Long-term application of animal slurries to grassland alters soil cation balance     

P.N.C. Murphy  R.J. Stevens  P. Christie 《Soil Use and Management》2005,21(2):240-244

Abstract. Soil samples from a 32-year grassland field experiment were taken from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm soil depths in February 2002. Plots received annual treatments of unamended control, mineral fertilizer, three rates of pig slurry and three rates of cow slurry, each with six replicates. Samples were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), pH and Olsen P. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated as a sodicity indicator. Mean ESP was generally greater for slurry treatments than the control, with a trend of increasing ESP with application rate. This was particularly marked for cow slurry. At 0–5 cm depth ESP increased from 1.18 in the control to 1.75 at the highest rate of pig slurry and 5.60 at the highest rate of cow slurry. Similar trends were shown for CEC, exchangeable Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Olsen P. The build-up of soil P due to slurry applications, together with this combination of physical and chemical factors, may increase the risk of P loss to surface waters, particularly from soils receiving high rates of cow slurry.  相似文献   

Soil bacterial phoD gene abundance and expression in response to applied phosphorus and long-term management     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

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根土空间对花生营养器官氮、磷、钾吸收积累变化的影响     

李素美  张娜  郭庆  张晓军  赵长星  王铭伦  王月福 《华北农学报》2016,(2):170-175

为探讨花生高产适宜根系的大小,确定作物根系生长的合理空间范围,为花生高产新品种选育和栽培提供理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为试材,设长×宽×深分别为40 cm×20 cm×20 cm、40 cm×20 cm×40 cm、40 cm×20 cm×60 cm、40 cm×20 cm×80 cm 4种大小不等的根土空间,采用网袋法,研究了根土空间对花生营养器官氮、磷、钾吸收积累变化的影响。结果表明,根土空间过小限制了花生根茎叶生物量、氮磷钾含量和积累量的提高,当限根深度超过60 cm后,根土空间大小对花生根茎叶生物量、氮磷钾含量和积累量的影响变小。说明限根深度超过60 cm后,根土空间大小已不是限制花生吸收氮磷钾素的关键因素,限根深度不小于60 cm的根土空间是花生获得较高产量水平的一个必要条件。  相似文献   

Mass balanced based LCA of a common carp-lettuce aquaponics system     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2019

An aquaponics system (AS) is an integrated system that combines a recirculating aquaculture system and a hydroponics system (HS). It is designed to recover nutrients released from fish and transfer them to plants to provide a system more environmentally-friendly than the two systems working separately. As a result, several AS are under development, but little information is available about their overall performances. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient-use efficiency and environmental impacts of an AS, specifically a common carp-lettuce AS located in a greenhouse. Nutrient budgets of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were calculated and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for the AS and for a lettuce Individual Hydroponics System (IHS), similar to the HS of the AS, operating in the greenhouse at the same time. The experiment was performed over a 52-day cycle, which corresponds to the growing time required to harvest marketable lettuce. The nutrient budgets were well balanced, with 24.6% of the N unaccounted-for, most likely due to N2 gas emission, and 6.6% of the P unaccounted-for, most likely due to having underestimated the quantity of sediment. At the beginning of the experiment, N represented 55.9%, 37.1% and 0.1% of the total N input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, N represented 47.6% and 0.4% of the total N input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, P represented 56.94%, 40.20% and 0.03% of the total P input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, P represented 51.52% and 0.42% of the total P input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. LCA clearly indicated two environmental impact hotspots: the origin of nutrients and energy use. One kg of lettuce growth in the AS clearly had lower environmental impacts than that in the IHS for climate change, acidification, eutrophication, land competition and cumulative energy demand; however, a decrease in water dependence was not observed. The indicator for net primary production use highlighted the dependence of the AS on natural resources, especially fish meal and fish oil. Compared to the use of chemical nutrients in the IHS, the use of nutrients from formulated feed in the AS decreased climate change impact but increased the use of natural resources.  相似文献   

5个竹种林下土壤营养元素含量比较     

王舒  张颖  万娟  罗睿  荣俊冬  郑郁善 《安徽农业科学》2016,(35):167-170

[目的]比较不同竹种林下土壤的营养元素含量。[方法]在福建农林大学百竹园内选取大明竹、牡竹、角竹、花巨竹和大木竹5个竹种,分别于春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对其林下土壤进行"S"型多点采样,对其氮、磷、钾含量进行测定。[结果]大明竹、牡竹、角竹、花巨竹和大木竹5个竹种林下土壤的营养元素含量皆较高,但各竹种之间的营养元素含量有显著差异,且各竹种在不同季节的营养元素含量也有明显差异。其中大明竹林下土壤的营养元素含量最高,且最为稳定,牡竹相对较差。[结论]在福建地区,大明竹对营养元素的产生及维系稳定具有良好的能力,可成为该地区城市观赏用竹及发展林下经济的优良竹种。  相似文献   

Predicting the degree of phosphorus saturation using the ammonium acetate–EDTA soil test     

