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2006年10月至2008年5月,用活体观察和固定染色方法对甘肃省徽县铅锌污染农业区土壤中纤毛虫冬季的群落特征进行了研究。在5 个样点中共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫75 种（包括9个未定名种和3个国内新记录种）,隶属于3纲、11目、30科、41属;对照1 、对照2 、厂区、县城和牟坝各样点的土壤中分别有纤毛虫42 、39、17、16和28 种;对照样点与受污染较重的厂区、县城和牟坝土壤中纤毛虫群落相似性系数为极不相似（q=0.14、0.22、0.27之间）;各样点的物种多样性指数分别为4.76、4.28、2.15、2.05和3.28;各样点的铅含量分别为211、182、490、427和434 mg·kg^-1,锌含量分别为48.4、46.8、1 194、166和392 mg·kg^-1。结果表明,铅锌污染对农业土壤纤毛虫群落有很大影响,主要体现在群落结构趋于简单化,物种多样性明显下降。 相似文献
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对不同葡萄糖浓度条件下贻贝棘尾虫的存活情况以及最适葡萄糖浓度进行了测定。结果显示贻贝棘尾虫能够存活的葡萄糖浓度范围是在1.1g/L的浓度之下,超过此浓度不能存活。在葡萄糖浓度为0.5g/L时贻贝棘尾虫的分裂速度最快,在最适葡萄糖浓度条件下贻贝棘尾虫的日平均分裂次数为1.222。 相似文献
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2006年10月至2008年5月,用活体观察和同定染色方法对甘肃省徽县铅锌污染农业区土壤中纤毛虫冬季的群落特征进行了研究.在5个样点中共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫75种(包括9个未定名种和3个国内新记录种).隶属于3纲、11目、30科、4l属;对照1、对照2、厂区、县城和牟坝各样点的土壤中分别有纤毛虫42、39、17、16和28种;对照样点与受污染较重的厂区、县城和牟坝土壤中纤毛虫群落相似性系数为极不相似(q=0.14、0.22、0.27之间);各样点的物种多样性指数分别为4.76、4.28、2.15、2.05和3.28;各样点的铅含量分别为211、182、490、427和434mg·kg-1,锌含量分别为48.4、46.8、1 194、166和392mg·kg-1.结果表明,铅锌污染对农业土壤纤毛虫群落有很大影响,主要体现在群落结构趋于简单化,物种多样性明显下降. 相似文献
4.
A 2-year study was carried out on amoebic gill disease (AGD) involving monthly samples of 1+ Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts, histological assessment of the gills and analysis of environmental data. Gill pathology was seen before amoebae could be detected microscopically. These changes in gill integrity were associated with marine environmental conditions, particularly elevated ammonium, nitrite and chlorophyll levels. The results suggest that the environmental changes predispose salmon to colonization by amoebae and ciliates. High densities of histophagous scuticociliates were observed in the gills during periods of advanced gill pathology. A number of different amoebae were observed in close association with gill pathology. Neoparamoeba was not seen in high densities, nor was it associated with gill pathology, indicating that Neoparamoeba may not be the primary agent of the AGD in Irish salmonid culture. 相似文献
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【目的】研究汉江上游纤毛虫群落结构,为汉江上游水环境保护和水产养殖提供基础资料。【方法】在汉江上游汉中市境内的烈金坝、梁西渡、南柳渡、蒙家渡和黄金峡5个采样点,于2013年1,3,5,7,9,11月份分别采集10~20cm水样,统计各样点水体中的纤毛虫种类数、丰度、多样性指数(Id)和Pantle-Buck污生指数(Is),分析环境理化因子与纤毛虫群落参数之间的相关性。【结果】从5个采样点共鉴定到纤毛虫98种(包括6个未定名种),隶属于3纲12目39科45属。其中前口目、下毛目均为优势类群,膜口目、盾纤目为次优势类群,其余目为常见类群。从物种分布来看,黄金峡纤毛虫物种数最为丰富,为47种;其次为南柳渡,有45种,蒙家渡、梁西渡、烈金坝的物种数分别为43,41和35种;从各物种的相对丰度来看,汉江上游水体纤毛虫的优势种为毛板壳虫、钝漫游虫、钩刺斜管虫、食藻斜管虫、珍珠映毛虫、长圆膜袋虫、天蓝喇叭虫、叶绿尖毛虫和有肋楯纤虫,纤毛虫丰度为20 493~85 872个/L,多样性指数和Pantle-Buck污生指数分别为3.73~4.66和1.38~1.73。相关性分析表明,汉江上游水体纤毛虫的物种数与NH+3-N质量浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05);丰度与NH+3-N质量浓度、NO-3-N质量浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05),且与BOD5呈极显著正相关(P0.01);污生指数与NH+3-N质量浓度、NO-3-N质量浓度、CODcr及BOD5呈显著正相关(P0.05),但与DO呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。【结论】汉江上游水质自源头向下游呈现出"清洁-轻度污染-中等污染-轻度污染"的变化趋势,对汉江上游水体纤毛虫群落影响最大的环境理化因子是NH+3-N,其次是NO-3-N和BOD5,CODcr和DO的影响相对较小。 相似文献
