土壤粒度和磁化率特征对绰墩古水稻土成因的指示     

李学林  李福春  杨梅  代静玉  陈国岩  杨用钊 《土壤》2019,51(6):1226-1231

本文研究了绰墩农业遗址P-02原状土剖面的粒度分布,定量分析了土壤黏粒的矿物组成,测定了土壤/沉积物及其各粒级组分(黏粒、粉砂粒、细砂粒和粗砂粒)的磁化率。结果表明：在0 ~ 30 cm和134 ~ 154 cm两层段,黏粒含量从下向上有降低的趋势,这可能预示着长期的水耕作业造成黏粒从表层向亚表层移动;在148 ~ 200 cm层段,土壤磁化率从下向上有降低的趋势,可能说明该处存在长期淹水的状况。总之,黏粒含量和质量磁化率数据说明长江下游地区的先民在马家浜文化时期已开始采用“水溽”方式进行水稻的栽培。  相似文献   

九宫山土壤剖面中黏土矿物的组成特征     

刘智杰  董雪  张志毅  黄丽 《土壤》2017,49(4):795-802

以湖北省九宫山的4种垂直地带性土壤为对象,研究其剖面层次的黏土矿物组合和铁、铝氧化物的特征,揭示山地土壤中黏土矿物的变化特点。结果表明,随海拔升高,土壤中黏土矿物类型从以高岭石为主,逐渐变为以14.0?矿物、伊利石及三水铝石为主,有从1︰1型向2︰1型矿物过渡的趋势;不同层次的土壤中黏土矿物类型和相对含量变化明显;土壤随垂直高程的升高,其中游离态铁、铝减小,非晶形和络合态铁、铝增加,各种形态铁、铝氧化物的总量也增加。  相似文献   

土壤透气性及粘土颗粒比表面积与粘土颗粒粒度分布分形维数关系     

胡小芳  胡大为  吴成宝 《土壤通报》2007,38(2):215-219

采用数字显微系统测定了部分华南地区土壤中粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值,提出了土壤中粘土颗粒群粒度分布分形维数的几何法计算模型,并就这种分形维数与土壤比表面积和土壤透气性等性质的相互关系作了初步探讨。结果表明,采用数字显微系统测定的粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值介于2.2708到2.9483之间,与常规方法测定结果吻合;含砂较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间随粒度分布分形维数值增大而减小;含粘粒较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间同随粒度分布分形维数值增大而增大。  相似文献   

青海省东部山区旱作农田土壤团聚体特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李月梅  徐仁海  曹广民 《土壤通报》2006,37(4):640-643

比较了青海省东部山区垂直梯度分布的三种旱作农田土壤(黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土),在0~60 cm土层的不同粒级土壤风干团聚体和水稳性团聚体含量间的差异,并结合其它土壤质量指标(有机质、粘粒)对不同土壤结构和抗侵蚀能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,>0.25mm风干团聚体、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量和土壤有机质含量与土壤类型间有密切关系。均表现为黑钙土>栗钙土>灰钙土。黑钙土和栗钙土的土壤有机质含量与>0.25mm水稳性团聚体间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05),灰钙土则无明显相关性;三种土壤粘粒含量与>0.25mm风干团聚体和0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量间无明显相关性。各项指标综合比较,三种土壤抗侵蚀能力大小为:黑钙土>栗钙土>灰钙土。  相似文献   

土壤细颗粒对有机质的保护能力研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

梁爱珍  张晓平  杨学明  方华军 《土壤通报》2005,36(5):748-752

本文主要综述了土壤细颗粒(<20μm或<50μm)对土壤有机质的保护能力,详细阐述了土壤储存细颗粒态有机质的能力模型及其意义,探讨了影响土壤细颗粒对有机质的保护能力的主要因素。  相似文献   

蒸发条件下粘土层对土壤水和溶质运移影响的模拟   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

李韵珠  胡克林 《土壤学报》2004,41(4):493-502

以土壤水和溶质运移的动力学原理为基础 ,采用数值模拟方法 ,研究了在浅层地下水和蒸发条件下含有粘土层土壤的水和Cl-的运移状况 ,重点探讨了两种粘土的层位和层厚对水和Cl-运移影响的差别及原因。研究结果表明 ,粘土层对土壤的水和溶质运移影响的程度 ,与层状土壤中该粘土及其组合土壤的水力学性质有关。本文模拟的重粘土 (简称Y粘土 )与轻壤土所组成的层状土壤 ,其基本情况为 ,随粘土层层位的升高和层厚加大 ,土壤水分蒸发和地下水补给速率降低 ,Cl-积累减少。而轻粘土 (简称R粘土 )与轻壤土所组成的层状土壤 ,由于它们的导水率曲线在压力水头h约 - 10 0 0cm处相交 ,当h低于此值时 ,R粘土的导水率就大于轻壤土的。因此 ,蒸发、补给速率和Cl-积累强度出现以顶位最高 ,甚至高于均质轻壤土 ,其次为底位 ,最低为中部层位的现象。在蒸发条件下Cl-在剖面中的积聚部位主要是土表。粘土层的存在 ,起到了阻滞作用 ,而阻滞程度则与该粘土水力学性质、层位、厚度和地下水埋深有关  相似文献   

Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting-drying cycles   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chao-Sheng Tang  Yu-Jun Cui 《Geoderma》2011,166(1):111-118

Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in clay layer. Four identical slurry specimens were prepared and subjected to five subsequent W-D cycles. The water evaporation, surface cracks evolution and structure evolution during the W-D cycles were monitored. The effect of W-D cycles on the geometric characteristics of crack patterns was analyzed by image processing. The results show that the desiccation and cracking behaviour was significantly affected by the applied W-D cycles: the measured cracking water content θ_c, surface crack ratio R_sc and final thickness h_f of the specimen increased significantly in the first three W-D cycles and then tended to reach equilibrium; the formed crack patterns after the second W-D cycle were more irregular than that after the first W-D cycle; the increase of surface cracks was accompanied by the decrease of pore volume shrinkage during drying. In addition, it was found that the applied W-D cycles resulted in significant rearrangement of specimen structure: the initially homogeneous and non-aggregated structure was converted to a clear aggregated-structure with obvious inter-aggregate pores after the second W-D cycle; the specimen volume generally increased with increasing cycles due to the aggregation and increased porosity. The image analysis results show that the geometric characteristics of crack pattern were significantly influenced by the W-D cycles, but this influence was reduced after the third cycle. This is consistent with the observations over the experiment, and indicates that the image processing can be used for quantitatively analyzing the W-D cycle dependence of clay desiccation cracking behaviour.  相似文献   

新疆北疆寒冷地区非烧土坯墙体材料力学性能的研究     

祝玲  王艳云 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(34)

对新疆北疆纯粘土、粘土中掺入一定量水泥、石灰和粉煤灰制成的材料试件进行试验,测试试件在不同配合比下的抗压、抗折强度及导热系数。研究不同含水率,不同掺量石灰、水泥和粉煤灰对混合材料的抗压、抗折强度、导热系数的影响。得到适合于强度高、保温性能好的非烧土坯墙体材料。  相似文献   

不同类型包膜控释尿素养分释放规律的比较     

闫素辉  卓主永  周波  杨洪芹  翟文杰  孙洁  张梦娟 《安徽农业科学》2011,(8):4665-4666

[目的]为包膜控释尿素在不同类型土壤中的应用提供参考。[方法]以硫包膜与树脂包膜控释尿素为材料,比较研究了它们在壤土与黏土中养分释放的规律。[结果]硫包膜尿素前期（10 d之前）养分释放速率显著高于树脂包膜尿素,而后期（30 d之后）养分释放速率则低于树脂包膜尿素,可见树脂包膜的控释效果较硫包膜好。2种包膜尿素在壤土中的养分释放速率均高于黏土,说明土壤类型对包膜控释肥料的养分释放有显著影响。[结论]树脂包膜尿素适于壤土和黏土类型中施用,硫包膜尿素较适于在黏土类型中施用。  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</Emphasis>: a new potential biocontrol agent of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis>, causal agent of potato brown rot     

N. A. S. Messiha  A. D. van Diepeningen  N. S. Farag  S. A. Abdallah  J. D. Janse  A. H. C. van Bruggen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):211-225

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the rhizosphere of eggplant in the Nile Delta of Egypt, and its antagonistic potential against Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causal agent of potato brown rot, was in vitro evaluated on KB agar medium and in vivo on potato plants. In vitro, four isolates of S. maltophilia (PD3531, PD3532, PD3533, and PD3534) appeared antagonistic. The isolate (PD3533) was screened as the most promising antagonist for the in vivo tests. In the greenhouse, the antagonist was applied directly to soil or by bacterization of potato eyepieces. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia significantly suppressed potato brown rot in Egyptian clay soil but not in Dutch clay soil. Survival of a rifampicin and chloramphenicol-resistant S. maltophilia strain PD4560 was investigated in two pairs of clay soils, conventionally and organically managed, from Egypt and the Netherlands. The survival of S. maltophilia was significantly less in Dutch than in Egyptian soils, while the converse occurred for R. solanacearum. These results are in agreement with those obtained in the in vivo biocontrol tests. In conclusion, S. maltophilia may be useful for control of brown rot in the area where it was originally isolated, the Nile Delta in Egypt.  相似文献