Lipid characterization of both wild and cultured eggs of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.) throughout the embryonic development     

A.V. SYKES  E. ALMANSA  A. LORENZO  & J.P. ANDRADE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(1):38-53

The present work reports a characterization of mean wet weight and moisture, the lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition from the total lipids (TL), of both culture and wild eggs of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis , throughout the embryonic development. Additionally, reproductive data, such as the number of spawnings, number and mean weight of eggs and duration of spawning period of cultured cuttlefish is provided. Both types of eggs were similar in mean wet weight, moisture content, TL content and lipid composition throughout embryonic development. Females from the cultured group spawned 13 times and laid 8654 eggs in 64 days, with a mean weight of 0.607 ± 0.179 g. A sex ratio of 1.57 (11♀ for 7♂) promoted an individual fecundity of 787 eggs/♀ (the biggest until now on our culture facilities), which might be related to increased bottom areas. The TL increased with day/stage of embryonic development ( P  < 0.05) only in the cultured egg group. However, no differences were found on TL between culture and wild eggs at the same day/stage ( P  > 0.05). Eggs displayed predominant levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cholesterol and triacylglycerol at the end of embryonic development. Polar and neutral lipids of both eggs groups remained consistently proportional (∼50% for each lipid fraction) and a significant increase ( P  < 0.05) was observed in phosphatidylserine, PE and free FA throughout the embryonic development. In either egg type and day, 16:0, 18:0, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 accounted for approximately 70 g Kg⁻¹ of all FA and saturated and n-3 totals seemed to have the same proportion in the cuttlefish eggs. The present results suggest that lipids are not used as energetic substrate but as structural components in cuttlefish egg.  相似文献   

W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理     

马雯波  丁哲  吴智仁  梁止水  杨才千 《水土保持通报》2018,38(6):22-28,34

[目的]对W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理进行研究,为实现W-OH固结改良砒砂岩及其耐久性研究提供科学依据。[方法]采用W-OH(亲水性聚氨酯材料)对砒砂岩进行固结处理,基于无侧限抗压试验、三轴抗压试验,研究其在干湿循环条件下的力学性能,并结合SEM,EDS和称重法对其干湿循环后样品微观结构、元素和质量损失进行分析,以获得其破坏机理。[结果]W-OH砒砂岩固结体的无侧限抗压强度、弹性模量和黏聚力在1～3次干湿循环后升高;在3～9次干湿循环后,固结体的力学强度降低;9次之后,剩下高黏结力的W-OH胶结体包裹于砒砂岩颗粒表面,力学强度趋于稳定。内摩擦角在1～9次干湿循环后上下波动,9次干湿循环后趋于稳定。采用碳元素分析和质量损失分析相结合的方法对土样中W-OH流失特性进行评价,发现土样在1～9次干湿循环中W-OH胶结体逐渐降低,并在9次干湿循环后达到稳定,这与上述宏观力学变化的规律相似,验证了破坏机理,为判断其长期特性提供理论依据。[结论]研究表明可将9次干湿循环后达到稳定的W-OH砒砂岩固结体的力学性质作为土体的长期力学特性。  相似文献   

干湿交替对作物根际特征及铁膜形成的影响研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

于晓莉  傅友强  甘海华  沈宏 《土壤》2016,48(2):225-234

铁膜普遍存在于水生植物的根系表面,根际周围Fe~(2+)的浓度和根系氧化力决定了根表铁膜的数量。干湿交替是农业生产中常用的灌溉技术。在干湿交替过程中,水分和氧气含量的变化导致根际土壤发生一系列物理、化学和生物学变化,从而对根表铁膜的形成产生影响。本文综述了干湿交替过程对根际特征变化的影响,分析了根表铁膜的形成条件、化学组成与空间结构和根表铁膜的形成过程,并在此基础上探讨了干湿交替对铁膜形成的影响以及干湿交替诱导铁膜形成的可能机制。最后对干湿交替诱导铁膜形成的研究方法与应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

