soil fertility status in terms of available N, P and K. Distinct increase in yield attributes and grain yield of wheat was observed with the residual effect of integrated application of 30 kg N ha^?1 + FYM at 12 Mg ha^?1 + Azotobacter. Direct application of 120 kg N ha^?1 resulted 67.4 and 17.7 % increase in mean grain yield of wheat over no N and 60 kg N ha^?1, respectively. Integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is therefore, recommended for higher productivity and sustainability of the cotton–wheat system.  相似文献   

Evolution of humic substances from unripe compost during incubation with lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the lettuce growth promotion mediated byAzotobacter chroococcum     

N. Requena  T. M. Baca  R. Azcón 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,24(1):59-65

Some recalcitrant organic wastes, which contain a large proportion of lignin or cellulose, are not changed much by composting, and thus the effectiveness of the compost as fertilizer is usua.lly low. In this study, incubation of unripe compost with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms —Trichoderma viride orBacillus spp. — was investigated to increase the degree of humification of the organic matter present, and improve ils quality as a soil amendment. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses together with humification indices and electrofocusing patterns were used to monitor the evolution of the humic substances during the incubation process. Plant growth effects exerted by Azotobacter chroococcum on lettuce plants growing on the previously incubated compost were affected by the length of incubation and by changes in the composition of humic substances. Higher organic matter content and better humification seem to be important factors for predictingA. chroococcum hebaviour in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

Increase in Growth,Productivity and Nutritional Status of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and enrichment in Soil Microbial Population Applied with Biofertilizers Entrapped with Organic Matrix     

Manoj Kumar  Kuldeep Bauddh  Manish Sainger  Poonam Ahlawat Sainger 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(2):260-276

To find effective alternatives to reduce the application of conventional urea (CU), a conventional biofertilizer (CB) preparation (charcoal mixed Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis) and the same biofertilizers entrapped in an organic matrix consisting of cow dung, rice bran, dried powder of neem leaves, and clay soil in 1:1:1:1 ratio and 25% (w/w) saresh (plant gum of Acacia sp.), named as super granules of biofertilizers (SGBF) were applied to cultivate wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘WH-711’) in experimental plots. The results revealed that the efficacy of commercially available charcoal mixed biofertilizers could not prove as effective alternative to CU, whereas the same dose of biofertilizers entrapped in the organic matrix, SGBF, resulted in a significant increase in growth and productivity of wheat. It appears that SGBF prepared and applied in this study is an effective organic alternative to the urea for wheat cultivation in semi-arid subtropical agro-ecosystems.  相似文献   

土壤中固氮菌对农药抗性的研究     

乔秀丽  迟彩霞 《安徽农业科学》2015,(9):129-130,132

[目的]了解自生固氮菌对不同农药的抗性。[方法]根据固氮菌自身的特点,应用无氮培养基分离自生固氮菌获得纯种的自生固氮菌;通过抑菌圈试验及分光光度计测定其吸光值研究了草甘膦异丙胺盐、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咪锰·多菌灵3种常用农药对自生固氮菌生长的影响。[结果]草甘膦异丙胺盐对自生固氮菌生长有促进作用;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对自生固氮菌有较小的抑制作用,并且该农药自身不稳定,易被分解;咪锰·多菌灵对固氮菌有强烈抑制作用。[结论]试验结果为田间正确使用农药提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Interactions amongst Mycorrhiza,Azotobacter chroococcum and Root Characteristics of Wheat Varieties     

R. K. Behl  H. Sharma  V. Kumar  N. Narula 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(3):151-155

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications over 2 years to evaluate the effect of wheat cultivar and dual inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum (Azc) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum) on root characters and AMF infection in three crosses of wheat. The experimental material comprised four wheat parents, WH‐147, WH‐157, WH‐542 and PBW‐175, and three F₁ crosses, WH‐147 ×WH‐157, WH‐147 × WH‐542 and WH‐147 × PBW‐175. Comparison of treatment averages, i.e. control (mineral nutrients 60 kg N + 30 kg P₂O₅ + 12.5 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1, as in other two treatments), AMF and AMF + Azc, revealed that inoculation of Azc led to an increase in AMF infection in roots. Maximum root biomass was obtained in F₁ hybrids WH‐147 × WH‐157 in the AMF treatment and in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 receiving AMF + Azc. Total root length and AMF infection of roots was maximum in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 for all the treatments during both years. A positive association between AMF infection in roots and Azotobacter survival in the rhizosphere was apparent. Similarly, maximum A. chroococcum counts were observed 80 and 120 days after sowing in the AMF + Azc treatment in cross WH147 × PBW175.  相似文献   

圆褐固氮菌对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢秉林  王文丽  李娟  车宗贤 《核农学报》2010,24(3):599-604

