Changes in the properties of a Mexican Fluvisol following 30 years of sugarcane cultivation     

J. Naranjo de la F.  S. Salgado-Garcí  a  L.C. Lagunes-Espinoza  E. Carrillo-Avila  D.J. Palma-L  pez 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):160-167

A study to evaluate the changes in the fertility of Fluvisols under continuous cultivation of sugarcane was conducted in the vicinity of the Santa Rosalía sugar refinery. About 4000 ha of Fluvisols have been under sugarcane cultivation for more than 30 years. Three representative plots under monoculture for 5, 10, 20 and 30 years, were selected under on-farm conditions. Several samples were obtained from crop row and inter-row zones, at 0–30 cm soil depth, and composited into four samples for each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, total organic C, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, cation exchange capacity, texture and bulk density. There were significant changes in the soil chemical properties due to 30 years of monoculture, except for OM, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and CEC. Total soil organic C, total N and P declined by 17, 21 and 37%, respectively, by 30 years of monoculture of sugarcane. These losses mainly occurred during the first 20 years of cultivation. However, the adverse effect of decline in soil fertility was not reflected in the sugarcane yields. The 67% increase in yields observed between 5 and 30 years of monoculture may be attributed to the adoption of recommended cultural practices and to farmer's experience. Soil physical properties were not affected by the intensive sugarcane cultivation. A complete adoption of recommended practices by SR among farmers and a revision of the N and P fertilization rate are necessary to maintain the fertility of sugarcane soils.  相似文献   

Soil and Rice Responses to Phosphate Fertilizer in Two Contrasting Seasons on Acid Sulfate Soil     

De Ngoc Nguyen  Truc Thanh Nguyen  Quy Ngoc Tran  Tuong Phuc To  Dung Van Tran 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(6):615-623

Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are characterized by low pH, aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe) toxicity and are typically deficient in phosphate (PO₄). The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer could help reduce the level of exchangeable Al and Fe, thereby improving the rice growth and yield. Five levels of P (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)/ha) were tested with rice varieties MTL560 in the wet season and MTL480 in the dry season. The optimum rate of P was 60 kg P₂O₅/ha for rice in the dry season and 80 kg P₂O₅/ha in the wet season. Soil testing showed at the start of the season that there was sufficient P in the soil. At the end of the season there was a reduction in soil Al and Fe in plots that had P rates above 40 kg P₂O₅/ha. It is therefore likely that P application reduced Al and Fe toxicity through precipitation and formation of Al-P and Fe-P compounds, which boasted yield, rather amending a soil P deficiency.  相似文献   

MYCORRHIZAL INFLUENCE ON FRUIT YIELD AND MINERAL CONTENT OF TOMATO GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1311-1323

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yields are known to decrease for plants grown in saline soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and mineral content of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive tomato cultivars grown with varied levels of salt. NaCl and CaCl₂were added to soil in the irrigation water in equal molar ratios to give EC_e values of 1.4 (nonstressed) and 4.9 dS m^?1 (salt stressed). Plants were grown in a greenhouse using unsterilized, low phosphorus (P) (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Mycorrhizal root colonization occurred whether cultivars were salt stressed or nonstressed, but the extent of AMF root colonization was higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants. The salt tolerant cultivar ‘Pello’ generally had higher AMF root colonization than the salt sensitive cultivar ‘Marriha’. Shoot dry matter (DM) yield, fruit fresh yield, and AMF colonization were higher for plants grown under nonstressed than for plants grown under salt stressed conditions. Shoot DM and fruit fresh yields were higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown with or without salt stress. Pello generally had higher fruit fresh yield per plant and fruit weight than Marriha, but these differences were only significant for fruit weight in unioculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions. The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively. For both cultivars, fruit contents of P, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were higher in AMF inoculated compared with uninoculated plants grown under nonstressed and salt stressed conditions. Fruit Na concentrations were lower in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions. The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu, and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Marriha than in Pello cultivar under salt stressed conditions. The results of this study indicated that AMF inoculated plants had greater tolerance to salt stress than unioculated plants.  相似文献   

