桉苗灰霉病初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周德群  任玮 《西南林学院学报》1991,11(2):201-204

按苗灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.)是近年在云南省新发现的病害,过去未曾报道。该病多发生在按苗幼嫩的茎上部和叶片上,可造成按苗迅速死亡。早春连绵阴雨,气温较低,致使该病易造成流行,该病的流行也与管理措施密切相关。采取平衡施肥,加强苗期管理是最有效的预防措施。发病期可施用75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1:500倍;或70％敌克松可湿性粉剂与等量的50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂混用,稀释1000倍常量喷雾,每7～10天一次,连续喷2～3次,可有效地控制按苗灰霉病蔓延流行。  相似文献   

不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响     

周江明 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(5)

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下，以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗，60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计，并与对照（没加有机物提取液）进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳，生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳，要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。  相似文献   

银条茎尖培养快繁及离体根状茎的诱导   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

张国裕  程智慧  李娟  周文安  王新华 《园艺学报》2004,31(1):106-108

 以银条‘二细一粗’品种为试材, 研究了蔗糖浓度、激素组合对茎尖培养和快速繁殖的影响及温度、光照、蔗糖浓度等因素对根状茎离体诱导的影响。结果表明: 茎尖培养较理想的培养基为MS + 蔗糖4 % + 6-BA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + NAA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} , 成苗率可达74.0 %。茎尖增殖较适培养基为MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + NAA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} , 每个外植体平均可产生5.6 个芽。根状茎诱导以MS + 蔗糖10 % + 6-BA 510 mg·L ^{- 1}+ CCC 500 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基, 20 ℃全黑暗培养效果最好。  相似文献   

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers          下载免费PDF全文

C. Wang  Q. Liu  G. Guo  W. J. Huo  C. X. Pei  S. L. Zhang  H. Wang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):901-909

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.  相似文献   

Amino acid profiles of rumen undegradable protein: a comparison between forages including cereal straws and alfalfa and their respective total mixed rations          下载免费PDF全文

B. Wang  L. S. Jiang  J. X. Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):601-610

Optimizing the amino acid (AA) profile of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) can positively affect the amount of milk protein. This study was conducted to improve knowledge regarding the AA profile of rumen undegradable protein from corn stover, rice straw and alfalfa hay as well as the total mixed ratio diets (TMR) based on one of them as forage source [forage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 45:55 (30% of corn stover (CS), 30% of rice straw (RS), 23% of alfalfa hay (AH) and dry matter basis)]. The other ingredients in the three TMR diets were similar. The RUP of all the forages and diets was estimated by incubation for 16 hr in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated lactating cows. All residues were corrected for microbial colonization, which was necessary in determining the AA composition of RUP from feed samples using in situ method. Compared with their original AA composition, the AA pattern of forages and forage‐based diets changed drastically after rumen exposure. In addition, the extent of ruminal degradation of analysed AA was not constant among the forages. The greatest individual AA degradability of alfalfa hay and corn stover was Pro, but was His of rice straw. A remarkable difference was observed between microbial attachment corrected and uncorrected AA profiles of RUP, except for alfalfa hay and His in the three forages and TMR diets. The ruminal AA degradability of cereal straws was altered compared with alfalfa hay but not for the TMR diets. In summary, the AA composition of forages and TMR‐based diets changed significantly after ruminal exposure, indicating that the original AA profiles of the feed cannot represent its AA composition of RUP. The AA profile of RUP and ruminal AA degradability for corn stover and rice straw contributed to missing information in the field.  相似文献   

美味牛肝菌中油脂提取工艺的研究     

杨蕾  陈艺  张瑞  杨桂莲  王沁  李锐扬  李琛 《现代农业科技》2023,(13)

采用超声波辅助法提取美味牛肝菌中的油脂，在单因素（提取时间、液料比和温度）实验考察的基础上，以油脂提取率为指标，通过响应面法对美味牛肝菌油脂的提取工艺进行优化。实验结果表明：响应面回归模型显著，拟合性好，可用于预测油脂提取率；优化后的油脂提取工艺为：液料比34.2 mL/g，温度36℃，提取时间4.5 h，此条件下油脂提取率为3.54826 %，与模型预测值相符，表明优化的油脂提取工艺合理。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕年限对根—土复合体抗剪强度的影响     

邢书昆  张光辉  朱平宗 《水土保持学报》2021,35(4):41-48,54

"退耕还林(草)"工程的有效实施,导致黄土高原植被迅速恢复,势必会引起植物根系和土壤理化性质变化,影响根—土复合体抗剪强度。为探究植被恢复年限对根—土复合体抗剪强度的潜在影响,在陕西省安塞区纸坊沟小流域选择6个不同退耕年限(5,12,20,27,37,46年)的撂荒地和1个坡耕地,进行不同土层深度(0—10,10—20,20—30,30—40,40—50 cm)根—土复合体原位剪切试验,同时测定根系特性和土壤理化性质。结果表明,随着退耕年限增加,0—50 cm土层根—土复合体抗剪强度均值呈"S"形增大趋势(51.80～124.01 J/m~2),与坡耕地相比,抗剪强度依次增加2.5%,54.6%,48.7%,86.5%,139.4%和129.3%。除坡耕地外,随着土层深度增加,根系密度明显减少,根—土复合体抗剪强度逐渐下降。根—土复合体抗剪强度与土壤有机质含量、根长密度和根质量密度呈对数正相关关系,与团聚体稳定性和有效根密度呈线性正相关关系。通径分析表明,团聚体稳定性、根质量密度和有机质含量是影响根—土复合体抗剪强度的关键因素。研究结果为评估植被恢复的水土保持效益及生态服务功能、揭示根—土复合体抗剪强度随退耕年限变化的动力机制提供理论基础。  相似文献   

