排序方式： 共有30条查询结果，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
Valérie Gravel Hani Antoun Russell J. Tweddell 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):457-462
The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml−1) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown
to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml−1) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml−1), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen.
In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml−1) and in unamended culture. 相似文献
2.
在17种载体中玉米粉玉米芯粉载体最适宜于 GVP 的生长和产孢。在灭菌土盆栽试验和田间小区试验中,用这种载体制成的菌粉单独或与低量 PCNB(每千克±10mg)联合防治出苗前和出苗后的杉苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)都是有效的,但后者优于前者。GVP 菌粉加到灭菌土壤中2周,它的群体数量增到10~8数量级,以后逐渐下降在10~5～10~6数量级之间波动;而 R.solani 的群体数量却急剧下降并保持在一个很低的水平。 相似文献
3.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):1-6
Abstract The effect of soaking on germination and occurrence of fungal infections on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seeds and germinants was studied in three commercial seed lots. Treatments in which seeds were soaked in water for 24 h or in which the water was changed during the soak did not have an effect on the species diversity or on the abundance of the fungi isolated from the seeds. Different fungi were found in different seed lots. Most of those isolated are saprophytic or weakly pathogenic, but pathogens such as Sirococcus conigenus (D.C.) P.F. Cannon &; Minter and Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link were also isolated. Soaking increased germination energy but had no effect on final germination percentage. The number of mouldy seeds and germinants with disease symptoms was different among seed lots when seeds were germinated on water agar. When germinated in low humified Sphagnum peat, no differences in the emergence of disease symptoms were observed among seed lots. The frequency of disease was lower in peat than in water agar. Soaking had no effect on disease emergence in germination trials on either water agar or in Sphagnum peat. 相似文献
4.
介绍了辣椒疮痂病、黑霉病、软腐病、病毒病、猝倒病和白绢病的危害症状、发病特点,指出防治这些病害应在种植抗病品种的基础上,加强栽培管理,提高植株抗病能力,采用以铲除菌源和药剂保护为重点的综合防治措施。 相似文献
5.
6.
松苗猝倒病不同病原物的致病性差异及其生防细菌的筛选 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从3个湿地松苗圃土壤中分离出了66株松苗猝倒病的致病真菌,63个菌株为镰孢属真菌,2个为链格孢菌,1个为丝核菌属真菌。对66个真菌菌株进行松苗猝倒病的致病性测定表明:12个真菌菌株为无致病性或弱致病性真菌,17个镰孢属菌株为强致病性真菌,其余37个为中等程度致病性真菌。从湿地松幼苗根系分离到了细菌菌株320株,平皿拮抗测定表明其中的10个菌株对松苗猝倒病病原真菌有强拮抗作用,对松苗猝倒病有较大的生防潜力。16SrDNA序列分析表明这10个生防菌株的分类地位分别是:7株为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,2株为枯草芽孢杆菌,1株为待定种。 相似文献
7.
Plants of the Brassicaceae contain glucosinolates, the hydrolysis products of which inhibit the growth of many soil-borne fungi that cause plant disease. However, amending soil with green manures of these plants gives inconsistent control of several soil-borne diseases, including those caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To identify factors that contribute to this inconsistency we investigated, in the laboratory and in pot experiments in the glasshouse, the saprophytic behaviour of R. solani AG2-1 (ZG5) in a sandy soil amended with various green manures. Fresh material from either Brassica napus var. Karoo, B. napus B1, B. napus B2, B. nigra, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (a brassicaceous weed) and the non-Brassicaceae species, oat (Avena sativa) or lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) was used at 10 or 100 g of fresh material kg−1 of dry soil in Lancelin sand. At 100 g kg−1 the volatiles of all green manures reduced the hyphal growth of R. solani, except for B. napus B1. D. tenuifolia at 100 g kg−1 inhibited the growth and sclerotial formation of R. solani. Most green manures at 10 g kg−1, and at 40% water holding capacity, stimulated the growth of R. solani for up to 3 months and increased the activity of other microbes. R. solani infected the brassicaceous plants when growing and colonized the residues mixed with soil at 10 g kg−1. This inoculum increased the severity of damping-off in canola, by 27%. Disease was particularly severe when the green manure species, except D. tenuifolia and oat, were grown in situ and residues returned to the pot from which they came, before sowing canola. There is a potential hazard in applying green manures of Brassica species as their residues can, under certain conditions, support the saprophytic activity of R. solani which increases damping-off in canola sown in the amended soils. 相似文献
8.
