适于猪场污水中快速生长富油微藻的筛选     

李琴  陈三凤 《农业生物技术学报》2016,(7):1083-1091

微藻的大规模培养以及生产生物燃料在很大程度上依赖于所使用的微藻藻株性能.为了从自然水域中筛选、分离能够异养生长并同步处理养猪废水和实现油脂积累的高油脂产率微藻,本研究采用平板划线、单胞分离和毛细管分离3种方法,对51个采样点的样品进行分离、纯化,获得了118株藻,71株能够进行异养生长,其中33株能够在猪场污水中生长,且17株藻生长良好.根据形态特征对分离得到的部分藻株初步鉴定为小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.).比较这17株藻在猪场污水中的生长速率和油脂含量,藻株13-6、19-4、20-6和34-2的比生长速率分别为0.147、0.162、0.177和0.154 d-1,较其他藻株生长更快;19-4、24-1和34-2的油脂含量分别为19.7％、22.9％和28.8％,高于其他藻株.从中选取生长快且油脂含量高的藻株19-4和34-2经18S rDNA鉴定为Chlorella sorokinlana和Chlorella sp.,分别命名为C.sorokinlana 19-4 (GenBank登录号:KU948990)和Chlorella sp.34-2 (GenBank登录号:KU948991).将微藻培养体系扩大至30 L反应器,利用稀释猪场污水培养C.sorokinlana 19-4和Chlorella sp.34-2,最大比生长速率分别达到0.153和0.149 d-1;油脂含量分别达到18.73％和29.27％;最大生物量浓度分别达到0.78和1.12 g/L.C.sorokinlana 19-4对废水培养基中总氮、总磷的最高去除率分别高达70.56％和90.98％,34-2则分别为60.24％和85.07％.脂肪酸组分分析表明,Chlorella sp.34-2主要含有Cl6∶0、C18∶2n6c及C18∶3n3,其脂肪酸组分含量符合生物柴油生产的原料要求标准.结果说明这两株微藻在净化废水和生产生物柴油中具有潜在的应用前景.利用猪场污水养殖微藻,既可以节约大量营养盐成本,促进微藻生物柴油产业的推进,又可以净化污水,促进水资源再利用,实现能源与环境的双赢.  相似文献   

Enriching rotifers with “premium” microalgae. Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO     

Martia Ferreira  Ana Maseda  Jaime Fbregas  Ana Otero 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):126-130

The effect of semi-continuous culture on the nutritional value of microalgae was tested in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in short-term enrichment experiments. Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO was cultured semi-continuously with renewal rates from 10 to 50% of the volume of the culture per day and used to feed the rotifers. After 24 h, dramatic differences in dry weight and protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents were observed in the rotifers depending on the renewal rate applied to the microalgal culture. Rotifers fed T-ISO cultured with low renewal rates showed low dry weight and organic content, whereas rotifers fed microalgae from nutrient-sufficient, high renewal rate cultures showed higher dry weight and increases up to 60% in protein, 35% in lipid and 100% in carbohydrate contents. Feed conversion rate (FCR) and organic FCR decreased with increasing renewal rates, indicating a more efficient assimilation of the microalgal biomass obtained at high growth rates. The fatty acid profile of rotifers reflected that of T-ISO, with maximum content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being found in the rotifers fed microalgae from the renewal rate of 40%. Results demonstrate that the biochemical composition of B. plicatilis is strongly modified through the use of semi-continuous cultures of microalgae in short-term enrichment processes. This technique provides an excellent tool to improve the nutritional value of the live feed used in fish larvae cultures.  相似文献   

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).     

John Castell  Tammy Blair  Steven Neil  Kenneth Howes  Sarah Mercer  John Reid  Wilfred Young-Lai  Brandi Gullison  Philippe Dhert  Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(1-2):109-117

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.  相似文献   

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition     

Lisa M. Milke  V. Monica Bricelj  Christopher C. Parrish 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):272-289

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.  相似文献   

不同培养条件对微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

石娟  潘克厚 《海洋水产研究》2004,25(6):79-85

微藻细胞中脂类的数量及质量是评价其营养价值的重要指标。大量研究表明,改变培养条件及在不同的时期收获对微藻的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成有着显著影响。本文主要从培养基成分、光强、温度、通气量和生长期5个方面综述了相关的研究成果,希望能为海洋微藻的研究和开发利用提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

Evaluation of β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucans and High-M alginate used as immunostimulatory dietary supplement during first feeding and weaning of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)     

Jorunn Skjermo  Trond R. Størseth  Karina Hansen  Gunvor Øie 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(3):1088-1101