冻融作用对棕壤团聚体及其重金属镉赋存形态的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王梦露  王风  许堃  董旭  丛源欣  虞娜  张玉龙  党秀丽 《水土保持学报》2017,31(4):298-303

以重金属Cd为单一污染源的棕壤作为供试土壤,设定-10,-20,-30℃三个温度作为冻结温度,10℃作为融化温度进行土壤冻融循环试验。通过测定冻融作用后土壤团聚体粒径组成、土壤质量平均直径、土壤团聚体粒径中Cd的质量负载率以及赋存形态,研究冻融作用对棕壤团聚体稳定性及Cd在不同团聚体粒径中分布与赋存形态的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤经过冻融作用后,2mm的团聚体比例显著增加(P0.05),增加范围为38.4%~54.6%,土壤质量平均直径显著增加(P0.05);(2)经过冻融作用后,重金属Cd主要富集在2mm的团聚体粒径中,所占比例为51.2%~57.2%;(3)冻融作用使土壤及不同粒径团聚体中交换态Cd和有机结合态Cd含量显著降低(P0.05),铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和残渣态Cd含量显著增加(P0.05)。  相似文献   

干湿交替下膨胀土裂隙演化与强度衰减规律试验研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

汪时机  杨振北  李贤  骆赵刚  许冲  李达 《农业工程学报》2021,37(5):113-122

为揭示干湿循环效应下膨胀土胀缩裂隙的演化特征及土体结构强度的劣化规律,对合肥弱膨胀土试样开展不同循环幅度下的干湿循环试验,利用图像处理技术从试样表面裂隙图像中提取出裂隙参数,并进行低应力下的抗剪强度试验。试验结果表明:1)裂隙开展分为裂隙酝酿期、裂隙快速传播期和裂隙平稳发展期3个阶段,裂隙指标的增长主要集中在裂隙快速传播期,且循环幅度的增大会使土体的开裂程度加剧;2)在干湿循环作用下,膨胀土的内摩擦角变化幅度小于2.2°,其受干湿循环次数的影响很小,土体的强度衰减主要源于粘聚力的大幅降低。膨胀土的粘聚力呈现出先快后缓的衰减趋势,其中前4次干湿循环期间粘聚力的衰减率达到50.97%～66.92%,且衰减率也与干湿循环幅度的大小密切相关;3)通过灰色关联度分析发现,粘聚力的衰减与裂隙面积率、裂隙总长度、裂隙平均宽度的变化趋势具有明显的关联性,其中裂隙面积率的关联度最大,其与粘聚力衰减率间的关联度为0.785～0.832,相应的权重达到0.461～0.472,且裂隙面积率与粘聚力衰减率间具有较好的线性关系,而裂隙平均宽度的关联度最小,其与粘聚力衰减率间的关联度为0.392～0.414,对应的权重仅为0.228～0.240。研究成果可为进一步揭示剧烈温湿变化诱发的膨胀土边坡灾变机理提供重要依据。  相似文献   

高性能耐磨纸的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周小凡  王慧丽  丁佩  皮成忠 《林产化学与工业》2001,21(3):25-28

探索了不同的涂布量、胶粘剂的种类和用量对耐磨纸的耐磨转数、吸水高度和湿强度的影响，通过优化涂布工艺配方使耐磨纸的耐磨转数提高到7000转以上。  相似文献   

超声波-反复冻融协同法优化黑木耳菌丝体破壁条件     

黄贤刚  鲁曾  胡晓文 《农业科学与技术》2014,(8):1258-1261

[目的]研究超声波-反复冻融协同作用对黑木耳菌丝体破壁的影响,并确定最佳破壁组合条件。[方法]利用单因素试验,研究了超声波处理过程中破壁时间、加水量、破壁次数、冷冻时间、冻融次数对多糖得率的影响,并利用正交试验设计确定最佳条件组合。[结果]单因素试验结果表明,破壁时间以20 min为宜,选择15倍为最适加水量,选择2次超声波破壁次数较宜,冷冻时间以30 min为宜,选择3次冻融次数较为合适。正交试验结果表明,各因素的影响效果依次为破壁时间、破壁次数和冻结时间,最佳组合条件为冷冻时间30 min,破壁时间25 min,破壁2次,此时多糖得率可达到57.76 mg/g。[结论]该研究可为指导实际生产提供依据和参考。  相似文献   