W.J. JungK.N. An Y.L. JinR.D. Park K.T. LimK.Y. Kim T.H. Kim 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(9):1261-1264
A bacterium having strong chitinolytic activity was isolated from a coastal soil in Korea and identified as Paenibacillus illinoisensis KJA-424 on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 16S rRNA gene. By activity staining after SDS-PAGE, three major chitinase bands with chitinolytic activity, approximate molecular weight of 63, 54 and 38 kDa were detected. On co-culture Rhizoctonia solani with KJA-424, abnormal swelling and deformation of R. solani hyphae were observed, where the release of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine was detected. The bacterium suppressed the symptom of damping-off cucumber seedlings caused by R. solani, in greenhouse trial. 相似文献
9.
D.P. Roberts L.F. McKenna S.L.F. Meyer J.T. de Souza J. Lydon J.S. Buyer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(9):2275-2288
Environmentally friendly control measures are needed for the soil-borne pathogen, Pythium ultimum. This pathogen can cause severe losses to field- and greenhouse-grown cucumber and other cucurbits. Live cells and ethanol extracts of cultures of the bacterium Serratia marcescens N4-5 provided significant suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum when applied as a seed treatment. Live cells of this bacterium also suppressed damping-off caused by P. ultimum on cantaloupe, muskmelon, and pumpkin. Culture filtrates from strain N4-5 contained chitinase and protease activities while ethanol extracts contained the antibiotic prodigiosin, the surfactant serrawettin W1, and possibly other unidentified surfactants. Production of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1 was temperature-dependent, both compounds being detected in extracts from N4-5 grown at 28 °C but not in extracts from N4-5 grown at 37 °C. Ethanol extracts from strain N4-5 grown at 28 °C inhibited germination of sporangia and mycelial growth by P. ultimum in in vitro experiments. There was no in vitro inhibition of P. ultimum associated with ethanol extracts of strain N4-5 grown at 37 °C. Prodigiosin, purified from two consecutive thin-layer chromatography runs using different solvent systems, inhibited germination of sporangia and mycelial growth of P. ultimum. Another unidentified compound(s) also inhibited germination of sporangia but did not inhibit mycelial growth. There was no in vitro inhibition associated with serrawettin W1. These results demonstrate that live cells and cell-free extracts of S. marcescens N4-5 are effective for suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum possibly due in part to the production of the antibiotic prodigiosin. 相似文献
10.
María-Soledad Benítez Dorith Rotenberg Mathew D. Kleinhenz Deborah Stinner Brian B. McSpadden Gardener 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(9):2289-2301
Multiple statistical analyses of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) data were used to screen and identify bacterial populations involved in general disease suppression in an organically managed soil. Prior to sampling three different management strategies (i.e. mixed hay (H), tilled fallowing and open-field vegetables production) were used during the transition from conventional to organic farming, with and without compost amendment. The H transition strategy consistently led to the lowest damping-off disease incidence on two different crops in separate greenhouse and field experiments. Bacterial population structure in bulk soil and the rhizosphere of both crops was characterized using T-RFLP analyses of amplified 16S rDNA sequences. First, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed changes in the relative abundance of bacterial terminal restriction fragments (TRF) in response to transition strategy and/or compost amendment in eight different experimental contexts. In each context, a different subset of TRF substantially contributed to the variation along the first two principal components. However, terminal restriction fragment M148 contributed significantly to the observed variation in 6 out of the 8 experiments, and moderately in the remaining 2 experiments. As a second approach, nonparametric analyses of variance revealed that the relative abundance of TRF differed among treatments. While the responsive subsets identified varied somewhat by experimental context, M137, M139 and M141 were more abundant in samples from the H transition strategy in multiple experimental contexts. Subsequent correlation analyses revealed that TRF associated with disease suppressive treatments (i.e. H with and without compost) were frequently negatively correlated with damping-off disease incidence. As a group, these TRF were disproportionately associated with lower disease levels further indicating their role in disease suppression. Interestingly, in silico analysis of the bacterial 16S rDNA sequence database revealed that the TRF identified in this study (e.g. M137, M139, M141, and M148) might correspond to well-characterized genera of bacterial biological control agents. 相似文献