延边地区紫苏保护技术的研究     

吴明根  吴松权  杜晓军  崔锡花  曹凤秋 《延边大学农学学报》2004,26(3):158-165

紫苏是延边地区的重要经济作物之一．但目前随着种植年限的延续，开始大量发生虫害、病害以及草害等，从而导致减产、降效，严重影响苏子生产．研究结果表明，延边紫苏地适宜土壤处理的除草剂为敌草胺与扑草净的混剂，使用剂量为3kg／hm^2 5kg／hm^2，一年生杂草除草效果可达到90％以上；茎叶处理除草剂为拿捕净(12．5％，1．0kg／hm^2)、稳杀得(35％，1．0kg／hm^2)、精禾草克(5％，1．0kg／hm^2)；紫苏的主要病害为锈病，对紫苏叶片质量影响较大；主要食粒虫害(待定)对产量的影响较大．  相似文献   

Periodicity and gradients in dispersal ofAlternaria linicola in linseed crops     

I. Vloutoglou  B. D. L. Fitt  J. A. Lucas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(6):639-653

Conidia ofAlternaria linicola produced on infected linseed crops were mainly dispersed by wind. The numbers of conidia in the air above linseed crops collected by a Burkard spore sampler were greatest between 1200 h and 1300 h, when the relative humidity was lowest. Although numbers of conidia collected decreased with increasing height within and above the crop canopy, air-borneA. linicola conidia were present up to 80 cm above the crop canopy. Conidia ofA. linicola were transported by wind up to at least 40 m downwind from an artificial line inoculum source, but their numbers decreased with increasing distance from the source. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, the dispersal ofA. linicola conidia above linseed crops followed a seasonal periodicity which was influenced by weather conditions and cultural practices. The greatest numbers of conidia were collected during July, August and early September and coincided with periods favourable for sporulation and with an increase in the incidence of the disease in the senescent crop. Air-borneA. linicola conidia produced on point or line inoculum sources (naturally infected linseed stem debris) were responsible for the spread of the disease in linseed crops. In 1992 and 1993, the disease was first detected downwind from the sources, but by the end of the growing seasons, it had spread in all directions and up to 20 m and 60 m from the sources, respectively. Disease gradients were initially steep near the inoculum sources but they became flatter with time due to the secondary spread of the disease.  相似文献   

新疆石榴(Punica L.)资源及其开发利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘文江 《干旱区研究》2007,24(2):219-222

石榴作为新疆一种绿色食品资源,受到国内外市场广泛关注,使得新疆近几年石榴的种植面积迅速扩大.本文对新疆石榴生物学特性、种类、品种和开发利用价值等方面进行了详细论述,阐明了新疆大力发展石榴产业的优势,并在分析现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了新疆发展石榴产业的几点建议.  相似文献   

Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia: Effects on flax yield in spoil‐bank clay     

Jana Rydlová  David Püschel  Radka Sudová  Milan Gryndler  Olga Mikanová  Miroslav Vosátka 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):128-134

This study focused on the application of native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Sinorhizobium in effective crop production during reclamation of coal‐mine spoil banks. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in spoil‐bank clay with a low dose of organic amendment to determine whether the microbial inoculation improves growth and utility qualities of two cultivars of Linum usitatissimum L. (oil and fiber flax). Inoculation with two native AMF isolates (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and their mixture) significantly increased growth and shoot phosphorus (P) concentration of both flax cultivars. Inoculated fiber flax plants produced fivefold more fibers than the uninoculated ones. In oil flax, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly but quantitatively to a minor degree decreased the concentration of nonsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. A mixture of five native Sinorhizobium sp. strains supported growth and P uptake of oil flax only in the absence of AMF. However, these beneficial effects of the bacteria were significantly lower as compared to AMF. No synergic action of Sinorhizobium strains and AMF was observed, and their interactions were often even antagonistic. Inoculation with AMF significantly decreased population density of Sinorhizobium in the soil. These results suggest that a careful selection of suitable bacterial strains is necessary to provide effective AMF combinations and maximize flax‐growth support.  相似文献   