土壤钝化剂对黑土中铜的原位固定作用     

马荣辉  王华云  孙芳芳  宗玉统  吴士文  卢升高 《水土保持学报》2012,26(4):226-230

采用盆栽试验研究3种钝化剂(粉煤灰、磷灰石和膨润土)对黑土中铜(Cu)的化学形态、生物积累和有效性的影响。结果表明:3种钝化剂能显著降低Cu污染黑土中水提取态(DW)、TCLP提取态和二乙基三胺五乙酸-三乙醇胺(DTPA-TEA)提取态Cu含量,其中以膨润土的效果最为明显;Tessier连续提取测定发现,3种钝化剂显著降低非残留态Cu(水溶态和交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态)含量(p<0.01),增加残留态Cu含量,表明3种钝化剂通过改变黑土中Cu的化学形态,降低了黑土中Cu的可淋失性和生物有效性;与对照相比,添加钝化剂能显著降低水稻地上部分的Cu含量(p<0.01),如在400Cu mg/kg处理的土壤上,添加2.5%的粉煤灰、磷灰石和膨润土使米粉中的Cu含量分别降低21.8%,22.7%和31.9%。土壤中可淋失态和生物有效态Cu的分析表明,钝化剂主要是通过改变土壤中Cu的化学形态,降低土壤中Cu的生物有效性,以降低Cu在水稻中的积累;试验表明,Cu污染土壤中施用钝化剂可以修复Cu污染,降低水稻Cu污染风险。  相似文献   

基于电阻抗成像的植物单根断层图像重建     

李星恕  崔猛  杨剑雄  韩文霆  熊秀芳 《农业工程学报》2014,30(16):173-180

为了实现植物根系结构形态的原位检测,植物根系单根的断层图像重建研究非常必要。该文应用动态电阻抗成像技术对土壤-树根模拟系统进行了图像重建,对重建图像进行二值化处理并求出树根在该系统中的位置坐标、面积和形状,并以树根的位置坐标、面积及形状的相对偏差为指标,分析了图像重建算法、土壤含水率2个因素对成像质量的影响。结果表明：电阻抗成像技术能够实现树木单根断层图像重建;将重建图像进行二值化处理,所得图像更加直观,便于定量评价成像质量;基于Newton单步残差正则化的一步牛顿误差重构（Newton's one-step error reconsruction,NOSER）算法,比基于全变差正则化的主双-内点模式（primal dual-interior point method,PD-IPM）算法的成像质量好;土壤含水率越高成像质量越好。该研究为基于电阻抗成像技术的植物根系结构形态的图像重建提供参考。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆汁土壤改良剂对黄绵土抗侵蚀能力的影响     

覃超  郑粉莉  刘沛峰  徐锡蒙  吴红艳  汪怡珂 《土壤学报》2017,54(2):367-378

改良土壤物理性质是提高土壤抗侵蚀能力的主要途径之一。通过人工模拟降雨试验、风蚀试验和野外原位观测试验,研究了不同玉米秸秆汁土壤改良剂喷施方式下黄绵土抗侵蚀能力的改良效果,探讨了玉米秸秆汁防治土壤侵蚀的机理。结果表明,玉米秸秆汁能有效防治黄绵土的水蚀和风蚀。在模拟降雨条件下,喷施玉米秸秆汁的试验处理,黄绵土溅蚀量较对照处理降低24.7%~78.3%,黄土坡面的径流量和片蚀量分别降低40.0%~43.3%和20.9%~34.5%;在天然降雨条件下,无论是短历时低强度或长历时低强度的降雨类型,还是短历时高强度的降雨类型,喷施玉米秸秆汁的试验处理,黄土坡面的径流量和片蚀量较对照处理明显减少,二者的减少幅度分别介于26.3%~62.1%和58.3%~72.0%之间;在不同风速下,玉米秸秆汁可使黄绵土的风蚀量降低24.5%~64.6%。此外,喷施玉米秸秆汁后的静置时间及翻耕与否对不同类型的侵蚀也有重要影响。喷施玉米秸秆汁可有效提高黄绵土的抗剪强度、硬度及大团聚体的百分含量,从而降低土壤侵蚀量。施用玉米秸秆汁后,黄绵土静水崩解量降低了97.4%~98.5%、土壤抗剪强度增加了97.9%~140.0%、土壤硬度增加了11.4%~127.5%;0.25 mm团聚体降低了46.9%~51.6%;2 mm团聚体增加了88.1%~129.7%。玉米秸秆汁是一种良好的防治坡面水蚀和风蚀的土壤改良剂,在施用玉米秸秆汁时,应尽量一次喷施完毕并避免人为土壤扰动。  相似文献