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蚯蚓作用下土壤化学组成和性状的动态变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过室内培养试验研究赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)和威廉环毛蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)对土壤化学组成和性状的动态影响.结果表明:接种蚯蚓可显著提高土壤pH和电导率;蚯蚓作用49 d后土壤化学组成也发生明显变化,接种赤子爱胜蚓和威廉环毛蚓处理的土壤碳水化合物含量分别比对照增加43.22,44.76 mg/kg,酸解氨基酸含量分别增加15.34,12.52 g/kg,植物激素GA3含量分别增加11.21,13.68mg/kg,IAA含量分别增加8.99,8.81mg/kg,而多酚含量却显著降低了7.79,7.48mg/kg.不同处理土壤化学组成和性状随时间变化趋势各有不同,2种蚯蚓作用下,土壤pH和碳水化合物含量均在前7d急剧增加,之后变化趋于平缓;而土壤多酚含量在前7d显著降低,此后也趋于平缓;土壤植物激素GA3含量在前35 d持续增加,而后无显著变化;土壤植物激素IAA、电导率和氨基酸含量随培养时间增加而持续增长,直至培养结束(49 d). 相似文献
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为了摸清蚯蚓活动对杂草发生的影响以及除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,2017年－2019年连续3年调查了“花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式下田间杂草物种数、总草密度和生物量,同时测定了17种除草剂对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性。结果表明,与花菜单一种植模式相比,“花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式显著降低了田间杂草物种数、总草密度和生物量,减轻了杂草危害。不同除草剂对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性存在较大的差异。采用滤纸法处理48 h,丙草胺、高效氟吡甲禾灵和噁唑酰草胺对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性最高,LD50分别为1.1、1.8 μg/cm2和7.1 μg/cm2。其次为灭草松,LD50为70.3 μg/cm2。乙羧氟草醚、吡嘧磺隆、氰氟草酯、五氟磺草胺、硝磺草酮、嘧啶肟草醚和烟嘧磺隆对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性相对较低,LD50均大于1 200 μg/cm2。采用人工土壤法处理14 d,灭草松对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性最高,LD50为50.3 mg/kg。其次为二甲戊灵、草铵膦和丙草胺,LD50分别为111.9、137.4 mg/kg和169.5 mg/kg。双草醚、氰氟草酯、硝磺草酮和苯唑草酮对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性相对较低,LD50均大于500 mg/kg。基于滤纸法和人工土壤法的测定结果,丙草胺、灭草松、噁唑酰草胺、高效氟吡甲禾灵、草铵膦和二甲戊灵对威廉环毛蚓具有相对较高的急性毒性,不建议用于“作物－蚯蚓”种养农田防除杂草。 相似文献
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Quantitative observations on the biology of Metaphire houletti were made in cow and horse manure and oak litter in laboratory conditions over a period of 240 days. The study revealed that
copulation is not a prerequisite for production of viable cocoons, indicating that M. houletti may be parthenogenetic. The mean growth rate was 2.86 mg worm–1 day–1 reaching sexual maturity at 45 days and producing 0.015 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept singly) and 2.82 mg worm–1 day–1, reaching sexual maturity at 45 days and producing 0.03 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept in batches) in cow manure; 4.08 mg worm–1 day–1, reaching sexual maturity at 46 days and producing 0.02 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept singly) and 2.97 mg worm–1 day–1, reaching sexual maturity at 45 days and producing 0.016 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept in batches) in horse manure; 3.73 mg worm–1 day–1 reaching sexual maturity at 45 day and producing 0.023 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept singly) and 2.73 mg worm–1 day–1, reaching sexual maturity at 47 days and producing 0.028 cocoons worm–1 day–1 (kept in batches) in oak litter. After an incubation period of 31.9±1.2 days 82% of the cocoons hatched with a mean of 1.12±0.06
hatchlings per cocoon. The earthworms reared in batches did not demonstrate any advantage over those reared singly in all
substrates. Higher growth rates were observed in earthworms raised singly than those raised in batches in all substrates.
Received: 30 April 1998 相似文献
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在设施菜地土壤中接种赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)与白颈腔蚓(Metaphire californica)30 d后测定土壤有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)、有机碳(TOC)和所栽小白菜(Brassica chinensis)中可溶性糖、维生素C(VC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)的含量。结果表明,接种赤子爱胜蚓和白颈腔蚓的土壤中AP的含量分别比对照高231%和139%(P＜0.05);接种赤子爱胜蚓提高了土壤硝态氮含量22.4%(P＞0.05);接种白颈腔蚓提高了小白菜维生素C含量7.90%。上述结果表明接种赤子爱胜蚓和白颈腔蚓有助于提高土壤中AP和NO-3-N以及小白菜中的维生素C含量。 相似文献
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于不同时间地点观察加州腔蚓在溴氰菊酯浓度为40mg／kg、20mg／kg、10mg／kg、5mg／kg、2．5mg／kg土壤中的急性中毒症状、异常行为及死亡状况,结果发现：与低浓度相比,高浓度（≥20mg／kg）下蚯蚓环带红肿、粘液分泌、身体翻滚等症状出现的时间较短,不足7min,在浓度为2．5mg／kg时上述症状出现的时间最长,约为60min;蚯蚓中毒翻滚持续时间,在40mg／kg浓度下最短,为233．1min,在2．5-10mg／kg浓下时持续最长,约600min;蚯蚓中毒致死时间,在40mg／kg和5mg／妇浓度下达极值,分别为317．9min和2140min,前者死亡时体重下降9．48％,后者死亡时体重下降近30％。统计分析表明：溴氰菊酯对加州腔蚓的急性毒性效应与中毒时间和农药剂量存在相关性。 相似文献
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In this study the synonymy of Amynthas formosae (Michaelsen, 1922) and A. yuhsii (Tsai, 1964) are reevaluated and the intraspecific phylogeography between them is studied. The morphological comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I suggest that A. formosae and A. yuhsii are not synonyms and both of them belong to Metaphire. The phylogeographic analysis suggests that the formation of mountains and rivers during the uplift of the Western Foothills in Taiwan comprised the vicariance events responsible for the intraspecific genetic differentiation between these two species. 相似文献
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