Contribution of nitrification and denitrification to nitrous oxide emissions in Andosol and from Fluvisol after coated urea application     

Yoshitaka Uchida  Isabell von Rein  Hiroko Akiyama  Kazuyuki Yagi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):46-55

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Survival of inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum in an Andosol     

M. K. Menyah  K. Sato 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,23(2):105-109

The survival of an antibiotic-resistant mutant of a commercial inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain, A1017ks, was studied in a volcanic ash soil (Andosol) in comparison with a non-volcanic ash soil (Fluvisol) over a period of 84 days. In a non-sterile soil system, the population decline in the Andosol (15% or 1.2 log units) was larger than in the Fluvisol (6% or 0.54 log units). In both soils, however, the inoculant bradyrhizobium survived at fairly high population levels after the period of incubation [10⁶ and 10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU) g^-1 dry soil in the Andosol and Fluvisol, respectively]. In sterile control soil, viable bradyrhizobium cells could not be detected after 1 week of incubation in the Andosol, whereas in the Fluvisol population of introduced bradyrhizobium was maintained throughout the period of incubation. Overall changes in the population of indigenous bacteria and fungi were also monitored. However, no clear pattern of interaction between the inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the indigenous microbes could be identified. The antibiotic-resistant mutant maintained its resistance in the Fluvisol throughout the 3-month period of incubation, making it a useful model for conducting ecological studies in the soil.  相似文献   

Chronology of anthropedogenesis in the Omiya tableland,Japan, based on a 14C age profile of humic acid     

Shokichi Wakabayashi  Hiroyuki Matsuzaki  Yosuke Miyairi  Maki Asano  Kenji Tamura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):737-749

Volcanic ash soils along the western edge of the Omiya tableland, Japan, are covered with thick anthropogenic soil horizons. The formation of anthropogenic soil horizons occurs because of the soil dressing practice known as “Dorotsuke,” where alluvial soil materials are deposited on fields and mixed with volcanic ash topsoil by tillage over the years. To clarify the chronology of this anthropedogenesis, carbon-14 (¹⁴C) age profiles were estimated using humic acid fractions from three pedons: an anthropogenic soil, an undressed Andosol, and a Fluvisol. Soil charcoal fragments were also dated to estimate maximum burial age. Charcoal fragments displayed vertically random age distributions, indicating that the fragments may have had multiple origins. However, the age of charcoal in the lower part of the anthropogenic soil horizons indicated that the initiation of anthropedogenesis occurred later than the late 13th century. The ¹⁴C age profile of humic acid in the Andosol exhibited little variation in age with depth in the subsoil. The ¹⁴C age profile of humic acid in the Fluvisol suggested that the humic acid fraction included allochthonous old carbon (C), although the soil itself had been formed from recent sediments. The ¹⁴C age profile of humic acid in the anthropogenic soil showed features of its two component soils. The ¹⁴C ages in the volcanic ash subsoil matched with those in the Andosol, whereas the ages increased in the anthropogenic soil horizons because of supplementation with old C from alluvial soil materials. However, the peak ¹⁴C ages occurred in the lower part of the anthropogenic horizons, whereas the middle part on the peak position displayed a gradual age-depth gradient. This feature was interpreted as a sign of ¹⁴C activity equilibrium throughout anthropedogenesis. On the basis of this postulated ¹⁴C activity equilibrium, the linear age-depth gradient at the peak position was derived from differences in burial time, and burial ages were calculated by estimating steady-state ¹⁴C. The calculated ages were lower than the charcoal ages. These age estimates suggest that anthropedogenesis was initiated in the Middle Ages and reached an intermediate stage before or during the first half of the Edo period.  相似文献   

Investigating Soil Factors Responsible for the Problematic Growth Of 51 Olive (Olea Europαea L.) Cultivars in an Alluvial Soil of Northern Greece     

