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在盆栽条件下研究了ＶＡ菌根茵对茄子、黄瓜、籽瓜的侵染、促生和防病作用。结果供试菌均可侵染供试作物，但促生和防病效应具特异性．Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ．Ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ和Ｇ．ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ均促进茄子的生长，但只前者减轻了茄子黄萎病。Ｇ，ｓｐ３促进黄瓜提早开花，但不防病；Ｇ．ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐｕｍ减轻了黄瓜细菌性角斑病的发生，却并无促生作用。Ｇ．ｓｐ４不但促进籽瓜的生长，而且是短期内减轻籽瓜炭疽病的有效组合。 相似文献
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Planting trees to stabilize metalliferous mine tailings is a widely used form of land reclamation although substantial soil amendment is invariably required, both to improve the physico-chemical status of the tailings and to ameliorate toxicity prior to planting. Here, we report a glasshouse study of the combined effects of burrowing earthworms (Pheretima guillelmi) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp., AMF) on establishment of a naturally invasive, woody, nitrogen-fixing legume, Leucaena leucocephala, on topsoil-amended Pb/Zn mine tailings. AMF provided the most effective preliminary inoculant, improving N, P and K uptake, but earthworms had more influence improving N nutrition. In most cases, the combined effects of AMF and earthworms were additive and proved to be beneficial to plant growth, plant nutrition and for protection against uptake of toxic metals. AMF influenced metal uptake more than earthworms, but together they reduced mobility of Pb and Zn in soil by as much as 25%. Some minor but significant negative interactions were also evident; for example, earthworms enhanced soil microbial activity but inhibited the beneficial effects of AMF on N2-fixation. We argue that increased attention to ecological interactions in soil could reduce costs and improve the efficacy of restoring a vegetation cover to land impacted by contaminated spoils. 相似文献
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J. Dighton A.S. Morale Bonilla R. A. Jimînez-Nûñez N. Martînez 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(3-4):288-293
We have identified the importance of ground layer ericaceous shrub density as a determinant of leaf litter patch size in
upland oak/pine communities of the New Jersey pine barrens. Litter patch area is directly proportional to the number of ericaceous
stems. This observation has been confirmed by experimentation where leaf litter patches accumulated under artificial stems
for a period of 2 years. Leaf litter patches of different sizes contain differing proportions of leaf species. Large patches
contain a significantly higher proportion of oak leaves than small patches. Difference in physical structure of large and
small patches, due to leaf species composition and due to differential leaf chemistries, result in differences in soil characteristics
and soil biota under the patches. Soil moisture and organic matter content of upper soil layers are greater under large litter
patches than under small ones. We have preliminary evidence that these changes influence the community structure of ectomycorrhizae
developing under patches of different sizes.
Received: 12 April 1999 相似文献
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[目的]为了检测细菌对块菌菌根苗的菌根数量、株高和地径的影响,寻找块菌可能的NHBs.[方法]设置5个菌根组合Zinndi-cumxCmollissima,T indicumxQ.franchetii,T.aestivumxCmo,T.issima,ZaestivumxQ.franchetii和T.melanosporumxC.tmol-lissima为供试菌根组合.选择6株细菌苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）、溶杆菌（Lysobacter capsici）、蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cere-m）、瓜两面神菌（Janibacter melonis）、氧化烃微杆菌（Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans）和球形节杆菌（Anhrobacter globiformis）作为供试细菌.在块菌接种的过程中在菌剂中分别加入供试细菌和抗生素,在幼苗形成菌根后对菌根苗的菌根进行计数,并且测量株高和地径.[结果]苏云金牙孢杆菌可以极显著地促进TixQf菌根苗的菌根数量和地径,球形节杆菌极显著地促进TmxCm菌根苗的菌根数量.这两种细菌可以应用于实验大棚接种.[结论]同一细菌对于不同的菌根组合形成的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径具有真菌特异性.它会促进某些菌根组合的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径形成,但会抑制另外一些菌根组合的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径.同时,块菌子囊果内土著细菌对于所有供试菌根组合形成的菌根数量都有显著促进作用,但对于菌根苗株高和地径的影响在不同组合中不一致. 相似文献
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Prior to the onset of extensive grazing and clearing for agriculture, riparian floodplains of southeastern Arizona, USA, historically supported large grassland communities dominated by Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn., big sacaton grass. Large-scale abandonment of agricultural operations has occurred in this region in the past 50 years, but natural re-establishment of big sacaton into abandoned fields has typically been slow. This study assesses whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be one factor in recovery rates of abandoned fields within three riparian areas in southeastern Arizona (San Pedro river, the Babocomari river and Cienega creek). In each riparian area, soil samples were collected along paired 100 m transects, one in an extant grassland and one in a neighboring abandoned agricultural field. At one site (San Pedro), a third transect was established in a second adjoining abandoned agricultural field to enable comparisons between fields showing differing rates of recovery at a single site. Roots were assessed for mycorrhizal colonization using the modified intercept method and the modified mean infection percentage (MIP) method was used to determine inoculum potential of each soil sample. No significant differences were found between the levels of mycorrhizal colonization in roots collected from the grassland and those collected from the abandoned field for any of the sample sites. Levels of colonization did differ among the three sample sites, with higher levels seen at the San Pedro site than at the Babocomari and Cienega sites. With one exception, MIPs were greater in the soil from the abandoned agricultural field than in the soil from the nearby grassland. In the exception, no difference was detected in inoculum potentials at the San Pedro site between the paired grassland and the abandoned field that had the lower level of sacaton recovery. MIPs were also greater in the soil from the abandoned agricultural field at Babocomari, where Salsola tragus L. growth for cattle feed was promoted by discing every 3–4 years. These results indicate that higher inoculum potentials in abandoned fields were not always linked to the high levels of recovery of native vegetation. 相似文献
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Alfred Botha 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):1-8
This review focuses on literature pertaining to the interactions of soil yeasts with biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Soil yeasts not only affect microbial and plant growth, but may also play a role in soil aggregate formation and maintenance of soil structure. Serving as a nutrient source for bacterial, faunal and protistan predators, soil yeasts contribute to essential ecological processes such as the mineralization of organic material and dissipation of carbon and energy through the soil ecosystem. Some soil yeasts may also play a role in both the nitrogen and sulphur cycles and have the ability to solubilize insoluble phosphates making it more readily available for plants. Recently, the potential of soil yeasts as plant growth promoters and soil conditioners has been studied with the goal of using them in the field of sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
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菌根及其在植物吸收矿质元素营养中的作用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
菌根是菌根真菌与植物形成的共生体。论述了菌根的不同类型及菌根与寄主植物氮、磷元素营养吸收的关系。 相似文献