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稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究赵兰勇,梁玉堂(山东农业大学林学院泰安271018)王九龄(北京林业大学北京100083)关键词稀土,刺槐,光合速率,叶绿素含量,水分利用效率,矿质元素含量近年来,稀土元素在农业上的应用研究越来越受到人们的重视,并且已... 相似文献
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The introduction of new hybrids and integrated crop-soil management has been causing maize grain yield to increase. However, less attention has been paid on the nutrient concentration of the grain; this aspect is of great importance to supplying calories and nutrients in the diets of both humans and animals worldwide. Increasing the retranslocation of nutrients from vegetative organs to grain can effectively increase the nutrient concentration of grain and general nutrient use efficiency. The present study involved monitoring the dynamic change of macro- and micronutrients in different organs of maize during the grain filling stage. In addition, the mobility of different elements and their contribution to grain nutrient content were evaluated in a 2-year experiment under low (LN, no N supplied) and high N (HN, 180 kg N ha−1) supply. Under HN supply, the net remobilization efficiency (RE) of the vegetative organs as a whole (calculated as nutrient remobilization amount divided by nutrient content at silking) of N, P, K, Mn, and Zn were 44%, 60%, 13%, 15%, and 25%, respectively. The other nutrients (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and B) showed a net accumulation in the vegetative organs as a whole during the grain filling stage. Among the different organs, N, P, and Zn were remobilized more from the leaves (RE of 44%, 51% and 43%, respectively) and the stalks (including leaf sheaths and tassels) (RE of 48%, 71% and 43%, respectively). K was mainly remobilized from the leaves with RE of 51%. Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Cu were mostly remobilized from the stalks with the RE of 23%, 9%, 10%, 42%, and 28%, respectively. However, most of the remobilized Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were translocated to the husk and cob, which seemingly served as the buffer sink for these nutrients. The REs of all the nutrients except for P, K, and Zn were vulnerable to variations in conditions annually and were reduced when the grain yield and harvest index were lower in 2014 compared with 2013. Under LN stress, the RE was reduced in P and Zn in 2013, increased in Cu and unchanged in other nutrients. The concentration of these nutrients in the grain was either unchanged (P, K, Ca, Zn, and B) or decreased (N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu). It is concluded that grain N, P, K, Mn, and Zn, but not Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and B concentration, can be improved by increasing their remobilization from vegetative organs. However, enhancing the senescence of maize plant via LN stress seems unable to increase grain mineral nutrient concentration. Genetic improvement aiming to increase nutrient remobilization should take into account the organ-specific remobilization pattern of the target nutrient. 相似文献
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何首乌茎尖嫩叶主要营养成分分析及评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
测定了何首乌茎尖嫩叶的VB2、VC、粗纤维等主要营养成分含量和K、Fe、Zn等矿质元素含量,以期为何首乌茎尖嫰叶的合理开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明,何首乌茎尖嫩叶营养丰富,各种营养成分较为全面,其主要营养成分和矿质元素含量也远远高于其他4种常见蔬菜,这为何首乌茎尖嫩叶的食用价值提供了科学依据,也为改善人们的膳食营养和餐饮文化、开发蔬菜资源及提高其利用价值提供了参考。 相似文献
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Hugh Riley 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):122-134
Trials were performed with early and semi-early potatoes to test the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level (0-160 kg N ha-1) and timing (all at planting versus half then and half either soon after emergence or 3 weeks later). All seven trials with earlies were irrigated as required, whilst different irrigation regimes (moderate versus intensive) were compared in two trials with semi-earlies. No benefit was derived from splitting the N application. Haulm growth and N uptake increased in all cases almost linearly up to the highest N level, but tuber yield did not respond in the same way. The optimum N level was 80 kg N ha-1 for a yield of 15 Mg ha-1, rising to 120 kg N ha-1 for a yield of 40 Mg ha-1. Tuber quality was lowered by the use of excess N fertilizer, particularly in the case of earlies. The quantity of mineralised N present in the soil after harvest rose sharply with above optimum fertilizer use, and the amount of N present in crop residues also increased. The likely leaching after early potatoes was estimated to be up to 80 kg N ha-1. The proportion of fertilizer N which was not accounted for in either tuber yield, crop residues or mineral N in soil was 26% in earlies and 38% in semi-earlies. 相似文献
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本试验对三江源区不同高寒草地植物中6种矿物元素(钾K,钙Ca,钠Na,镁Mg,锌Zn,铁Fe)的含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明:植物中K元素含量为7.314~12.803 g·kg-1之间,Ca元素含量为2.851~6.823 g·kg-1之间,Na元素含量为64.404~185.553 mg·kg-1之间,Mg元素含量为1.272~2.655 g·kg-1之间,Zn元素含量为14.718~51.387 mg·kg-1之间,Fe元素含量为161.056~531.677 mg·kg-1之间;豆科(Leguminosae)植物和杂类草(Forbs)矿物元素含量显著高于禾本科(Gramineae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)植物;植物中K元素与Mg元素、Ca元素与Na元素、Ca元素与Zn元素、Na元素与Zn元素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),Ca元素与Fe元素、Mg元素与Fe元素之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);根据美国国家研究理事会(National research council,NRC)绵羊日粮矿物元素需求标准,三江源区各草地植物中Na,Zn元素相对缺乏,其它4种元素均能满足放牧藏羊的矿物营养需求。 相似文献
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南阳烤烟矿质元素及化学成分次适宜因子与土壤生态因子的典型相关分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子及其与土壤生态因子的关系,选取代表南阳不同生态类型的13个样点的土壤样品和烟叶样品,以及2个津巴布韦、14个巴西的优质烟样,测定烟样矿质元素及化学成分与土壤生态因子.对优质烟与南阳烤烟间矿质元素及主要化学成分指标的比较表明,南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子为磷、钾、钙、钠、烟碱、总糖、还原糖、淀粉.对次适宜因子与土壤生态因子进行典型相关分析的结果表明,在一定范围内,随着土壤锌含量提高,烟叶还原糖呈显著增加趋势而烟碱呈显著减少趋势:土壤氨化菌数减少、硝化菌数增加,烟叶烟碱显著增加而总糖、淀粉、磷含量显著减少;随土壤放线菌数减少、解钾菌数增加,烟叶还原糖含量增加;随土壤铜含量提高,烟叶钙、钠含量减少;随土壤硝化菌数减少、真菌数增加,烟叶钙含量呈增加趋势而钠含量呈减少趋势.改良土壤特别是改良土壤微生物性状可望改善烟叶质量. 相似文献