华南农业大学农事训练课程的理论与实践——以养蚕与缫丝课为例     

黄志君 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(20)

以养蚕与缫丝课程模块为例,对其课程内容安排、教学特点、考核方法进行分析,并对其所面临的问题展开探讨,旨在为进一步提高相关实践教学效果提供借鉴。  相似文献   

1961—2010年东北农作区春小麦需水量的时空变化特征     

姜雨林  尹小刚  王猛  文新亚  田家瑞  胡惠杰  陈阜 《中国农业大学学报》2015,20(5):24-30

利用东北农作区58个气象站点1961—2010年的逐日气象数据,基于Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)模型分析气候变化背景下东北农作区春小麦生育期内作物需水量(Crop evapotranspiration,ETc)和灌溉需要量(Evapotranspiration of applied water,ETaw),以及典型站点春小麦的灌溉需求指数(Irrigation demand index,IDI)的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年来,东北农作区日平均温度呈显著上升趋势,平均降水量下降趋势不明显,平均太阳辐射及作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势。春小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需要量呈下降趋势,其分布均表现为西多东少。50年来春小麦作物生育期需水量下降主要集中于松辽及兴安岭南部地区,东部地区变化趋势不明显;生育期灌溉需要量下降集中于松辽及兴安岭地区,三江平原地区略有增加,长白山地区多年保持平稳。  相似文献   

Managing secondary dryland salinity: Options and challenges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David J. Pannell  Michael A. Ewing 《Agricultural Water Management》2006,80(1-3):41-56

Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the stored salt and causing adverse impacts on farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salt-tolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed, with mixed but somewhat disappointing findings regarding their suitability for addressing salinity. However, there are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plant-based management of salinity, and these are described.  相似文献   

Towards sustainable farming systems: Effectiveness and deficiency of the French procedure of sustainable agriculture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mohamed Gafsi  Bruno Legagneux  Genevive Nguyen  Patrice Robin 《Agricultural Systems》2006,90(1-3):226-242

There is a widespread consensus about the importance of sustainable agriculture. In France, the Farming Orientation Law of July 1999 has set down a precise procedure for the implementation of sustainable agriculture: the contrat territorial d’exploitation – or territorial farm contract (TFC). This paper aims to analyse the TFC effectiveness. An analysis has been made of the TFCs signed in the Midi-Pyrenees Region in south-western France, using statistical analysis and qualitative surveys of a sample of farms. The results show that the most valuable effects have been mainly economic. Effects regarding social and environmental aspects were very limited. But from the point of view of an integrated approach, indirect effects of TFCs can be observed on social and environmental aspects. These results are explained, on the one hand, by farmers’ motivations guided by economic objectives, and on the other hand, by the dominance of professional farming organisations in the implementation of TFC’s procedure. Given these results, two ways of improving the elaboration procedure for TFCs are proposed. Firstly, technical improvements can be made to the diagnostic assessment of farms, and to the choice of actions addressed by the contract. Secondly, organisational improvements can be applied to TFCs elaboration and implementation process, in order to adopt a participatory approach which would involve all rural stakeholders.  相似文献   

Linking water market functioning, access to water resources and farm production strategies: example from Pakistan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jean-Daniel Rinaudo  Pierre Strosser  Thierry Rieu 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1997,11(3):261-280

As a response to inadequacy in canal water supplies, farmers in Pakistan have invested in private tubewells to control irrigation water resources. Also, they participate in surface water and groundwater markets that take place within tertiary units of the irrigation system.The present paper describes the functioning and organization of these water markets, using information collected in sample watercourses of the Fordwah Branch irrigation system, South-Punjab, Pakistan. The variability in type and intensity of water markets is investigated with regard to access to water resources and farm production strategies and constraints.  相似文献   

农牧业实行家庭承包经营的比较分析     

许小宁 《青海草业》2012,21(1):39-41

本文通过对农牧业（种植业和养殖业）中实行家庭承包经营责任制的比较分析,旨在阐明在畜牧业中实行草畜分包经营的合理性。联系实际提出了几点措施。  相似文献   

农牧交错地区沙漠化土地整治与开发利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨泰运  李启森 《干旱区资源与环境》1994,8(2):77-86

本文从自然条件的特点和生产的实际出发，对农牧交错地区沙漠化土地的整治模式与技术及其开发利用的前景作了较为详细的论述。提出这一地区沙漠化土地的整治必须与开发利用相结合；与农牧林业生产的实际相结合。在整治中开发，在开发中整治，才能达到既整治环境又发展生产的目的。  相似文献   

机插稻大田耕整质量与稻草还田技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶厚专  药林桃  周韧金  曹晓林  何小金  廖禺  万鹏 《江西农业学报》2009,21(7):35-37

大田试验结果表明:在确保规范化、标准化育秧的前提下,机插早稻大田田面平整度应小于3.0 cm,才能较好地保证机插质量;二晚机插大田稻草还田量应控制在80%以内,并结合施入适量氮素,加速稻草分解。  相似文献   

Interrelationships between herd management practices and udder health status using canonical correspondence analysis     

B. Faye  F. Lescourret  N. Dorr  E. Tillard  B. MacDermott  J. McDermott 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1997,32(3-4):171-192

The relationships between the herd-level distribution of udder health measures (traumatic, physical, functional and congestive udder disorders, clinical mastitis and somatic cell counts (SCC) greater than 400 × 10³, ml⁻¹) and farm (general hygiene, milking practices and housing system) and aggregated individual characteristics were studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). This is a correspondence-analysis technique in which the axes representing disease patterns are expressed as linear combinations of potentially explanatory variables. These main axes can be drawn so that the distribution of diseases for combinations of the main-explanatory managerial variables can be visualized. The type of quarantine for newcomers, type of animal housing, presence of shelter at pasture, use of udder towel before milking, milk production and loss of body condition after calving, were strongly correlated with udder health status. Mastitis and physical udder disorders were associated with the combination of no introduction of replacement heifers and low loss of body condition after calving. Congestive disorders were more common on farms when no quarantine for newcomers was combined with high loss of body condition after calving. Higher clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence risks were associated with the combination of no udder towel, loose housing with high animal density and high milk production. In most cases, clinical mastitis and high SCC were explained by the same covariates but with contrasting levels of those covariates.  相似文献   

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement     

Amare Haileslassie  Don Peden  Solomon Gebreselassie  Tilahun Amede  Katrien Descheemaeker 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):33-40

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.  相似文献