Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India     

Silpi Chanda  Indira P. Sarethy  Biplab De  Kuldeep Singh 《林业研究》2013,24(4):801-808

The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi-versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biod...  相似文献   

Lethal effects caused by suspended particles and sediment load on zoospores and gametophytes of the brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia bicyclis</Emphasis>     

Hisayuki?ArakawaEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):133-140

ABSTRACT:   The effects caused by suspended particles in seawater and sediment cover of the substrate on the attachment to the substrate of zoospores, and on the subsequent growth and survival of gametophytes of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis were examined in the laboratory. The attachment rate to the substrate of the zoospores was remarkably reduced by the sediment cover on the substrate, and it decreased to 3.8% of the no-sediment control by a slight sediment cover of 3.0 mg/cm² (0.048 mm in thickness). The growth of gametophytes was not inhibited at 10 mg/cm² or less of sediment cover, though it was stopped at 30 mg/cm². The survival rate of gametophytes became 39.4% at 5 mg/cm² on the substrate, and gametophytes were all blighted at 30 mg/cm². The ratio of male to female of the surviving gametophytes became 81.5:18.5, when the sediment cover was 10 mg/cm². The rate of total loss ( TL [%]) of zoospores and gametophytes of Eisenia bicyclis was obtained from the following equation: TL  = 100 (1 − exp[−0.0339  C ] exp[−1.24  Q ]), where, C (mg/L) and Q (mg/cm²) indicate the concentration of suspended particles in seawater and the sediment on the substrate, respectively.  相似文献   

Toxicological effects of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in soil on earthworm Eisenia fetida     

C.W. Hu  M. Li  Y.B. Cui  J. Chen  L.Y. Yang 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(4):586-247

Nanoparticles (NPs) of TiO₂ and ZnO are receiving increasing attention due to their widespread applications. To evaluate their toxicities to the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) in soil, artificial soil systems containing distilled water, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 5.0 g kg⁻¹ of NPs were prepared and earthworms were exposed for 7 days. Contents of Zn and Ti in earthworm, activities of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage to earthworm, activity of cellulase and damage to mitochondria of gut cells were investigated after acute toxicity test. The results from response of the antioxidant system combined with DNA damage endpoint (comet assay) indicated that TiO₂ and ZnO NPs could induce significant damage to earthworms when doses were greater than 1.0 g kg⁻¹. We found that Ti and Zn, especially Zn, were bioaccumulated, and that mitochondria were damaged at the highest dose in soil (5.0 g kg⁻¹). The activity of cellulase was significantly inhibited when organisms were exposed to 5.0 g kg⁻¹ of ZnO NPs. Our study demonstrates that both TiO₂ and ZnO NPs exert harmful effects to E. fetida when their levels are higher than 1.0 g kg⁻¹ in soil and that toxicity of ZnO NPs was higher than TiO₂.  相似文献   

Rubber leaf litters (Hevea brasiliensis, var RRIM 600) as vermiculture substrate for epigeic earthworms, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Priyasankar S. Chaudhuri  T.K. Pal  Gautam Bhattacharjee  S.K. Dey 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):796-800

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The nature of eurytopy in polyploid earthworm species in relation to their use in biological soil amelioration     

T. S. Perel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,3(1-2):103-105

Summary Many of the most widely distributed species of Lumbricidae are polyploid. So far polyploid forms have been found to be distributed more widely than diploid ones. Taking Eisenia nordenskioldi as an example, it was shown that polyploids are able to occupy new ecological niches within the area of the diploid form. Ecological differences observed in representatives of different chromosomal races provide polyploids with the chance to coexist in one biocurrent, occupying different ecological niches.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov  相似文献   

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)     

A. J. Reinecke  J. M. Venter 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,3(1-2):135-141

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov  相似文献   

Interactions between Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) and nematode populations during vermicomposting     

Jorge Domínguez  Robert W. Parmelee  Clive A. Edwards 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(1):53-60

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Using process-based modelling to analyse earthworm life cycles     

T. Jager  S.A. Reinecke 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(1):1-6

To understand the life cycle of an organism, it is important to understand the physiological processes that govern growth and reproduction. In this paper, we re-analyse a life-cycle data set for the earthworm Eisenia veneta, using a process-based model. The data set comprises measurements of body size and cocoon production over 200 days, at two temperatures (15-25 °C) and two densities (five and 10 worms per container, but with the same worm:soil weight ratio). The model consists of a set of simple equations, derived from Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. The dynamics of growth and reproduction are simultaneously described by the model, using very few parameters (five parameters for four curves). This supports the use of this model for efficient analysis of earthworm life-cycle data, and to interpret the effects of stressors. However, there was considerable inter-individual variation in the response, hampering the interpretation of the temperature and density effects. A temperature increase corresponded to an increase in the rate constants for growth and reproduction (with the same factor), without affecting the other parameters, as expected from DEB theory. Changing the earthworm density hardly affected the growth curves, but had an unexpected effect on reproduction: at higher densities, the worms start to produce cocoons at a larger body size and the maximum reproduction rate was lower. This study confirms the use of DEB as a reference model for earthworms, and using this model, we can recognise that temperature has a predictable effect on the life cycle of E. veneta. Furthermore, this analysis reveals that the effects of density are less clear and may involve a change in energy allocation that requires further study.  相似文献   

Have spermatophores in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) any reproductive role?: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Fernando Monroy  Manuel Aira  Alberto Velando  Jorge Domínguez 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):526-529

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从新旧蚯蚓匀浆液中制备蚯蚓纤溶酶组分的比较研究     

刘泽民  赵晓瑜  刘彬彬  李冬  张锋  张冬  崔大岭 《河北农业大学学报》2006,29(6):95-98

为探寻从蚯蚓匀浆液中制备蚯蚓纤溶酶(EFE)的简便途径,利用亲和层析的方法,分别从新鲜制备的与多年存放的蚯蚓匀浆液中制备了新、旧蚯蚓纤溶酶(即新、旧EFE)。利用天然电泳、SDS-PAGE纤维蛋白活性电泳分析组分差异,通过纤维蛋白平板比较两者纤溶酶活性,发现蚯蚓匀浆液在存放过程中,EFE的部分组分发生降解,但EFE的比活却升高了1.4倍。  相似文献