两相分配(有机相-水相)生物反应器降解污染物的原理及应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任艳红  徐向阳 《中国沼气》2003,21(3):3-7

有毒有机污染物大多为人工合成的异生物合成物，具“三致”与生物难降解等特性，对环境和人类健康造成了严重的威胁。本文论述了两相分配生物反应器对有毒有机污染物的降解原理及其应用现状。该反应器基于热力学平衡原理，通过引入有机相，消除有机污染物对微生物的抑制作用，在快速降解污染物的同时实现体系的自控。现有研究表明。可高效降解苯、苯酚、BTX、多环芳烃等有毒有机污染物。此外，对该反应器的进一步研究与应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

利用专利微生物治理硝基苯和苯胺混合废水   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王中麟  宣志刚  黄京生 《东北林业大学学报》2006,34(4):97-99

利用专利微生物菌种,采用兼氧——好氧的生化法工艺流程,处理混酸硝化法生产硝基苯产生的硝化废水及硝基苯气相催化还原法生产苯胺产生的苯胺废水。  相似文献   

生物表面活性剂在石油污染土壤生物预制床修复中的应用研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

牛明芬  韩晓日  郭书海  李凤梅  牛之欣  冷延慧  杨雪莲 《土壤通报》2005,36(5):712-715

通过拮抗实验选用高效降解菌B2020,真菌F2006、F2008、F6、F9904、F9902进行互配,对生物预制床中的高凝油、稠油、特稠油、稀油进行处理,发现生物表面活性剂对石油的降解有促进降解作用,在90~120d降解率提高较大。如果空气温度较高,无论是否施用生物表面活性剂,石油的降解速率都得到了大幅度提高,平均提高幅度为15%左右。因此,生物修复应尽量选择在温度较高的季节进行。  相似文献   

一硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂的微生物降解   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

潘学冬  虞云龙  李少南  樊德方 《农药学学报》2001,3(2):73-76

在纯培养条件下测定了分离株 YF0 5对对硫磷等一硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂的降解作用。在接种量 (OD4 15nm)为 0.2、pH7.0、30℃条件下 ,测得 10、25、50、100、200、500 mg/L对硫磷的降解符合一级动力学特征 ,其降解速率常数分别为 0.077、0.123、0.128、0.119、0.084、0 .013,高浓度对硫磷对 YF05菌有抑制作用 ;分离株 YF05在不同温度及 pH下对对硫磷的降解作用为 40℃ >30℃ >20℃ ,pH8.0 >pH7.0 >pH6 .0。同样条件下 ,YF05对杀螟硫磷和甲基对硫磷也有较好的降解作用 ,对甲基对硫磷的降解速率常数与对硫磷相仿 ,对杀螟硫磷的降解速率常数略高于对硫磷。  相似文献   

大豆杀虫剂氧化乐果降解菌的分离     

李玉梅  王根林  于洪久  马凤鸣  杨慧  杜春梅 《大豆科学》2009,28(1)

采用富集驯化培养方法,从哈尔滨农药厂污水处理池的活性污泥中筛选获得2株能彻底降解氧化乐果的菌株.氧化乐果浓度为100 mg·L-1时,两株菌在1 d内可完成降解,氧化乐果浓度为400 mg·L-1时,两株菌在3 d内可完成降解,浓度在1 000 mg·L-1时7 d内可完成降解,浓度达2 000 mg·L-1时7 d内降解率可分别达到75.28%和72.42%;当农药浓度较高时,菌株生长速度表现为延后.降解谱实验表明:菌株具有较宽的有机磷农药降解谱;通过生理生化分析及16S同源性分析发现,这两株菌与假单胞菌属和气球菌属极其相似.  相似文献   

土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

邹德勋  骆永明  徐凤花  滕应  李振高 《土壤》2007,39(3):334-340

研究土壤环境中持久性有机污染物的生物降解及其生物修复技术是当今国际环境修复科学技术前沿领域的重要课题。本文重点论述了土壤环境中持久性有机污染物多环芳烃的微生物降解机理及其在生物修复中的应用等,并结合当前研究进展,展望了基于多种修复措施相结合的多环芳烃污染土壤联合生物修复工程技术的开发与应用前景。  相似文献   

Isotopic evidence and quantification assessment of in situ RDX biodegradation in the deep unsaturated zone     