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W. Foissner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(2):110-118
Summary The morphology and biology of the colpodid ciliate Kuehneltiella terricola gen. nov., sp. nov. has been investigated using living organisms, various silver impregnation methods, and scanning electron microscopy. The new species has been isolated in soil from central Australia and might be endemic to this continent. The new genus Kuehneltiella differs from its nearest relative, Bresslaua, in having a right oral polykinetid composed of a single row of dikinetids. A reinvestigation of Lynn's slides of Bresslaua insidiatrix showed that, contrary to the statement of Lynn (1979), this species has a typic colpodid right oral polykinetid, i.e., composed of many short, disordered kineties. A brief review of the literature suggests that simple, single-rowed, right oral polykinetids are apomorphic in the colpodids s. str. Further, this special character has obviously evolved independently several times within the class Colpodea and even within the colpodids s. str. An illustrated key to the genera of the family Colpodidae is provided.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. W. Kühnelt 相似文献
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Background, Scope and Goal. The chemical, pesticide and biocide legislation of the European Union assembles a variety of bioassays.
Among the ecotoxicological tests involved, the testing strategy for the aquatic compartment builds up on three tests reflecting
the main trophic levels (algae,Daphnia, fish). For the soil compartment at least one trophic level for a basic food chain is missing, namely between microflora
and earthworms. Protozoa are an ideal missing link as they were shown to be the most prominent faunal contributors to nutrient
cycling in soil ecosystems and as they represent the lacking first level consumers as well as the highly diverse microfauna.
As protozoa inhabit the soil pore water, they can serve as direct indicators for the solved and thus bioavailable portion
of xenobiotics. In order to widen the spectrum of available toxicity tests for a meaningful effect assessment for the soil
compartment, a test with the soil ciliateColpoda inflata (Ciliophora, Protozoa), introduced by Pratt et al. (1997), was improved. 相似文献
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扁吻鱼鱼苗寄生虫病防治试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年4～7月,在室内集约化培育扁吻鱼鱼苗期间,鱼苗相继受到多种寄生虫的侵袭。通过用甲醛、硫酸铜、氯化钠和硝酸亚汞等药物治疗。结果表明：水温16～19℃时硝酸亚汞治疗小瓜虫病的安全有效浓度为0.4～0.8 ppm。水温22～26℃时,为0.05 ppm；40 ppm-60 ppm福尔马林溶液可有效控制鞭毛虫和纤毛虫病；0.1 ppm硫酸铜10～15分钟有效杀灭纤毛虫。硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、氯化钠易引起鱼苗产生大量粘液而死亡。 相似文献
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为筛选出抗红鳍东方鲀盾纤毛虫的天然化合物,并评价其对红鳍东方鲀的安全性,选取了二十种中药有效成分,在光学显微镜下观察统计药物各浓度梯度在10 min、30 min和60 min时对盾纤毛虫的杀灭作用;选择杀虫效果最好的两种药物进行杀虫率检测,通过棋盘法进行联合用药评价;并使用高效液相色谱法研究两种药物在红鳍东方鲀体内的组织分布。结果表明：MNL、NHK两种化合物与盾纤毛虫作用10 min时,药物浓度为8 μg/mL可观察到杀虫作用,药物浓度达到32 μg/mL时杀虫作用显著,随着时间延长杀虫作用增加,但二者联用呈拮抗作用;MNL和NHK在红鳍东方鲀肌肉中达峰时间分别为0.75 h和1 h,在肝脏均呈现双峰现象且第一达峰时间为0.5 h,并分别于3 h和12 h在受检组织中消除。研究表明,即此两种天然化合物具有显著的杀虫作用,在一定范围内具有剂量依赖性和时间依赖性,药物吸收快、达峰时间短、消除快,应用中宜单独用药不宜联用。 相似文献