D. Houben  C. Meunier  B. Pereira  Ph. Sonnet 《Soil Use and Management》2011,27(3):283-293

As a result of the important role played by phosphorus (P) in surface water eutrophication, the susceptibility of soils to release P requires evaluation. The degree of phosphorus saturation, assessed by oxalate extraction (DPS_ox), has been used as an indicator. However, most laboratories do not include DPS_ox in routine soil tests because of cost and time. This study evaluates the suitability of the ammonium acetate extraction in the presence of EDTA (AAEDTA), the standard soil test P (STP) in Wallonia (Southern Belgium), to predict DPS_ox; we also compared it with the Mehlich 3 extraction. Ninety‐three topsoil samples were collected in agricultural soils throughout Wallonia. Good correlations were found between the AAEDTA and the Mehlich 3 methods for P, Fe and Al (r = 0.85, 0.77 and 0.86, respectively). An exponential relationship was found between P_AAEDTA and DPS_ox. Results of principal component analysis and regression demonstrated that STP can be used to predict DPS_ox (r = 0.93) after logarithmic transformation. Soil test Al was also a good indicator of the P sorption capacity (PSC_ox) of soils (r = 0.86). Including the clay fraction in regression equations only slightly improved the prediction of PSC_ox (r = 0.90), while other readily available data (such as pH or organic carbon) did not significantly improve either DPS_ox or PSC_ox predictions.  相似文献   

Fine root decomposition,nutrient mobilization and fungal communities in a pine forest ecosystem     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Despite its importance to energy flow and nutrient cycling the process of fine root decomposition has received comparatively little detailed research. Disruption of the fine root-soil interface during preparation of root litterbags for decomposition studies could affect decay rates and nutrient mobilization in part by altering the community of decay organisms. We compared rates of decomposition and nutrient release from fine roots of pine between litterbags and intact cores and characterized the fungal community in the decomposing roots. Fine root decomposition was about twice as fast overall for intact cores than litterbags, and rapid mobilization of N and P was observed for roots in cores whereas nutrients were immobilized in litterbags. Fungal communities characterized using 454 pyrosequencing were considerably different between decaying roots in intact cores and litterbags. Most interesting, taxa from ectomycorrhizal fungal orders such as Boletales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales appeared to be more common in decaying roots from cores than litterbags. Moreover, the rate of N and P mobilization from decaying fine roots was highly correlated with taxa from two orders of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Thelephorales, Cantharellales). Although we caution that DNA identified from the decaying roots cannot be conclusively ascribed to active fungi, the results provide tentative support for a significant role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in decomposition and nutrient mobilization from fine roots of pine.  相似文献   

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate on Irrigated Russet Burbank Potato     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2284-2298

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is routinely applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Manitoba, Canada; however, little information is available regarding P responses in this region. Field studies were conducted from 2003 through 2006 to determine the impact of P rate [0, 15, 29, 43 kg P ha^?1 as broadcast incorporated monoammonium phosphate (MAP)] on Russet Burbank potato. Increasing P rate resulted in a linear increase in marketable yield in 2005, a quadratic increase in 2006, and no effect in 2003 and 2004. Phosphorus application had no effect on the yield of tubers <85 g, tuber number, or quality, but petiole P concentration and postharvest soil-test P levels increased with increasing P rate. Results of this and other studies show that P fertilization may improve potato yields, although increases are not completely predictable. Additional research is required to refine soil-test guidelines and petiole P sufficiency levels for this region.  相似文献   

Performance of rainy season greengram as influenced by land configuration and phosphorus application     

B. G. Shivakumar  B. N. Mishra  H. M. Thippeswamy  S. S. Balloli 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3-4):371-379

A field experiment was carried out for 2 crop years (July‐October) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of land configuration and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of rainy season greengram under limited irrigation facility. The crop sown on 2 meter wide broad bed and furrow (BBF) showed higher growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield compared to flat bed (FB) sowing. Application of 30 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha_‐1 showed significant increase in growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield as compared to no phosphorus application. The moisture status in the soil determined the optimum dose of phosphorus needed for greengram. The combination of BBF sowing and application of 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 recorded the highest grain yield among all the combinations of land configuration and phosphorus levels.  相似文献   

Phosphorus and aluminium solubility relationships in acidic lowbush blueberry barren soils in Maine     

T. Ohno  N. J. Severy 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(4):485-493

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) is a native plant that is not cultivated, but managed in areas of sufficient plant density to provide commercial yields. A cropping systems study was initiated to compare how organic and three levels of conventional (low, medium and high input) management practices affected soil properties at 12 grower fields in the lowbush blueberry barrens of Maine. The fields under organic and low‐conventional treatments did not receive any fertilizer inputs. The high and medium conventional treatment fields received optimal and reduced diammonium phosphate inputs, respectively. Three measurements of soil P (modified‐Morgan soil test, oxalate extractable and total P) showed no significant effect of management treatment on the phosphorus status of the soils. This suggests that soil P may be leaching below the 0–10 cm rooting zone which was investigated in this study. Equilibrium chemical speciation of soil/water extracts showed that gibbsite was controlling the solubility of Al in these barren soils and that P was undersaturated with respect to amorphous Al(OH)₂PO₄. A laboratory one‐point P sorption study showed that dissolved organic matter derived from the organic pad sampled from the study sites did not inhibit the adsorption of the added P. This suggests that addition of carbon‐rich soil amendments such as compost may not increase P bioavailability of these acidic soils with high Al (oxy)hydroxide (gibbsite) mineral content.  相似文献