S. Sagi-Ben Moshe  O. Dahan  N. Weisbrod  E. Adar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(8):1253-1262

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is an explosive compound whose extensive use has resulted in significant contamination of soils and groundwater worldwide. We studied its in situ biodegradation along the unsaturated zone beneath an explosives wastewater lagoon using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of RDX in the unsaturated zone, together with biodegradation slurry experiments under anaerobic conditions. We found the highest degradation potential of RDX and its nitroso derivatives in the upper part of the soil profile while in the lower parts, RDX-degradation potential was lower and the nitroso derivatives tended to persist. This was also observed in the field, as reflected by the isotopic composition of RDX along the profile. We also found a correlation between biodegradation potential and clay content: biodegradation was further enhanced in layers characterized by high-clay content or in those influenced by the high-clay layers. In addition, in the presence of high organic matter content, further enhancement of biodegradation was observed. We obtained different isotopic enrichment factors (?) for RDX biodegradation in different sections of the unsaturated profile and suggest that different degradation pathways exist simultaneously in situ, in variable proportions. Using the range of enrichment factors, we were able to assess the biodegradation extent of RDX at different sampling points along the profile, which ranged between 30 and 99.4%. The novel application of CSIA together with slurry experiments provides better insight into degradation processes that are otherwise difficult to detect and assess.  相似文献   

Loss of low molecular weight dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in H₂O and 0.5 M K₂SO₄ soil extracts     

Johannes Rousk  Davey L. Jones 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2331-2335

Soil extracts are routinely used to quantify dissolved organic nutrient concentrations in soil. Here we studied the loss and transformation of low molecular weight (LMW) components of DOC (¹⁴C-glucose, 1 and 100 μM) and DON (¹⁴C-amino acid mixture, 1 and 100 μM) during extraction of soil (0-6 h) with either distilled water or 0.5 M K₂SO₄. The extractions were performed at 20 °C, at 4 °C, or in the presence of an inhibitor of microbial activity (HgCl₂ and Na-azide). We showed that both glucose and amino acids became progressively lost from solution with increasing shaking time. The greatest loss was observed in H₂O extracts at 1 μM for both substances (>90% loss after 15 min). Lower temperature (4 °C) and presence of K₂SO₄ both resulted in reduced loss rates. The presence of microbial inhibitors effectively eliminated the loss of glucose and amino acids. We conclude that microbial transformation of LMW-DOC and DON during H₂O or K₂SO₄ extraction of soil may affect the estimation of their concentrations in soil. This finding has significant implications for methods that rely on chemical extractions to estimate LMW-C components of DOC and DON.  相似文献   

稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质和沥青质生物降解   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

李凤梅  郭书海  牛之欣  牛明芬  冷延慧  张春桂 《土壤通报》2006,37(4):764-767

以稠油为唯一碳源,从辽河油田石油污染土壤、渣油中,经富集培养,分离筛选出细菌菌株11株、真菌23株和放线菌10株。将在含油培养基上长势良好的菌株进行室内摇瓶实验,发现真菌的降解效果好于细菌,F2006的降解效果最好,14d去除率达到39.8%。在胶质和沥青质污染土壤中,观察真菌F4、F2008、F9902、F2006、F2017、F6和F9904在14d、28d和42d对胶质和沥青质的去除率,测试结果表明,菌株F2006和F2008降解效果较好,在42d时去除率分别达到55.73%和57.62%。两次实验说明,菌株F2006为降解胶质和沥青质的优势菌株,在生物修复中具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Water-extractable soil carbon in relation to the belowground carbon cycle   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

R. Jandl  P. Sollins 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(2):196-201

We investigated the role of water-extractable carbon (C-extr) as potential substrate for forest soil microorganisms by comparing belowground C fluxes at a plot with the forest floor removed (no-litter) and at a control plot. One-third lower soil respiration rates at the no-litter plot gave evidence that the forest floor was the source of considerable amounts of microbially degradable C. Laboratory incubation of C-extr, fractionated into neutral and acid moieties, showed that part of the C-extr was degraded rapidly, and that the high-molecular-weight acid fraction was much less degradable than the neutral C. To the extent that the degradable portion of the water-extractable C can be regenerated quickly, it may supply much of the substrate for heterotrophic soil respiration. Received: 11 December 1995  相似文献