Is the decline of soil microbial biomass in late winter coupled to changes in the physical state of cold soils?     

Robert L. Jefferies  Kate A. Edwards  Jack Dainty 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(2):129-135

During winter when the active layer of Arctic and alpine soils is below 0 °C, soil microbes are alive but metabolizing slowly, presumably in contact with unfrozen water. This unfrozen water is at the same negative chemical potential as the ice. While both the hydrostatic and the osmotic components of the chemical potential will contribute to this negative value, we argue that the osmotic component (osmotic potential) is the significant contributor. Hence, the soil microorganisms need to be at least halotolerant and psychrotolerant to survive in seasonally frozen soils. The low osmotic potential of unfrozen soil water will lead to the withdrawal of cell water, unless balanced by accumulation of compatible solutes. Many microbes appear to survive this dehydration, since microbial biomass in some situations is high, and rising, in winter. In late winter however, before the soil temperature rises above zero, there can be a considerable decline in soil microbial biomass due to the loss of compatible solutes from viable cells or to cell rupture. This decline may be caused by changes in the physical state of the system, specifically by sudden fluxes of melt water down channels in frozen soil, rapidly raising the chemical potential. The dehydrated cells may be unable to accommodate a rapid rise in osmotic potential so that cell membranes rupture and cells lyse. The exhaustion of soluble substrates released from senescing plant and microbial tissues in autumn and winter may also limit microbial growth, while in addition the rising temperatures may terminate a winter bloom of psychrophiles.Climate change is predicted to cause a decline in plant production in these northern soils, due to summer drought and to an increase in freeze-thaw cycles. Both of these may be expected to reduce soil microbial biomass in late winter. After lysis of microbial cells this biomass provides nutrients for plant growth in early spring. These feedbacks, in turn, could affect herbivory and production at higher trophic levels.  相似文献   

一种特殊情况的焦点量计算问题     

迟晓恒  万维明 《东北林业大学学报》1993,21(6):108-113

为了讨论微分方程系统是否存在极限环，常常归结为讨论系统的细焦点等问题。用极坐标方法，讨论一类特殊系统的焦点量。化简了二阶及三阶焦点量公式：ｒ５（２π）＝∫０＾２π Ｒ５ｄθ；ｒ７（２π）＝∫０＾２πＲ７ｄθ＋２∫０＾２πＲ５ｒ３ｄθ；并且具体计算出这类系统的二阶焦点量。此类系统的二次项中有两个可变参数ｆｙ＾２（０，０），ｇｘ＾２（０，０）可供调解。  相似文献   

Effect of Reinforced-Concrete Deterioration on Structures     

CHEN Zhao? hui  HUANG He 《保鲜与加工》2003,(2):42-46

s:It is proposed that the research of the structural durability is necessary considering the structural damages under the effect of deterioration of reinforced concrete. The most common reasons, which cause the deterioration of structures in China, are reinforcement corrosion and freeze thaw cycles of concrete. Based on the summarizing of research works of the effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structures, it is indicated that the structural durability research should be carried out either in view of material science or that of structural science, and should be also considered the interaction of several factors with uncertain nature instead of the determined individual factor analysis. The structural durability of serviceable should be paid much more attention while researching the durability of structural capacity. The effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structural capacity, rigidity and durability should be researched henceforth.  相似文献