坡度对紫花苜蓿和狗牙根光合生理特性的影响     

祝顺波  许文年  刘刚  赵娟  陈燚格 《水土保持研究》2012,19(2):218-221

通过模拟试验,测定不同坡度条件下紫花苜蓿和狗牙根光合和蒸腾速率变化,从而分析坡度对护坡植物光合生理特性的影响。结果表明:紫花苜蓿和狗牙根的净光合速率与蒸腾速率随着坡度的增大表现为"单峰"型,且都在坡度为15°左右达到最大值。随着坡度的增大,两种植物的光合生理都受到胁迫影响,但紫花苜蓿变化极显著,而狗牙根则表现为在坡度60°以下的变化很小。紫花苜蓿的固氮能力较强,能在30°以下坡面较好地生长;而狗牙根的强抗逆性,可以在高陡边坡绿化中担当重要角色。研究不仅为边坡修复的物种选择提供了科学参考,也为边坡生态修复提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

大蕉幼雄花易碎胚性愈伤组织长期继代培养及其植株再生     

李哲 《中国农学通报》2010,26(1):27-31

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4～5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上长期增殖。这些继代培养了6年多的松软易碎的胚性愈伤组织转移到含有0.2 mg/L 6-BA的分化培养基中,可诱导出芽,得到了53株再生植株,这些再生植株可进一步扩大繁殖。组织学切片证明长期继代培养的愈伤组织维持了胚性的状态。  相似文献   

萝芙木人工繁殖研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙绛雪  曹福祥  曹受金  曹基武 《北方园艺》2009,(8)

萝芙木是一种重要的药用植物,从其根中提制的生物碱利血平具有良好的降压和镇静效果。萝芙木的市场需求大,野生资源日益减少,自然状态下繁殖率低,大规模人工繁殖和栽培萝芙木是解决问题的关键。该试验从种子育苗、营养繁殖和组织培养3个方面对萝芙木的人工繁殖技术进行了介绍,指出传统育苗与现代生物技术相结合是解决萝芙木种苗短缺的有效途径。  相似文献   

半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘优良品种引种栽培试验研究     

李代琼  黄瑾  姜峻  白岗栓 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2003,1(2):23-27

1994-2003年在黄土高原半干旱区的陕西吴旗县、安塞县进行中国沙棘优良类型和俄罗斯优良沙棘品种引种试验,采用家系选择法初步筛选出5个中国沙棘生态经济型优良单株,对3个俄罗斯良种沙棘的生长适应性经济性状进行了评价。前者生长迅速、树冠好、根系发达、郁闭快、水土保持效益好,果实较大、单株产量较高、Vc和含油量较高,适于在黄土丘陵区种植;后者经济性状较好,果实大、无刺或少刺,但适应性较中国沙棘差。  相似文献   

凤尾兰的组织培养     

庞仪  张月雄  罗远华  莫饶 《热带农业科学》2006,26(5):24-27

以凤尾兰(YuccagloriosaLinnaeus)的茎尖、幼嫩茎段及嫩叶为外植体进行组织培养。结果表明以嫩叶为外植体的愈伤组织诱导率最高,由茎段诱导的愈伤组织继代增殖最好,由茎尖诱导的愈伤组织诱导不定芽表现最佳。筛选出最佳初代培养基MS 6-BA3.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L;愈伤组织增殖培养基MS 6-BA8.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L;不定芽诱导培养基为MS 6-BA5.0mg/L KT1.0mg/L;不定芽增殖培养基为MS 6-BA4.0mg/L NAA0.05mg/L 椰子水100mL/L;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.2mg/L。  相似文献   

分子标记辅助选育兼抗白粉病、条锈病、黄矮病小麦新种质   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

曾祥艳  张增艳  杜丽璞  辛志勇  陈孝 《中国农业科学》2005,38(12):2380-2386

 选育和推广多抗、兼抗型小麦品种是今后小麦育种发展方向之一。本研究通过复合杂交、回交，将抗白粉病基因聚合体Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV、抗条锈病基因YrX（源自YW243）、抗黄矮病基因Bdv2向优异农艺亲本转育。利用抗病性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择，选育出聚合了3～5个抗病基因的兼抗白粉、条锈和黄矮病的冬性小麦新种质和春性小麦新种质，其中聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等5个抗病基因的冬性材料1株，聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2d 的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为2株、3株，聚合Pm4 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等4个抗病基因的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为6株和18株，聚合Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2、PmV +YrX +Bdv2等3个抗病基因的春性材料分别为7株和46株。本研究可为小麦多抗、兼抗育种提供遗传组成明确的丰富抗源和快捷的选择方法。  相似文献