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1.
近15年新疆伊犁河谷草地退化时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以伊犁河谷为研究区,利用MODIS NDVI数据及像元二分模型,反演草地植被覆盖度,以草地植被覆盖度为评价标准,结合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据及Getis-Ord Gi*冷/热点分析方法,对伊犁河谷2001-2015年草地退化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明,1)受持续过度放牧及气候条件影响,2001-2015年伊犁河谷草地整体持续退化,15年内退化草地比例达46.18%,但退化以轻度为主;2)空间上退化草地的分布范围逐步向高海拔区域扩展,海拔1 500-3 000 m的中山和中高山区退化草地扩张最明显;3)草地生态保护政策的实施减缓了草地退化速度,草地退化与改善的空间差异逐渐明显,以退化为主的单一变化趋势有所改变;4)利用NDVI反演植被覆盖度对草地退化进行评价的方法存在对高植被覆盖区域草地退化敏感性相对较弱的缺陷。 相似文献
2.
2000-2010年锡林郭勒草原NPP时空变化及其气候响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用MODIS MOD17A3植被初级生产力数据产品及地面气象观测数据,研究分析了2000-2010年锡林郭勒盟草原NPP的时空变化特征、各气候因子的年际变化特征及NPP与气候因子的相关关系。结果表明,锡林郭勒盟草原NPP的分布由东向西逐渐减小,值大多分布在0~0.5 kg C·m-2;2001-2010年NPP呈现波动变化,整体呈增加趋势,空间分布上更加趋于均匀分布;2000-2010年,研究区内典型草原和荒漠草原各气候因子的变化趋势大致相同,4-9月累计平均气温、平均相对湿度和累计日照时数呈减小趋势,平均风速呈增加趋势,累计降水量典型草原呈轻微减少趋势,荒漠草原呈增加趋势,趋势斜率分别为-0.026和1.044 5,典型草原大部分气候因子的波动程度大于荒漠草原;研究区内两种类型的草原的NPP均与4-9月累计平均气温、平均日最低气温有较强的负相关关系(显著水平分别为P0.001和P0.01),与累计降水量、平均相对湿度有较强的正相关关系(显著水平为P0.01),与4-9月累计日照时数、平均风速呈负相关关系但相关关系较弱,荒漠草原对气候因子变化的响应总体不如典型草原敏感。 相似文献
3.
There is a strong economic incentive to reduce mite-vectored virus outbreaks. Most outbreaks in the central High Plains of the United States occur in the presence of volunteer wheat that emerges before harvest as a result of hail storms. This study provides a conceptual framework for developing a risk map for wheat diseases caused by mite-vectored viruses based on pre-harvest hail events. Traditional methods that use NDVI were found to be unsuitable due to low chlorophyll content in wheat at harvest. Site-level hyperspectral reflectance from mechanically hailed wheat showed increased canopy albedo. Therefore, any increase in NIR combined with large increases in red reflectance near harvest can be used to assign some level of risk. The regional model presented in this study utilized Landsat TM/ETM+ data and MODIS imagery to help gap-fill missing data. NOAA hail maps that estimate hail size were used to refine the area most likely at risk. The date range for each year was shifted to account for annual variations in crop phenology based on USDA Agriculture statistics for percent harvest of wheat. Between 2003 and 2013, there was a moderate trend (R2 = 0.72) between the county-level insurance claims for Cheyenne County, Nebraska and the area determined to be at risk by the model (excluding the NOAA hail size product due to limited availability) when years with low hail claims (<400 ha) were excluded. These results demonstrate the potential of an operational risk map for mite-vectored viruses due to pre-season hail events. 相似文献
4.
Most remote sensing studies assess the desertification using vegetation monitoring method. But it has the insufficient precision of vegetation monitoring for the limited vegetation cover of the desertification region. Therefore, it offers an alternative approach for the desertification research to assess sand dune and sandy land change using remote sensing in the desertification region. In this study, the indices derived from the well-known tasseled cap transformation(TCT), tasseled cap angle(TCA),disturbance index(DI), process indicator(PI), and topsoil grain size index(TGSI) were integrated to monitor and assess the desertification at the thirteen study sites including sand dunes and sandy lands distributed in the Mongolian Plateau(MP) from 2000 to 2015. A decision tree was used to classify the desertification on a regional scale. The average overall accuracy of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 desertification classification was higher than 90%. Results from this study indicated that integration of the advantages of TCA, DI and TGSI could better assess the desertification. During the last 16 years, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert showed a relative stabilization. Otindag Sandy Land and the deserts of Khar Nuur, Ereen Nuur, Tsagan Nuur, Khongoryn Els, Hobq, and Mu Us showed a slow increasing of desertification, whereas Bayan Gobi, Horqin and Hulun Buir sandy lands showed a slow decreasing of desertification. Compared with the other 11 sites, the fine sand dunes occupied the majority of the Tengger Desert, and the coarse sandy land occupied the majority of the Horqin Sandy Land. Our findings on a three or four years' periodical fluctuated changes in the desertification may possibly reflect changing precipitation and soil moisture in the MP. Further work to link the TCA, DI,TGSI, and PI values with the desertification characteristics is recommended to set the thresholds and improve the assessment accuracy with field investigation. 相似文献
5.
