Sensitivity of four Yeasts to Fungicides and CO2 Concentrations and Their Antagonistic Ability in Combination with Fungicide to pathogenic Fungi in vitro     

TIAN Shi-ping  YAO Hong-jie  QIN Guo-zheng  XU Yong  FENG Xiao-yuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(3)

The yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii,Trichosporon pullulans,Rhodotorula glutinis and Trichosporon sp.were used to investigate their sensitivity to four fungicides and different concentrations of CO2,as well as their antagonistic ability to Penicilliumexpansum and Alternaria alternata in vitro when applied with fungicide.There were significant differences in sensitivity to the fungicides among the different yeasts(P = 0.05).R.glutinis was more sensitive to Deccocil,Iprodione and Stroby as compared to other yeasts.Combination antagonistic yeasts with fungicide could more significantly enhance biocontrol ability of the yeasts against the pathogenic fungi in vitro(P = 0.05).C.laurentii was the most effective antagonist among the four yeasts and could completely control spore germination of P.expansum and A.alternata when combined with Stroby at the concentration of 100 μL L-1.The yeasts,except R.glutinis,could grow well on nutrient yeast dextrose agar (NYDA) after 8 d incubation even at 20% CO2 concentration at 25℃.Particularly Trichosporon sp.showeda better adaptability to low temperature as compared to other antagonists.  相似文献   

Trichoderma harzianum produces nonanoic acid, an inhibitor of spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens     

Madhu Aneja  Thomas J. Gianfagna  Prakash K. Hebbar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,67(6):1647

An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai from an infected cacao pod produces and secretes nonanoic (pelargonic) acid into a liquid culture medium. Nonanoic acid (NA) was very inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens, Crinipellis perniciosa Stahel and Moniliophthora roreri Cif. H.C. Evans. It was highly active causing 75% inhibition of spore germination in an in vitro assay at a rate as low as 0.09 μM for M. roreri and 0.92 μM for C. perniciosa. Mycelial growth was comparatively less sensitive to inhibition, but still there was a 75% reduction in growth with 0.62 μM in M. roreri and 151 μM NA in C. perniciosa. In contrast, NA did not affect Trichoderma mycelial growth or spore germination at concentrations that were inhibitory to the pathogens. 6-pentyl-α-pyrone was also produced and secreted into the medium by T. harzianum, however; it was not antagonistic to the cacao pathogens. Although a number of metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. have been identified in the past, this is the first report of NA production and secretion by any Trichoderma. The results suggest that NA may play a role in the successful use of some Trichoderma spp. isolates in the biocontrol of fungal diseases of plants.  相似文献   

Biological control of the Western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae     

H. Azaizeh  Galina Gindin  O. aid  I. Barash 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):18-24

Biological control of the western flower thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis, using the entomopathogenicMetarhizium anisopliae-7 (M. a-7) strain was studied in three consecutive seasons under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants infested with WFT were sprayed with spore suspension of the fungusM. a-7 (0.5 g m^-2), or the soil was treated with dry powder of the fungus (0.5 g m^-2); the control was without fungus application. In the 1997 spring experiment, when the cucumber plants were initially infested with only three or four insects per leaf, the spore suspension spray caused a significant reduction in growth of the thrips population compared with the other treatments and the control. However, in the 1997 summer experiment, when the plants were initially heavily infested with WFT (10–15 insects per leaf), the spray treatment caused only a modest reduction in WFT population growth, and only after 4 weeks of treatment was the reduction significant. In the 1999 experiment, with a low initial WFT population of three or four insects per leaf, the spray treatment was effective in reducing the population growth to a lower level than in the other treatments or control. TheM. a-7 strain was found to be effective in reducing the population growth of WFT under greenhouse conditions, particularly when the initial thrips population was low to moderate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.  相似文献   

抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法筛选青枯病生防细菌   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

郭坚华  王玉菊 《植物病理学报》1996,26(1):49-54

 本研究首先用平皿抑菌圈法筛选出55个拮抗青枯菌的细菌菌株,将番茄幼苗在各菌菌悬液中浸根12h后栽种于温室未灭菌的土壤中,结果发现,有22个菌株在幼苗根部的定殖能力较强(终定殖密度大于104 cfu/g根),其中革兰氏阴性土壤细菌占同类菌的86.3%,革兰氏阳性土壤细菌占同类菌的13.0%,10个无致病力产细菌素的青枯菌菌株在根部的终定殖密度均低于104 cfu/g根,其定殖能力弱于致病青枯菌。有17个拮抗菌菌株在番茄幼苗根部的定殖密度超过所有致病菌。温室生防结果证明,抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法对于筛选生防菌株是一种行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

枯草芽孢杆菌抗菌物质对镰刀菌抑制机理的镜下研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

孔建  河野满 《植物病理学报》1998,28(4):337-340

 将枯草芽孢杆菌B-903菌株液体培养72h后,将培养滤液高温灭菌,以不同比例将培养滤液加入镰刀菌孢子悬浮液中,置于扫描电镜和光学显微镜下定时观察。在处理12h后,镰刀菌孢子芽管顶端、菌丝末端及菌丝中央的多处细胞均可发生畸形的球状结构,这种畸变结构随处理时间延长而增加,致使菌丝变成捻珠状。处理36h后,畸变球形细胞及菌丝纷纷断裂离解,细胞内含物渗出,致使大部分细胞成为空泡。到处理48h后,镜下几乎无完整菌丝,均成单个的球状细胞空泡,这些空泡最终胞壁崩裂,不复存在。笔者认为正是枯草芽孢杆菌在生活过程中分泌到体外的抗高温代谢物对镰刀菌孢子和菌丝细胞的这种畸变作用造成拖子和菌丝失活,侵染能力丧失。  相似文献   

