丽草蛉滞育预蛹的重要生化物质变化分析          下载免费PDF全文

王曼姿  李玉艳  高飞  刘梦姚  张洪志  徐珵  臧连生  张礼生 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(1):31-39

丽草蛉是多种农林害虫的重要捕食性天敌昆虫,能以预蛹进行兼性滞育越冬,该属性对延长丽草蛉的产品货架期、增加产品储备量及促进产品运输具有重要意义。本研究分别测定了丽草蛉非滞育预蛹（1日龄）和滞育预蛹（1日龄、7日龄）体内的总蛋白质、脂类、糖类及醇类等主要生化物质的含量,以及脂肪酶、海藻糖酶、抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶）等关键酶的活性变化,比较了非滞育和滞育丽草蛉预蛹体内重要生化物质的差异。结果表明：滞育和非滞育丽草蛉的生理生化特征显著不同,滞育预蛹显著积累蛋白质、脂类、甘油三酯、糖原等能源物质以及甘油、海藻糖等低温保护物质,并且滞育个体的抗氧化防御能力显著增强,这些生理生化变化有助于提高丽草蛉的抗逆性,满足滞育维持期及滞育解除后恢复发育的能量需求,保证滞育个体的发育和存活。结果为解析丽草蛉滞育的生理机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Jinmudan Oolong Tea by Different Wrapping-Twisting     

Qing Wei  Ying Wu  Fei-Long Cui  Jing Zhu  Hui-Jing Xu  Ling-Yun Zhang 《茶叶》2013,(4):401-405

In this study,the volatile compounds in four kinds of Jinmudan Oolong tea were extracted and analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction （SDE） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）,respectively.The relative contents of the chemical constituents in the volatile components were quantified by peak area normalization and NIST database.A total of 93 volatile components were identified,46 for sample 1,56 for sample 2,45 for sample 3 and 30 for sample 4.Alcohols and esters were the most abundant volatiles in Jinmudan Oolong tea.Palmitic acid,nerolidol,2-phenylethanol,phytol,cis-5-ethenyltetrahydro-,α,α-5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol,2,2,6-trimethyl-6-ethenyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-ol,a-farnesene,eicosane,hexadecane,indole,β-phenethyl hexanoate,β-phenethyl hexanoate,methyl palmitate,benzoic acid,2-phenylethyl ester,tetrahydro-6-（cis-2-pentenyl）-2h-pyran-2-one and cis-jasmone were in all of the samples.Nerolidol was shown to be the aroma components with the highest content in Jinmudan Oolong tea,which accounted for 26.61％,36.89％,36.89％ and 36.89％.  相似文献   

烟草中高级烷醇·植物甾醇和茄尼醇含量及形态分布研究     

刘宇欣  张健  闫向阳  韩芳  徐业平  刘少民 《安徽农业科学》2013,(26):10835-10838,10896

采用气相色谱法,同时分析测定了不同类型、不同品种、不同产地及不同部位的烟草样品中高级烷醇、植物甾醇及茄尼醇的含量,得出：不同类型烟草样品中的高级烷醇、植物甾醇及茄尼醇均主要以酯结合态的形式存在,植物甾醇和茄尼醇的含量呈现出了特定的规律,即白肋烟及烤烟中植物甾醇和茄尼醇含量较高,香料烟其次,而雪茄烟含量最低.不同品种烟叶中3类组分均以K326及红大的含量较高,云87、NC82及云85中含量较低.不同产地烟叶中高级烷醇、植物甾醇及茄尼醇含量分布均呈现出明显的地域性差异.不同部位烟叶叶片,植物甾醇以及茄尼醇的含量变化规律为：中部叶＞上部叶＞下部叶.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and concentration of the accelerators ethoxylated alcohols,diethyl suberate and tributyl phosphate on the mobility of [14C]2,4‐dichlorophenoxy butyric acid in plant cuticles     

Jrg Schnherr  Lukas Schreiber  Anke Buchholz 《Pest management science》2001,57(1):17-24

