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The equine endurance race involves both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms of the horse. The intense physical activity over an extended period often causes susceptible horses to develop metabolic signs or problems resulting in elimination from races. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a method for prediction and validation of a metabolic disorder index (MDI) to be used before endurance races. Three hundred seventy-five Arabian (n = 152) and Arabian cross (n = 223) endurance horses aged from 6 to 15 years and weighing between 350 and 450 kg were selected for the study in Malaysia. Blood samples were collected at pre- and post-race periods. The significant (P < .05) findings in horses with metabolic disorder were packed cell volume (0.50 ± 0.06 LL−1), creatine kinase (1,275.89 ± 121.45 UL−1), interleukin-6 (2.01 ± 0.89 ng/mL), decreased glutathione reductase (26.57 ± 3.95 ng/mL), and chloride (94.98 ± 8.12 mmol/L). A new method called MDI was developed as a predictor for horses with the potential to develop metabolic disorders in endurance races. The MDI indicated a higher value greater than 5.5 for those eliminated and lower value below 5.5 for those that completed the race successfully, this proved to be accurate in the prediction of metabolic disorder in endurance horses. The MDI is an innovative and simple method used as a prediction method that will assist the equine endurance society to reduce the rate of elimination and to safeguard against serious medical problems during endurance races in the tropics. 相似文献
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Training measures, particularly those that examine the interactions between training volume, speed, and recovery, can improve understanding of training practices that contribute to success and avoid adverse horse welfare outcomes in endurance competitions. This study describes the training of Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) 100–160 km level horses in New Zealand. A convenience sample of 16 participants and 25 horses were surveyed before commencement of training. Participants then reported daily data for an entire nine-month season of training and competition. Participants began their season with predetermined goals and individual training plans for each horse. They intended to use competitions for training. Competitions contributed a median of 44% [IQR, 36%–49%] of total accumulated distance (in training and competition) for each horse for the season, despite being only 11% (207/1,933) of all days worked. Most starts (80%) were in domestic-level (CEN) competition ≤80 km. Speed ranged from 2–18 km/hour on home training days to 6–18.5 km/hour in CEN competitions and 10.9–16.9 km/hour in FEI competitions. Horses were worked 34% [IQR, 21–38] of days in training, ranging from 12% to 55% for individual horses. The most common horse health problem was lameness, affecting 12/25 horses, for a median of 9 (range, 1–78) days. This study highlights the potential for CEN data as a resource to improve understanding of training and competition load, speed, and recovery and therefore reduce adverse horse welfare outcomes in FEI competitions. 相似文献
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Between 30% and 50% of the horses that start international endurance events, over distances of 100–160 km, are eliminated at the vet gates, although elimination rates vary in the different geographical areas and race categories. Elimination rates appear to have increased over recent years, which is a source of concern for the sport's ethics and image. Main reasons for elimination are lameness and metabolic disturbances, associated with dehydration and electrolyte disturbances, and with substrate depletion in active muscle fibers. Moreover, there are severe consequences of these metabolic derangements, including heat stroke, rhabdomyolysis, colic, kidney and liver insufficiency, laminitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The prevention starts with the selection of a fit, healthy horse, free of subclinical diseases. A proper training is one of the best and more secure ways to reduce the risk of these metabolic diseases. Considerations regarding the transport to the place of the event and acclimatization to the new environmental conditions (particularly if weather is hot and humid) should be taken into account. During competition, the control of fluid and electrolyte losses to avoid dehydration and heat accumulation, as well as the control of the substrate utilization to reduce muscle fibers depletion, are of pivotal importance. The management of race intensity is essential, and this can be done by obtaining the lactate aerobic threshold (lactate concentration of 2 mmol/L). Other strategies include ride management, according to the terrain and weather conditions, rider education to detect early signs of critical fatigue, and veterinary examinations. 相似文献
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K.K. Williamson M.D. Willard M.E. Payton M.S. Davis 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(2):285-288
Background: Omeprazole and famotidine both reduce severity of exercise‐induced gastritis, but administering famotidine is easier than administering omeprazole during racing competition. Hypothesis: Famotidine is more efficacious than no treatment in reducing severity of exercise‐induced gastritis; and high‐dose famotidine is more efficacious than omeprazole in reducing severity of exercise‐induced gastritis. Animals: Experiment 1: Randomized placebo‐controlled study, 36 sled dogs (3–8 years); Experiment 2: Randomized positive‐control study, 52 sled dogs (2–8 years). Methods: Experiment 1: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to famotidine (20 mg q24h) or no treatment groups. Gastroscopy was performed 24 hours after the dogs ran 330 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system. Experiment 2: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to omeprazole (20 mg q24h) or high‐dose famotidine (40 mg q12h) groups. Gastroscopy was performed 48 hours before and 24 hours after the dogs ran 300 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system. Results: Famotidine reduced the prevalence of clinically relevant, exercise‐induced gastric lesions compared with no treatment (7/16 versus 11/16, P= .031). Compared with high‐dose famotidine, omeprazole significantly decreased the severity (0.4 versus 1.2, P= .0002) and prevalence (2/23 versus 7/21, P= .049) of gastric lesions. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Although famotidine provides some benefit in the prevention of exercise‐induced gastric lesions, omeprazole is superior to famotidine in preventing gastritis in dogs running 300 miles. Routine administration of omeprazole is recommended to prevent stress‐associated gastric disease in exercising and racing Alaskan sled dogs. 相似文献
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为了探讨耐力运动对人体健康体适能的影响,采用查阅文献资料的研究方法,分析研究耐力运动对健康体适能的影响。结果显示,长期耐力运动可以提高人体心肺功能,肌肉力量以及肌肉耐力,增加身体柔韧性,降低体脂百分比。结论是长期耐力运动对人体健康体适能有良好的影响。 相似文献