Stefanos Stefanou  Nikolaos Koutinas  Nikitas Karagiannidis  Agapi Z. Papazafeiriou  Christos Lakis  Iordanis Osmantzikidis 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(5):604-614

Fifty-one (51) olive cultivars (six trees per cultivar) were planted in an alluvial soil of an experimental field in Northern Greece for study of their growth. Soil is sandy loam (SL) - loamy sand (LS), moderately alkaline and presents no salinity or alkalinity. Despite the applied agronomic practices, i.e., soil fertilization, irrigation, and pest control, about half of the trees did not respond positively to the field conditions, while the remaining ones showed low to moderate growth based on measurements of height and crown diameter. Soil and leaf tissues analysis as well as penetration resistance (PR) measurements showed that olive trees' growth problems could be attributed to a combination of high PR values (>3 MPa) and to a certain degree to low fertility (especially nitrogen and potassium deficiencies). Under the prevailing soil conditions, the most resistant olive cultivars proved to be Dafnolia, Maronia, Oblonca, Ascolana, and Frantoio.  相似文献   

Dissolved reactive phosphorus in a Calcaric Fluvisol as affected by the addition of agricultural wastes     

N. López-Martínez  A. del  Olmo J. Torrent 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(1):74-80

Abstract. Land application of organic wastes can result in the accumulation of available soil phosphorus (P) and in an increase risk of eutrophication of surface and shallow groundwaters. We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effect of waste application on the concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in 1:5 soil to 0.005 m CaCl₂ suspensions. Ten organic wastes, of which eight were mature composts, were applied to a P-rich Calcaric Fluvisol at rates ranging from 0 to 10% of soil by weight, and the difference in DRP concentration between suspensions containing waste and the untreated control (ΔDRP) was measured over a period of 300 days. In half of the suspensions of each waste–soil combination, 80 mg P (as KH₂PO₄) kg⁻¹ soil was applied at day 14. Values of ΔDRP were generally positive, but a significant number of negative values were also recorded for some wastes and application rates, particularly at later sampling times if inorganic P had been added. Regression analyses revealed that ΔDRP (i) increased with increasing soluble reactive P at all times and (ii) increased in the short term, but decreased in the long term with increasing water soluble organic carbon in the waste. The fact that ΔDRP was sometimes negative for some waste types suggests that application of organic waste to soil does not necessarily increase eutrophication risks caused by soil P losses.  相似文献   

Burn Effects on Soil Aggregate Stability and Water Repellency of Two Soil Types from East and North Tunisia     

Khaled Ibrahimi  Jake Mowrer  Roua Amami  Abdelhamid Belaid 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(7):827-837

To date, evidence of the potential effects of burning practices on soil properties in Tunisia is limited. In order to address this issue, we carried out laboratory investigations of the effects of burning on soil aggregate stability (AS) and water repellency (WR) of a clayey and a sandy loam Fluvisol soils. The treatments included low (100°C, LT), medium (300°C, MT) and high (600°C, HT), heating temperatures. Unburned (0°C, UB) soil samples were used as a control. Two breakdown mechanisms, fast wetting (FW) and mechanical breakdown (MB), were used for the measurement of AS. The latter is expressed by calculating the mean weight diameter (MWD). The water drop penetration time (WDPT) was used to evaluate the soil WR. The results showed that the unburned clayey and sandy loam soils are poorly aggregated. The HT and MT treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased MWD of both soils, compared to UB samples, following the FW stability test. A lesser increase of MWD was observed with the MB test. The LT treatment did not significantly (p < 0.05) affect the soils AS. For the unburned clayey soil, the FW and MB tests gave significantly (p < 0.05) different MWDs . In contrast, the unburned sandy loam soil had similar MWDs under both tests. As for water repellency, the sandy loam soil was initially wettable and the clayey soil slightly water repellent. Burning treatments did not affect the sandy loam soil behavior but caused a decrease of clayey soil WR.  相似文献