柑橘溃疡病拮抗芽孢菌株的筛选及其控病作用     

易龙  马冠华 《中国果业信息》2012,41(4)

从柑橘根际土壤中获得192个细菌分离物，通过平板拮抗测试，筛选出对柑橘溃疡病菌（Xanthomonas axonopdis pv. citri）有较强拮抗作用的6个芽孢菌株，抑菌圈直径达12.0～25.0mm，其中菌株G32对柑橘溃疡病菌抑制效果最好，稳定性高；温室控病试验表明，菌株G32的控病效果最佳，提前喷施拮抗菌其预防效果达60.7%，接种溃疡病菌后喷施的治疗效果为53.2%；根据其形态特征、培养性状、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比对分析，将G32鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。  相似文献   

Combining endophytic fungi and bacteria for the biocontrol of Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne and for effects on plant growth     

Nancy P. Chaves  Luis E. Pocasangre  Fritz Elango  Franklin E. Rosales  Richard Sikora 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):472-478

Eight endophytic fungal and bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against Radopholus similis were evaluated in vivo for their individual and combined effects on biocontrol of R. similis and on the growth of “Grand Naine” cultivar banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Penetration efficiency (PE) of R. similis was between 3 and 21% in 29 biological agents (BAs) treatments, less than the 29% of the nematode-alone control (p ≤ 0.0001); 24 of the BAs treatments did not differ from the PE of 5% for a nematicide control. Twenty nine BAs treatments exhibited antagonistic activity against nematodes which reduced final population levels between 18 and 93%, relative to those on nematode-alone control plants (p ≤ 0.0001), and 14 BAs treatments were statistically similar to the nematicide treatment (88% reduction). Twenty four BAs treatments had increments of plant root biomass ranging from 20 to 58%, greater than the control plants; 37% of the treatments with single and combined BAs inoculations had root length increments ranging from 29 to 54% compared with control and chemical treatment. The nematicide, Terbufos 10GR, did not affect plant growth.  相似文献   

竹盲走螨、胡瓜钝绥螨对毛竹害螨的控制作用研究     

张艳璇  林坚贞  季洁  斋藤裕  张智强 《林业科学》2004,40(5):132-137

应用实验种群生命表数据分析毛竹林本土优势种竹盲走螨和引进种胡瓜钝绥螨对毛竹4种害螨南京裂爪螨、竹裂爪螨、竹缺爪螨、竹刺瘿螨的控制能力。结果表明①胡瓜钝绥螨取食上述4种害螨的世代存活率分别为90．4％、77．55％、87．93％、81．63％，每雌总产卵量分别为38．12粒、45．77粒、35．59粒、30．26粒，而乡土优势种竹盲走螨取食上述4种害螨的世代存活率分别为95．23％、100％、87．7％、80．48％，每雌总产卵量分别为44．5、46．8、41．15、20．1粒；②竹盲走螨以南京裂爪螨为猎物时其内禀增长率(0．155)与引进种胡瓜钝绥螨(0．154)相近，均明显高于南京裂爪螨(0．1089)；③竹盲走螨以竹裂爪螨为猎物其内禀增长率(0．152)与胡瓜钝绥螨(0．152)相同但明显低于竹裂爪螨(0．192)；④竹盲走螨以竹缺爪螨为猎物时其内禀增长率为(0．148)明显低于引进种胡瓜钝绥螨(0．175)和其猎物(0．185)；⑤竹盲走螨取食竹刺瘿螨易大量逃跑，雌螨产卵量低，引进种胡瓜钝绥螨取食竹刺瘿螨能正常生长发育，但是其内禀增长率(0．144)明显低于其取食上述其余3种害螨的内禀增长率，产卵量高于当地种竹盲走螨，并描述1998年以来每年5—6月助迁人工繁殖的胡瓜钝绥螨控制毛竹害螨蔓延的效果。  相似文献   

几种生防菌对烟草生长发育及其抗病性的影响     

邹 成李永忠  文国松等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(8):2356-2358

[目的]研究几种生防菌对烟草生长发育及其抗病性的影响。[方法]从云南曲靖烟区采摘的健康烟叶中筛选分离出3种生防菌株,分别命名为XGR、SHNA和FXJ,再将这3种菌种混合为复配菌剂,共4种生防菌同时应用于大田烟叶生产中。在采烤前测量其株高、茎围、叶片数、最大叶面积和赤星病发病率及病情指数。[结果]相对于空白对照处理,处理D施用复配菌剂,不接种病原的株高、茎围、叶片数和最大叶面积分别高13.21%、3.74%、6.15%和8.55%,其他施用生防菌的几个处理农艺性状也优于对照。赤星病发病率和病情指数最低的处理C,分别为16.5%和3.55,发病率和病情指数较低的分别是其他几种施用生防菌的处理。烟草产量最高的是处理D 2 468.21 kg/hm2,上等烟比例也最高,其他几种施用生防菌的处理也比空白处理高。[结论]这几种生防菌对烟叶的生长发育及抗赤星病等方面具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

黄麻链霉菌NF0919菌株对草莓枯萎病的生防活性初探     

陈宏州  庄义庆  杨敬辉 《江西农业学报》2014,(11):54-57

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了黄麻链霉菌NF0919发酵液对草莓枯萎病菌的室内毒力,并进行了防治草莓枯萎病的室内盆栽试验。结果表明:NF0919菌株发酵液和申嗪霉素对草莓枯萎病菌菌丝生长抑制的EC50值分别为24.3752和0.4001μg/mL;NF0919菌株发酵上清20倍液和1%申嗪霉素SC 800倍液药后30 d对草莓枯萎病的防效分别为65%和90%。  相似文献