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1.
P. Merino J.M. Estavillo L.A. Graciolli M. Pinto M. Lacuesta A. Muñoz-Rueda C. Gonzalez-Murua 《Soil Use and Management》2002,18(2):135-141
Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is involved in both ozone destruction and global warming. In agricultural soils it is produced by nitrification and denitrification mainly after fertilization. Nitrification inhibitors have been proposed as one of the management tools for the reduction of the potential hazards of fertilizer-derived N2 O. Addition of nitrification inhibitors to fertilizers maintains soil N in ammonium form, thereby gaseous N losses by nitrification and denitrification are less likely to occur and there is increased N utilization by the sward. We present a study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and of the slurry additive Actilith F2 on N2 O emissions following application of calcium ammonium nitrate or cattle slurry to a mixed clover/ryegrass sward in the Basque Country. The results indicate that large differences in N2 O emission occur depending on fertilizer type and the presence or absence of a nitrification inhibitor. There is considerable scope for immediate reduction of emissions by applying DCD with calcium ammonium nitrate or cattle slurry. DCD, applied at 25 kg ha–1 , reduced the amount of N lost as N2 O by 60% and 42% when applied with cattle slurry and calcium ammonium nitrate, respectively. Actilith F2 did not reduce N2 O emissions and it produced a long lasting mineralization of previously immobilized added N. 相似文献
2.
Storage proteins and glutathione in wheat play an important role in gluten network formation and can be modified by supplementation of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in wheat plants. The glutathione thiol-disulfide status and its relationship to the molecular weight distribution wheat polymeric protein and dough rheological properties have been examined after different foliar S fertilizations (S derived from micronized elemental S and NS, a mixture of N urea and elemental S) applied at the post-anthesis stage. Changes in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), polymeric protein-glutathione mixed disulfide (PPSSG) were analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, during grain development using the wheat cultivars, Soissons and Trémie. During the grain desiccation phase, S supplementation (i) increased the GSSG/GSH ratio by 23–25% (ii) induced PPSSG accumulation, and (iii) decreased the formation of SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and its molecular mass distribution. However, simultaneous N and S supplementation results in: (i) a decrease in PPSSG formation by 20–30% and (ii) an increase of UPP by 7–18% by enhancing both the branching of the aggregated proteins and their molecular weight. The mixograph parameters show that all forms of endogenous glutathione are linked to dough weakening and are negatively correlated with dough mixing tolerance, dough strength and consistency, while UPP is positively correlated with dough strength and consistency. These findings indicate that S nutrition influences dynamics of the glutathione forms in the grain and results in modification the degree of polymerization of storage protein. Thus both the changes in the form of glutathione and protein polymerization influence the rheological properties of dough. 相似文献
3.
[目的]建立一种分析微生物肥料菌种稳定性的T-RFLP指纹图谱技术。[方法]采用T-RFLP指纹图谱技术对进口细菌型微生物肥料菌种的稳定性进行分析。[结果]样品中优势菌的T-RFs片段主要是87、246、247、330 bp,其中330 bp为主要片段,Shannon多样性指数和均一性指数测定结果表明,不同批次产品间差异性较小,微生物群落结构较稳定。[结论]建立了微生物肥料菌种稳定性分析的T-RFLP指纹图谱技术,为进出口微生物肥料产品提供了一种快速分析方法。 相似文献
4.
采用不同肥料种类和施肥剂量对秃杉人工林进行施肥对比试验。观测胸径、树高和蓄积生长量,分析不同肥料种类和施肥剂量对秃杉人工幼龄林高、粗和蓄积生长量的效应。试验结果表明,合理的施肥措施对秃杉人工林生长有明显促进作用,与对照相比,年高生长增加34%,粗生长增加26%,蓄积生长增加35%。 相似文献
5.
以三年生狐臭柴为实验材料,设置自然光和遮光两种光照条件,用三种叶面肥进行喷施,分析不同肥料对狐臭柴叶片生物量和主要生化指标的影响。结果表明:喷施氮肥能显著提高狐臭柴叶片生物量,自然光及遮光下分别增加37.30%和15.02%,但果胶的积累减少,分别降低19.78%和17.35%;磷肥能显著提升叶片果胶的含量,分别增加158.08%和239.96%,但叶片生物量显著低于对照,分别降低55.83%和47.40%;复合肥对叶片生物量无明显影响,果胶含量轻微降低。各肥料均使可溶性糖含量降低,且在遮光条件下使叶片内可溶性蛋白含量增加,自然光下使可溶性蛋白含量降低。 相似文献
6.
7.
Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80NF + 80CAN; 80CAN + 80CAN; 80AN + 80AN; 80NF + 50CAN + 30CN; 80CAN + 50CAN +30CN; 80AN + 50AN + 30CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha?1) was collected from 80AN + 80AN and 80CAN + 80CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m?2 day?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m?2 day?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80AN + 80AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m?2 day?1), which lasted 15 days. 相似文献
8.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2256-2264
Olive oil pomace (OLP) contains organic matter and nutrients that could be recycled by composting and supplying it to crops, solving the problem of disposal. The effects of two OLP composts (C1 and C2) were assessed on two leguminous forage crops commonly cropped in the local livestock farms. In particular, C1 was applied on proteic pea and C2 on clover, compared with a mineral fertilizer (Min) and a commercial organic–mineral fertilizer (Org-min). The influence of composts on some soil chemical properties was also investigated. The application of C1 significantly increased proteic pea dry weight at the end of the cycle by 27.2% and 52.0% and grain yield by 23.2% and 43.6%, in comparison with Org-min and Min, respectively. The clover dry weight during the entire cycle was lower in C2, in comparison with the other treatments, while no significant difference was found between C2 and the Org-min treatment both in yield and plant height. Soil nitrate decreased from the beginning to the end of the trial in C1 and C2 plots by 22.8% and 50.9%, respectively. Soil phosphorous content significantly increased in Min by 32.4 and 41.7% compared to C1 and C2, respectively. These results showed that the substitution of commercial fertilizers with compost could be an environmentally sustainable solution. The high presence of heavy metals in compost should not affect soil application at least in this short-term trial. 相似文献
9.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2571-2586
The effects of lower field rate (LFR), field rate (FR), and higher field rate (HFR) applications of carbofuran on ammonium (NH4)-nitrogen (N), nitrate (NO3)-N, available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) contents in natural soils and those amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost on the growth of tomato plants were studied. The NH4-N, NO3-N, available P, and available K contents increased up to FR but the most significant increase in was observed at LFR of carbofuran application. At HFR there was a significant reduction in nutrient availability. With passage of time all these parameters increase up to 30 days; thereafter, a decrease was observed up to the end of the experiment in both unamended and amended soils. The greater plant growth was observed at LFR of carbofuran application and at HFR the plants exhibited phytotoxicity in the form of marginal leaf scorching in both systems. The morphological growth parameters of tomato plants were positively correlated with nutrients availability. 相似文献
10.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):453-461
Abstract The uptake and distribution of 32P from labelled monocalcium phosphate by white radish (Raphanus Sativus) roots at five phosphorus fertilization rates were studied. After on initial period of degradation (approximately 6 weeks), there is a sharp decline of phosphorus uptake. Graphical representation in Tables and Figures of the phosphorus distribution is presented. 相似文献