Intrinsic activities of monodisperse ethoxylated dodecanols (MEDs), diethyl suberate (DESU) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) were investigated using Stephanotis floribunda leaf cuticular membranes (CMs) and [¹⁴C]2,4‐dichlorophenoxy butyric acid (2,4‐DB) as a model solute. When sorbed in cuticular membranes, MEDs, DESU and TBP increase solute mobility and are called accelerators for this reason. With MEDs, dose‐effect curves (log mobility vs accelerator concentration) were linear but, with DESU and TBP, curves convex to the x axes were obtained that approached a maximum at 90 and 150 g kg⁻¹, respectively. Accelerators increased the mobility of 2,4‐DB in the CMs by 9‐ to 48‐fold, and effects were larger at lower temperatures (range 15–30 °C). Activation energy for diffusion of 2,4‐DB was 105 kJ mol⁻¹, decreasing with increasing accelerator concentrations to 26 kJ mol⁻¹ with DESU at 90 g kg⁻¹ and 64 kJ mol⁻¹ with TBP at 150 g kg⁻¹. Thus, the intrinsic activity of DESU was much higher than that of TBP, which implies that, for a given effect, less DESU than TBP would be needed. MEDs were also very effective accelerators, lowering activation energies to 36 kJ mol⁻¹. Data are discussed in relation to increasing rates of foliar penetration of active ingredients at low temperatures. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Research into fluorinated pyrethroid alcohols—an episode in the history of pyrethroid discovery     

Klaus Naumann 《Pest management science》1998,52(1):3-20

An account of pyrethroid research from 1975 to 1985 at Bayer AG is given. The exploitation of fluorine chemistry for this purpose led to increased activity of known 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroid esters and to the commercialisation of the broad-spectrum insecticide cyfluthrin, the particularly tick-toxic flumethrin and the rapid-acting household insecticides fenfluthrin and transfluthrin. The last two constituted in 1976 a novel type of pyrethroid, based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohols, off the mainstream of published pyrethroid research. Transfluthrin, the single isomer (1R)trans-permethric acid ester of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol has just been introduced to the market. The history of its discovery and structure–activity data as well as resistance considerations regarding cyfluthrin, are presented. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献   

合成气合成低碳醇热力学及试验研究     

袁浩然  陈新德  陈勇  马隆龙  小林敬幸  黄宏宇 《农业工程学报》2011,27(12):297-301

为了解决液体燃料缺乏以及农业废弃物处置的问题,该文分析了合成低碳醇的重要性,提供了一条解决农业废弃物的方法,并通过热力学分析指导低碳醇的合成.文中使用平衡常数法对合成气合成低碳醇进行热力学分析计算,并验证了计算结果符合理论分析的趋势,得到降低温度、提高压力有利于CO的转化和醇类的生成,以及不同H2/CO摩尔比的情况下C...  相似文献   

Unsaponifiable lipids from haulm and tuber sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Mihajlo Stanković  Ostoja Stojanović  Nestor Kobilarov 《Potato Research》1990,33(4):459-464

Summary Fractions containing Δ⁵- and Δ⁷-sterols, 4-methyl-sterols, triterpenic alcohols, tocopherols and hydrocarbons were isolated by TLC from petroleum ether extracts of the haulm and tuber sprouts of cv Désirée. Sterol and triterpenic alcohol fractions of unsaponifiable lipids of the haulm and tuber sprouts were found to contain twelve sterols and four triterpenic alcohols, respectively. 24R-4-stigmasten-3-on, Δ⁷, Δ⁷, lanosterol, cycloeucalenol and obtisufoliol have not been identified previously in unsaponifiable lipids from haulm and sprouts. In the hydrocarbon fractions of the haulm extract, C₂₃-to C₃₃-n-parafins, C₁₉-and C₃₁-cyclohexyl hydrocarbons, C₂₂-to C₃₈-olefins and squalene were identified, and in the hydrocarbon fractions of the tuber sprouts C₁₂-to C₂₆-olefins and squalene were identified.  相似文献   