利用盆栽和田间试验,探讨了圆褐固氮菌Azotobacter chroococcum beijerinckN45及用其研制的生物氮肥对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,旨在为生物氮肥的研制及其与化学氮肥的最佳配比用量提供理论依据。结果表明,盆栽试验中供试菌株N45具有对春小麦的增产作用和对氮肥利用效率的促进作用。将其研制为生物氮肥后,其效果在田间得到了很好的再现,盆栽与田间试验均是与半量化学氮肥配施效果最佳,相比同量化肥处理分别提高春小麦秸秆产量12.70%和16.34%;籽粒产量15.31%和11.77%;氮素收获指数0.68%和0.13%;氮肥农学利用率30.37%和59.39%;氮素吸收利用率26.53%和88.66%;氮肥偏生产力15.27%和11.77%;氮肥生理利用率12.24%和35.24%,同时还能够提高秸秆和籽粒中全氮、全磷和全钾的累积量。  相似文献   

圆褐固氮菌、巨大芽孢杆菌复合菌肥的制作及应用效果     

姜明 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(28):15705-15706

[目的]研究复合菌肥对作物的效果。[方法]用圆褐固氮菌和巨大芽胞杆菌进行混合培养,其液体培养物制成2.4×109个/ml菌液,将原菌液分别稀释成3×108、6×108、9×108、1.2×109个/ml4个浓度。与清水对照,比较其对玉米生长的影响。同时,制备以圆褐固氮菌和巨大芽孢杆菌为单一菌种的单一菌剂,浓度为3×108个/ml,与等量等浓度的菌种混合培养物的菌肥对比,观察玉米生长情况。[结果]混合菌肥对植物的促进作用比单一菌肥明显。在混合菌肥的4种比例中,浓度为9×108个/ml剂量对玉米株高、干重、根长的促进效果最显著。[结论]微生物菌剂的使用可以为作物的进一步高产稳产打下基础。  相似文献   

Enhancement of Nodulation and Yield of Chickpea by Co-inoculation of Indigenous Mesorhizobium spp. and Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria in Eastern Uttar Pradesh     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):605-621

We study the effect of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 on nodulation, plant growth, yield, and nutrient content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions. A similar study has been conducted for nodulation and plant growth of chickpea in pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. The treatment combination of Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 and Pseudomonas fluorescens BHUPSB06 statistically significantly increased nodule number plant^–1, dry weight of nodule plant^–1, and root and shoot dry weights plant^–1 over the control under a glasshouse experiment. The maximum significant increase in nodule number, dry matter, and nutrient content were recorded in co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 and P. fluorescens BHUPSB06 followed by co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp., Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus megatrium BHUPSB14 over uninoculated control in a 2-year field study. Hence, co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. and P. fluorescens may be effective indigenous PGPR for chickpea production.  相似文献   

Growth,nutrient uptake and yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) enhance by Rhizobium and Azotobacter inoculations in saline soil     

Anvar Abdiev  Kristina Toderich 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2703-2714

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the effects of inoculations with Rhizobium and Azotobacter on the growth and yield of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties under saline (5.8 dS m^?1) arid condition. The single treatment of either Rhizobium or Azotobacter exhibited to promote the growth of chickpea to some level, however, co-inoculation produced more effects and increased the shoot dry weight (30.3 and 26.4%), root dry weight (17.5 and 26.3%), nodule number (79.1 and 43.8 piece per plant), nitrogen content in roots (9.62 and 10.9%), in shoots (12.6 and 8.3%) and seed protein (7.1 and 4.3%) in both Flip06-102 and Uzbekistan-32 chickpea varieties compared to the control. Our studies showed that the highest yield response of 429 (27.9%) and 538 (23.9%) kg?ha^?1 over the control was revealed by the co-inoculation with Rhizobium and Azotobacter inoculants in Flip 06-102 and Uzbekistan-32, respectively. A new introduced Flip 06-102 chickpea variety was more salt tolerant and had higher root nodulation than the local Uzbekistan-32 chickpea variety. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents in the shoots and roots were significantly (p?Rhizobium plus Azotobacter could be applied to improve the vegetative growth and yield of chickpea and to alleviate the effects of salt stress.  相似文献   

Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to incorporation of organic manure and bioinoculants     

Trilok Chand Gupta  S. K. Aggarwal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):615-627

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated use of farmyard manure and bio-inoculants on wheat productivity for two years in succession. Increasing levels of farmyard manure (FYM) up to 15 t ha^?1 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the dry matter accumulation, effective tillers per m row length, and grain weight per spike in both the years. Application of 15 t ha^?1 FYM caused significant increase in spikelets per spike and grains per spike over control and 5 t ha^?1 during two consecutive years. Inoculation with MSX-9 strain of Azotobacter chroococcum produced significantly higher dry matter accumulation to 25.63, 13.33, 7.78 and 23.66, 8.35, 5.50% over uninoculation, Azospirillum brasilense (SP-7) and Azospirillum lipoferum (A-5) at harvest during 1999–2000 and 2000–2001, respectively. Incorporation of 15 t ha^?1 FYM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced grain and straw yield to 62.45 and 38.05%; 56.66 and 36.28%; 59.42 and 37.52% over control in 1999–2000, 2000–2001 and pooled analysis, respectively. The grain and straw yield of wheat significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced to 26.51, 10.10, 7.54 and 14.45, 5.77, 3.16% through A. chroococcum (MSX-9), A. brasilense (SP-7) and A. lipoferum (A-5) over uninoculation.  相似文献