甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘庆庭  区颖刚  卿上乐  王万章 《农业机械学报》2007,38(8):78-81

为了研究收割机单圆盘根切器运动、几何参数对甘蔗切割质量、收获损失的影响,使用ObjectARX在AutoCAD平台上建立根切器虚拟样机,对其工作过程进行了研究。研究表明:切割过程中存在多刀切割和重复切割甘蔗现象,该现象通过高速摄影试验得到了验证。给出了甘蔗受到多刀切割和重复切割刀数的计算公式,出现多于两刀切割的现象主要是由于刀盘转速、收获机前进速度和刀片数之间的匹配问题,是可以避免的。刀片安装角度影响刀片切入甘蔗所经历的路程,并且相当于改变了实际切入甘蔗的刀片厚度。甘蔗和根切器的相对位置影响根茬与刀片之间的作用力。  相似文献   

小型棉花收获机的设计     

任丰兰 《安徽农业科学》2014,(17):5693-5694

结合常德市的棉花收获情况,设计了一种小型的棉花收获机械。对该机械的机箱、吸棉管,抽风机采摘头4部分设计过程进行了翔实描述。按该方案研制出的样机采棉效果好,因此该机械具有携带和操作方便、收获速度快等优点,有推广前景。  相似文献   

Variability in soils and vegetation associated with harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) nests on a Chihuahuan Desert watershed     

Walter G. Whitford  Rudolfo DiMarco 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1995,20(3):169-173

The effects of harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) nests on the density and cover of spring annual plants and on soil characteristics were measured at three locations characterized by different soils and dominant vegetation on a desert watershed. There were few differences in vegetation and soils associated with harvester ant nests at locations at the base of the watershed where brief periods of flooding and sediment deposition occur at periodic intervals. At mid-slope locations, there were significant increases in total nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and cover (biomass) of four species of spring annuals at the edges of nest disks when compared with reference sites. The spring annuals that exhibited increased cover were species that increase biomass as a function of available nitrogen. At a clay-loam, Scleropogon-Hilaria, grassland site, there were significant reductions in the concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, significant increases in nitrate and total nitrogen, but a significant increase in cover in only one species of annual plant. The data demonstrate that the effects of ants on soil properties and vegetation vary with site location and soil type.  相似文献   

The spatial distribution of diversity between disparate taxa: Spatial correspondence between mammals and ants across South Florida,USA     

Allen  Craig R.  Pearlstine  L.G.  Wojcik  D.P.  Kitchens  W.M. 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(5):453-464

Gap Analysis takes a proactive landscape-level approach to conserving native species by identifying nodes of high biological diversity. It uses vertebrate species richness as an index of overall biological diversity. However, it remains unknown whether or not the spatial distribution of vertebrate diversity corresponds with the diversity of other taxa. We tested whether landscape-level diversity patterns corresponded between a vertebrate and an invertebrate taxon, mammals and ants, across the southern half of the Florida peninsula, USA. Composite digital maps with a 30-m spatial resolution were produced for each taxon. Spatial correspondence between the taxa was determined by normalizing and then subtracting the composite maps. There were large areas of spatial correspondence – indicating that richness between mammals and ants was similar over much of southern Florida. However, spatial correspondence occurred where the richness of both taxa was low or moderate, and areas with the highest species richness (highest 20%) for each taxon, the explicit focus of Gap Analyses, corresponded over only 8752 ha. Gap Analysis provides a much needed assessment of landscape-level diversity patterns and proactive reserve design, but it must be explicit that the results are applicable for vertebrate diversity, which does not necessarily correspond with diversity patterns of other taxa. The two taxa investigated differ by orders of magnitude in the scale that they perceive their environment, and it is likely that diversity hotspots vary as the scale of investigation – and the taxa mapped – vary.  相似文献   

基于ADAMS的采伐联合机臂系运动学仿真分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

葛安华  陶鹏  李权章 《森林工程》2012,28(2):33-37

对于多自由度机器人的运动学分析,一般采用D-H方法,但其计算复杂,准确度不高。采用先进的运动学分析软件ADAMS,对设计的采伐联合机臂系建模并进行运动学分析,研究采伐机在工作过程中整个臂系的运动状况,以及伐木头的运动轨迹和速度的变化情况,为研究采伐联合机臂系是否会发生干涉碰撞和样机的调试奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