Evaluation of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids, in combination with alkanes, as markers in the estimation of the composition of four herbages in mixtures     

L. J. Lin  H. L. Luo†  H. Wang  Y. J. Zhang  B. Shu 《Grass and Forage Science》2009,64(1):19-25

The objective of the study was to assess if long-chain alcohols (alcohols) and long-chain fatty acids (acids), along with long-chain alkanes, could be useful as markers in estimating the composition of mixtures containing herbages found in the Inner Mongolia typical steppe in China. Four herbage species, Stipa daicalensis , Stipa grandis , Artemisia frigid and Cleistogenes squarrosa , were collected during the growing season to characterize the alcohol and acid profiles of these herbages. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine between-species differences in terms of their patterns of alcohols, acids and alkanes. Results confirmed earlier studies that alcohols and acids with even-numbered carbon chains were predominant and the total concentrations of alcohols or acids were generally higher than those obtained for alkanes. The results of PCA indicated that different marker types provided different discriminatory information. Alcohols and alkanes provided complementary discriminatory information, resulting in the clearest separation between the four species analysed. In choosing which markers to use, the results indicate that using more marker types does not always imply better estimates of the composition of mixtures .  相似文献   

玉米秸秆的催化热化学液化研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

颜永斌  庞浩  杨小旭  廖兵 《林产化学与工业》2008,28(5):70-76

研究了玉米秸秆在多元醇中的液化反应,讨论了不同反应条件的影响,并分析探讨了液化产物的性质及其组成成分随反应时间的变化.实验结果表明:玉米秸秆在聚乙二醇-丙三醇 (质量比80∶ 20) 的液化溶剂中,当催化剂H2 SO4质量分数为3%、液固质量比为10∶ 2,反应温度150℃时液化效率较高,液化反应180min后其残渣率仅为8.1%.在液化反应初期,玉米秸秆中的木质素已完全液化;随着液化反应时间的延长,其液化残渣率逐渐降低,液化产物的羟值在375 ~ 330mg/g间逐渐降低、酸值在13 ~ 27mg/g间逐渐增加;其重均相对分子质量(MW)为1200 ~ 1450.GC-MS分析表明,液化产物中主要含有多元醇的低聚合体,以及多元醇和玉米秸秆降解产物的氧化和酯化反应产生的羧酸及其酯.  相似文献   

四川红桔皮化学成分的研究——第二报 气相色谱—质谱分析的结果     

王芳生  刘俊华  侯翠英  刘永漋  张聿梅 《中国兽医学报》1987,(4)

应用气相色谱—质谱联用分析四川红桔皮中非极性化成分,发现50多个组分。含量较多的组分有27个,其中21个的化学结构鉴定为麝香草酚(Thymol)、δ-榄香烯(δ-Elemene)、δ-榄香烯(β-Elemene)、δ-荜澄茄烯(δ-Cadinene)、反—2—癸烯醇(Trans—2—Decenol)、橙花醇(Nerol)、9—十八(碳)烯醇(9-Octadecenol)、香叶醇甲酸酯(Geraniol formate)、乙酸正辛酯(Octyl acetate)、十二(烷)酸乙酯(Ethyl laurate)、肉豆蔻酸乙酯(Ethyl myristate)、棕榈酸甲酯(Methylpalmitate)、棕榈酸乙酯(Ethyl palmitate)、十八碳-8-烯酸甲酯(8-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester)、亚油酸乙酯(Ethyl linoleate)、(牛龙)牛儿基丙酮-2-(2-Geranylacetine)、1,1—二乙氧基正癸烷(1,1-Diethyloxydecane)、正十八烷(n-Octadecane)、植烷(Phytane)、正二十碳烷(Eicosane)、6—甲基—3—异丙基—2—酮基—1—丁酮—(3)基环已甲醛(6-methyl-3(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-1-(3-ozobutyl) cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde)。  相似文献