内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量     

米春娇  孙洪仁  王显国  高凯  张玉霞  刘庭玉 《草地学报》2021,29(12):2785-2791

为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）测土施氮奠定科学基础，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式，开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明：内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48，20~48，8~20，4~8，2~4和<2 mg·kg^-1，土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4，0.8~1.4，0.4~0.8，0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg^-1，土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17，10~17，6~10，3~6，2~3和<2 g·kg^-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm^-2、氮肥利用率40%时，内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，68~135，135~270，203~405，270~540和338~675 kg·hm^-2。  相似文献   

Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland          下载免费PDF全文

L. O'Sullivan  F. Bampa  K. Knights  R. E. Creamer 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(2):346-363

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.  相似文献   

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations     

C. Rhoades  D. Binkley 《Forest Ecology and Management》1996,80(1-3):47-56

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.  相似文献   

Effects of 'Agri-SC' soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations     

M.A. Fullen  A.M. Tye  K.E. Cookson 《Soil Use and Management》1995,11(4):183-185

Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.  相似文献   

越桔对长白山区酸性土壤的适应性   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

李亚东  郝瑞 《园艺学报》1994,21(2):129-133

在长白山区３种类型的酸性土壤上栽培越桔，研究结果表明，｀北空＇、｀美登＇、｀斯卫克＇在暗棕色森林土上生长结果较好，树体营养关系合理；在草甸沼泽土上３个种生长结果均较差，｀北空＇在水湿地潜育土上生长旺盛，但产量低，综合分析认为，矮丛越桔类型品种对我国长白山区酸性土壤条件的适应性较强，半高丛越桔则适应性差，针对长白山不同类型的土壤，以美登最为适宜暗棕色森林土栽培，斯卫克次之；水湿地潜育土可栽培美登品种  相似文献   

海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

白昌军  刘国道  何华玄  王东劲 《草地学报》2003,11(4):350-357

1998～2001年在海南东方干旱半干旱燥红土芒果与柱花草及作物间作示范区的实践表明，在芒果园间作扁豆、柱花草、番薯和花生可显著提高芒果挂果率，芒果收入比芒果单种分别增加97．79％、98．53％、54．41％和48．28％，果园综合收入比芒果单种分别增加108．55％、98．53％、97．98％和91．58％，同时，果园间作可显著提高果园土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷的含量和土壤pH值，间作扁豆使土壤有机质含量增加53．3％，间作柱花草使土壤全氮增加43．92％，速效磷增加78．16％，从而达到了以短养长、增加农民收入、提高土壤肥力和持续管理利用的目的。  相似文献   

小麦雪霉叶枯病产量损失的初步研究     

康业斌  商鸿生  王树权 《河南科技大学学报(农学版)》1996,(1)

人工接种试验结果表明,雪腐格氏霉(Gerlachia nivalis)引起的小麦成株期叶枯、鞘枯和穗腐,鞘枯使小麦穗粒重减少2.1％～27.1％,千粒重降低9.5％～16.9％;穗腐使小麦穗粒重减少9.6～33.9％,千粒重降低7.8％～17.9％;鞘枯—穗腐复合症状使穗粒重减少10.2％～55.2％,千粒重下降9.5％～14.8％;叶斑—鞘枯—穗腐使穗粒重减少11.7％～47.1％,千粒重下降12.1％～18.3％。  相似文献   

杉木林地套种绿肥筛选初报   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

马祥庆  何智英 《福建林学院学报》1992,12(3):343-346

收集了三十种绿肥,在杉木当年造林地上进行套种试验,根据其生长状况、生物量、覆盖度及对杉木生长的影响,把供试绿肥分成三类,初步筛选出羽扁豆、决明豆、日木草为适宜杉木林地种植的林用绿肥。同时对今后林用绿肥的选择提出了有益的建议。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Legume Intercropping Under 1:1 and 2:1 Row-replacement Series System     

P. Banik 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(5):289-294

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Bihar to evaluate the intercropping systems of legumes, gram ( Cicer arietinum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lentil ( Lens culinaris ) with wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in 1:1 and 2:1 'row replacement series'. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of new indices termed as actual yield loss (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA). This paper highlights the comparative effectiveness of evaluating the intercropping systems through the existing intercropping indices like LER, RCC, aggressivity. The indices AYL and IA seem to be more appropriate particularly when per plant yield is considered. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops compared with respective pure stands. Wheat + pea in 1:1 row replacement series gave the highest wheat yield equivalent value (3.02 t ha⁻¹) followed by wheat + lentil (2.91 tha⁻¹). When the actual sown proportion was considered wheat + lentil (1:1) resulted in maximum AYL (+0.610) and IA (+0.279) values. This treatment also gave the maximum monetary advantage (Rs 5985.45 ha⁻¹).  相似文献   

Long-term application of animal slurries to grassland alters soil cation balance     

P.N.C. Murphy  R.J. Stevens  P. Christie 《Soil Use and Management》2005,21(2):240-244

Abstract. Soil samples from a 32-year grassland field experiment were taken from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm soil depths in February 2002. Plots received annual treatments of unamended control, mineral fertilizer, three rates of pig slurry and three rates of cow slurry, each with six replicates. Samples were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), pH and Olsen P. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated as a sodicity indicator. Mean ESP was generally greater for slurry treatments than the control, with a trend of increasing ESP with application rate. This was particularly marked for cow slurry. At 0–5 cm depth ESP increased from 1.18 in the control to 1.75 at the highest rate of pig slurry and 5.60 at the highest rate of cow slurry. Similar trends were shown for CEC, exchangeable Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Olsen P. The build-up of soil P due to slurry applications, together with this combination of physical and chemical factors, may increase the risk of P loss to surface waters, particularly from soils receiving high rates of cow slurry.  相似文献