Stimulation of the non-specific defence enhances the disease resistance and growth, and has good potentials as a measure for increased microbial control in juvenile production of marine fish and shellfish. So far, the most commonly used immunostimulants are β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucans, and in this study the stimulatory potential of a β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan of marine origin, the storage polysaccharide from the marine diatom Chaetoceros mülleri, was examined. The glucan (chrysolaminaran) was extracted from cultures of C. mülleri, and used as a dietary supplement in two first feeding experiments with larvae of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. In one experiment the microalgal glucan was compared to the commercial yeast-glucan product MacroGard®, and in the other to an alginate with a high content of mannuronic acid (High-M alginate) isolated from Durvillaea antarctica. The stimulants were given via rotifers, and weaning to formulated feed was initiated at day 17 or 18 after hatching. The survival ± SEM at day 27 after hatching was 24.5 ± 2.0%, 14.8 ± 4.5% and 13.1 ± 1.4% for the groups fed C. mülleri-glucan, yeast glucan and for the control, respectively, in the first experiment. The group fed C. mülleri-glucan group had higher survival compared to the control (P < 0.05) group, whereas the yeast glucan had no positive effect on the survival (p > 0.05). The dry weights of the groups at day 27 were low, with 203.2 ± 52.2, 165.2 ± 43.4 and 198.5 ± 58.1 μg per larva for the C. mülleri-glucan, yeast glucan and control groups, respectively. In the second experiment the survival in the period of feeding formulated feed (days 18-30) were 44.6 ± 4.3%, 44.7 ± 1.3%, and 33.8 ± 4.1% survival for the C. mülleri-glucan, High-M alginate and control group, respectively. The cod larvae fed C. mülleri-glucan reached an average weight of 531.6 ± 17.2 μg at day 30, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group that had an average of 473.6 ± 3.5 μg. The larvae fed High-M alginate had an average weight of 470.3 ± 31.6 μg per larva at day 30, and not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05). The early weaning to formulated diet had detrimental effect on the growth of the larvae. In both experiments the C. mülleri-glucan group was the only group showing a positive growth rate in the period of weaning to dry feed. The microbial conditions in larval gut and water were monitored with respect to total colony forming units on Marine agar, and Vibrio- and Pseudomonas-like species on selective agars (TCBS and marine Pseudomonas Agar with CFC-supplement). The larvae were rapidly colonised after hatching, but no or weak effects of the stimulants were observed on the colonisation rates or the composition. The total CFU varied from 10¹ to 10² CFU per μg larva after initiation of the first feeding. The percentages of Pseudomonas-like bacteria increased throughout the period, whereas the levels of Vibrio-like bacteria were low and stable. The chrysolaminaran from the diatom C. mülleri was shown to be a promising candidate for use as an immunostimulatory feed additive, and which should be further explored.  相似文献   

壳寡糖及其复合聚合氯化铝絮凝微藻富集的研究     

张跃群闫生荣  王小红等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(7):1905-1906

［目的］ 为了找到可以加速微藻富集的合适絮凝剂。［方法］ 制备了壳聚糖的降解产物壳寡糖,用于绿色巴夫藻（Pavlovaviridis Tseng, Chen et Zhang）和小球藻（Chloreiia spp.） 絮凝富集。［结果］ 终浓度为30 mg/L以上的壳寡糖溶液对2种藻类具有显著的促沉降效应。当壳寡糖与6 mg/L聚合氯化铝混合使用时,壳寡糖/聚合氯化铝促沉降效应明显提高。［结论］ 壳寡糖可以用于微藻大规模生产的采收。  相似文献   

梅尼小环藻产油培养工艺的优化     

冀颐之  刘杨平  黄迎春 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(11):6360-6362

[目的]研究培养条件对梅尼小环藻细胞生长和油脂积累的影响,以获得其产油的最佳培养工艺。[方法]采用干重法评价梅尼小环藻的生物量,采用溶剂浸提法测定微藻中油脂含量,并通过单因子试验考察培养温度、初始pH、光照强度、摇床转速、接种量对梅尼小环藻细胞生长和油脂积累的影响。[结果]梅尼小环藻产油最佳培养工艺为:培养温度25℃、初始pH 8.0、光照强度600 lx、摇床转速130 r/min、接种量20%。在上述优化条件下培养5 d,梅尼小环藻的生物量和油脂含量可达到5.4 g/L和56%,分别为对照组的1.38和1.30倍。[结论]研究结果为大规模化生产微藻油脂提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

壳聚糖絮凝微藻富集的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李若慧  叶晓  程艳玲 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(3):1626-1628

壳聚糖是一种天然碱性多糖,作为絮凝剂能够有效地富集微藻。可与藻类一起,在生物医药、保健食品、生物饲料、生物柴油和乙醇燃料等方面有很好的利用价值。通过与无机颗粒材料和碱液复合使用,可以很好地提高絮凝效率。对其絮凝机理与效果的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

多种藻类对As(Ⅲ)的耐受性及吸附研究(英文)     

李妍丽  柯林 《农业科学与技术》2012,(6):1303-1308,1327

[目的]筛选到在自然条件下能有效去除水体中砷污染的微藻。[方法]以4种微型绿藻 (小球藻Chlorella sp.(zfsaia)、Chlorella minata、Chlorella vulgaris和羊角月牙藻Selenastrum capricormulum)为材料,选取6个不同浓度的As(III)(0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/L)进行培养处理,以生物量、叶绿素a含量等生理指标研究这4种藻类对砷的耐受性及其吸附情况。[结果]小球藻Chlorella sp. zfsaia对砷的毒害有敏感性,当砷浓度超过10mg/L时,其生长受到抑制,EC50值分别为17.32 mg/L;当砷浓度在0～20 mg/L范围内,羊角月牙藻Selenastrum capricormulum、小球藻Chlorella minata和Chlorella vulgaris生长不受影响,对砷具有较高的耐受性,24 h后,它们对砷的去除率分别达77.02%、72.18%和81.36%。[结论]该研究表明藻类在治理含砷废水和作为砷污染废水的指示性植物等方面具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献