Seed removal by ants,birds and rodents in a woodland savanna habitat in Zimbabwe     

《African Zoology》2013,48(1):295-299

Seed removal from bait stations was studied in miombo habitat in western Zimbabwe. Previous studies of seed predation in southern Africa have largely been conducted in desert ecosystems. However, this woodland-savanna habitat is more mesic and has relatively predictable rainfall patterns. The experiment was conducted in grassy and woody microhabitats in the hot, dry season and early wet season, and followed a year in which precipitation was 69% of the long-term average. Birds removed the greatest quantity of seeds, followed by ants and then rodents. Previous studies in northern hemisphere mesic environments emphasize the importance of rodents and minor role of invertebrates in seed predation. Although our site appears to have more in common with southern hemisphere desert sites than with northern hemisphere mesic sites, we recognize thatour results are likely to reflect a lower limit of consumption by rodents.  相似文献   

A synthesis on the impact of non-native conifer plantations on ant and beetle diversity in north-western Patagonia     

《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):285-291

Softwood forestry with non-native tree species is increasing worldwide and especially in many developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere. Tree plantations are beneficial in environmental and socioeconomic aspects, but at the same time there are recognised costs associated with afforestation. Our aim was to revise the existing information on the impact of exotic conifer plantations in north-western Patagonia on insect biodiversity. A total of five studies were selected and, in these, not every insect group responded in a similar manner to the habitat replacement. There was a tendency towards a reduction in abundance and species richness of several insects inside pine plantations. This change in abundance and richness was especially evident for ant assemblages and when pine plantations were dense. Beetle assemblages, in turn, showed diverse responses to the replacement of native vegetation with forests depending on the native habitat matrix. Our findings confirm that practices that reduce tree density (via thinning or during plantation) should be recommended to minimise their impact on insect biodiversity in north-western Patagonia. The consistent behaviour of ant assemblages, coupled with their abundance, ease to sample and unambiguous taxonomy make them reliable candidates for long-term monitoring of the impact conifer forestation in north-western Patagonia, as well as probably in other regions of the world in which non-native pines replace natural environments.  相似文献   

伐木联合机间伐作业性能和时间研究     

张沂泉 《森林工程》1999,(5)

本文介绍了伐木联合机间伐针叶林的时间研究过程和方法。通过欧洲赤松和落叶松的间伐试验、测量了单株作业时间和各动作时段比例。得到(?)SA250EVA型伐木联合机的生产能力为每小时57～68株或6.8～8.5m~3分析不树种、林木胸径及作业方式对伐木联合权作业性能的影响,作业评估表明,伐木联合机生产率高、工作条件舒适安全。对林木和林地捐伤小,适合在针叶林间伐中使用。  相似文献   

青贮玉米收割机试验推广初探     

潘德明 《农机具之友》2010,(5):32-34

试验推广青贮玉米收割机。对上海市奶牛业的发展起着巨大的作用。通过调查研究,在选型、引进有代表性青贮玉米收割机进行对比试验的综合分析基础上,简述了青贮玉米收割机试验推广的成功做法,提出了应用推广对策。  相似文献   

云南大理苍山及邻近地区蚂蚁的物种多样性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨忠文  徐正会  郭萧  史胜利  陈龙官 《西南林学院学报》2009,29(6):47-52

采用样地调查法揭示了大理苍山及邻近地区蚂蚁物种的多样性规律。该地区蚂蚁丰富度在我国处于中等水平,其物种数、多样性和均匀度基本符合山地蚂蚁多样性分布规律,即随着海拔上升而降低,优势度的规律正好相反,但在山体中部的蚂蚁群落拥有更高的多样性和均匀度;该地区多数蚂蚁物种具有明显趋阳性生境特点,其个体密度在郁闭度较低的针叶林内较大;蚂蚁群落间差异显著,但是相邻的同一植被间表现出较大的群落相似性,生境的多样化和植被的差异性促成了蚂蚁群落的多样性．  相似文献