Objective management of grazing livestock production systems needs monitoring of forage production at the managerial unit level. Our objectives were to develop a system that routinely estimates forage above-ground net primary production (ANPP) at the spatial and temporal resolution required by farmers in the Pampas of Argentina, and to facilitate adoption of the system by end users as a managerial support tool. Our approach was based on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) logic, which proposes that ANPP is determined by the amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (APAR), and the efficiency with which that energy is transformed in above-ground dry matter (radiation use efficiency, RUE). APAR is the product of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the fraction absorbed by the canopy (fPAR). We estimated fPAR as a non-linear function of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). RUE was empirically estimated for the two principal forage resources of the region, yielding the following relations: ANPP = 0.6 × APAR + 12, (R2 = 0.86; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the upland sown pastures, and ANPP = 0.27 × APAR + 26, (R2 = 0.74; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the lowland naturalized pastures, with ANPP in g/m2/60 days and APAR in MJ/m2/60 days. The models were able to predict independent ANPP values with acceptable accuracy. Computational procedures were automated and run in a Relational Data Base Manager System that stored and managed all the information. The system is currently monitoring 212,794 ha in 83 farms and provides monthly ANPP values for the previous month and a history of the last 6 years. The data so generated show ANPP differences between the two major forage resources, considerable variability of a given month’s ANPP among years and paddocks, and contrasting among-farm differences in the efficiency of conversion of ANPP and forage supplements into beef production. The system was well accepted by end users who utilize it mainly for making near real time decisions according to last month ANPP, and explaining results of previous production cycles by incorporating ANPP as an explicative variable. However, there were differences among farmers in the degree of utilization, apparently related to the advisor’s attitude toward this new technology. Our results indicate that (1) forage production of large extensions can be monthly monitored at the paddock level by a small laboratory with capabilities in geographic information systems, and (2) advisors and farmers apply this information to their managerial decisions. 相似文献
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7.
MODIS热红外数据在乌鲁木齐市热岛研究中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用MODIS热红外数据,在完成几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、云检测等数据预处理后,利用分裂窗算法反演得到乌鲁木齐2000-2005年1,4,7,10月的地表温度空间数据.在分析典型热温场的基础上,进行了热岛的季节和昼夜变化特征研究.结果表明:时间上,乌鲁木齐在夏季的白天和全年四季的夜晚均存在明显的城市热岛现象;空间上,乌鲁木齐城市和附近的戈壁、荒漠温度较高,近处的中山区和远郊的高山区温度较低,区域内温差较大、热岛强度高.乌鲁木齐城市热岛虽与其他大城市热岛特征在时空分布规律上有较多相似之处,但也有其自身的特性:干旱区城市郊区下垫面较多为戈壁荒漠,因此城市热岛效应在日间并不明显,相反有时会出现"城市冷岛"现象. 相似文献
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9.
华北平原是中国最大的粮食生产基地,准确监测其冬小麦种植面积及其变化对粮食产量预测和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。然而,不同土地利用产品所估算的小麦面积、空间分布及其动态均存在较大分歧,不能有效反映出冬小麦的长期变化特征。该研究结合作物物候特征和已有小麦专题数据产品,首先构建动态阈值决策分类算法,以降低传统方法在阈值设定和样本筛选方面的不确定性;进而分析了2003—2022年华北平原区冬小麦播种面积的长期变化规律。结果表明：1）该研究提出的动态阈值决策分类算法能准确地提取冬小麦面积,平均总体精度为93.44%,且与统计数据具有较高的一致性;2）2003—2022年华北平原冬小麦种植面积整体呈上升趋势,不同地区变化类型差异较大;3）研究时段内,持续种植冬小麦的耕地面积仅占各年份种植范围总面积的5%,种植次数低于10 a的面积占比达55%;4）河北中南部、山东省西部和河南省中北部冬小麦种植面积相对稳定,京津冀地区以及山区冬小麦播种面积变化相对频繁。该研究可为大尺度冬小麦动态监测提供了新的方法视角,并对科学制定耕地调控策略具有重要意义。 相似文献
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