羊草草原枯枝落叶中能量特征 分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭继勋  王德利 《草业学报》1996,5(4):1-4

在草原生态系统中，以枯枝落叶为主体的能量的输入，积累和释放，是能量流动的主要环节。每年因植物的枯死，转移到枯枝落叶的能量为３９４９．６７９ＫＪ．ｍ６２．ａ，其季节变化呈指数形式。现存枯枝落叶中贮存的能量为３４２４．１０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，经１年分解后，残留在枯枝落叶的能量为２２８２．４３ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，释放出的能量为１１４１．６０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，能量释放的季节动态呈Ｓ型曲线。  相似文献   

分叉管流动的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

M.BELMILOUD  陈善群 《排灌机械》2005,23(2):39-41,48

采用非结构、非均匀的网格和有限元方法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对90°分叉管的流动进行了并行数值模拟的研究。计算网格为500000个有限单元,计算Reynolds数为1500。计算结果给出了90°分叉管详细的流动结构。  相似文献   

表面油流法显示螺旋离心泵内部流动的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

郭乃龙  关醒凡 《农业机械学报》1997,28(3):29-34

对螺旋离心泵叶轮、进水节和进水节与蜗壳交界处的部分端面做了表面油膜、油点试验。通过流谱分析，揭示了表面奇点、分离线与再附着线等流动特征，研究了螺旋离心泵内部流动规律，进而提出了改进螺旋离心泵结构的设想。  相似文献   

Tropical Timber Trade Flows in P.R. China     

HU Yanjie LIN Fengming SHI Kunshan Research Institute of Forestry Policy  Information  Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing  P.R.China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2007,6(2):62-73

The historical transition of timber distribution pattern in China was presented firstly with main parts of timber flows in China, which included timber markets, timber transport system and regulations of timber transport. Based on the overview on tropical timber flows in China, the trade flows of tropical timber from production and imports of tropical timber to export of tropical timber products were analyzed by vivid illustrations. At the same time, problems in timber trade flows in China were analysed in the end.  相似文献   

Fish and flows: Abiotic drivers influence the recruitment response of a freshwater fish community throughout a regulated lotic system of the Murray-Darling Basin,Australia     

Jerom R. Stocks  Sam Davis  Marti J. Anderson  Martin W. Asmus  Katherine J.M. Cheshire  Dylan E. van der Meulen  Chris T. Walsh  Dean M. Gilligan 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(11):3228-3247

1. Fish assemblages in dryland rivers have life-history strategies that have evolved in response to environmental conditions and triggers, particularly water temperatures and flow regimes. The regulation of rivers through the construction of dams, weirs and other water diversion structures has altered natural flow regimes and the associated ecological processes of river systems worldwide.
2. Over a 3-year period, using standardized fish sampling and daily otolith ageing, the recruitment of eight freshwater fish species was monitored in response to various abiotic drivers, including hydrology and water temperatures, throughout the Macquarie River, a large regulated river system of the Australian Murray-Darling Basin.
3. A data-driven statistical classification system is provided that groups species into reproductive guilds, based on their recruitment response to hydrology and water temperature, specifically designed for use in environmental flow management.
4. The eight species were grouped into three distinct reproductive guilds that showed similar recruitment responses to the abiotic drivers. Murray-Darling rainbowfish, Murray cod, and eel-tailed catfish were considered as a single guild, characterized by seasonal recruitment during a relatively narrow thermal window under low to moderate stable discharges. The second group included common carp, bony herring, and golden perch, which recruited primarily in association with larger flow events. Un-specked hardyhead and Australian smelt formed a more differentiated guild, recruiting over a broad range of temperatures and discharges. Limitations associated with using a reproductive guild approach to simplify water management are discussed.
5. This study highlighted important relationships among hydrology, water temperatures, and successful recruitment that can, in turn, be used to inform development of adaptive flow management plans and effective use of environmental water for the conservation management of native fish communities. Important considerations in the design of studies that aim to examine relationships between recruitment and abiotic drivers are also discussed.

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Factors influencing recruitment patterns of Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua oriens) within a hydrologically variable and regulated Australian tropical river system     

D. T. Roberts  L. J. Duivenvoorden  I. G. Stuart 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(4):577-589

Abstract – The links between river flows, water temperature, river regulation and recruitment variability of Golden Perch, Macquaria ambigua oriens, were investigated from the Fitzroy Basin, Queensland. The dominant age classes determined by interpreting growth marks observed in otoliths were variable among rivers. Positive correlations between the age frequency and monthly river flow volumes were greatest in summer (December–March) conversely, autumn, winter and spring river flows correlated poorly for most rivers. Water temperature exhibits strong seasonality across the basin with mean monthly temperatures >23 °C generally occurring between October and April. These data indicate the combination of water temperature and increased river flows are important factors for recruitment. The degree of river regulation is also suspected of contributing to increased variability in dominant age classes within rivers. This assessment highlights the importance of timing of river flows in mitigating the negative effects of river regulation on golden perch populations.  相似文献   

水资源可持续发展中政府管制的作用分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

罗慧  王梅华  杜继稳  赵海峰  寇晓梅 《水土保持通报》2005,25(5):94-99

水资源可持续发展主要指在一定的生态环境区域内,满足生态基流量需求,保证包括人类在内的生命所依赖的水资源水量和水质服务的持续性。以陕北黄土高原为例,通过博弈特征的分析,以及静态和演化博弈说明了政府管制的必要性。进一步阐明政府管制的具体作用:确保水资源可持续发展的基流量、分配初始水权、集中配置和公平的作用等等。最后指出了政府管制的风险和应对措施。  相似文献   

扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤3个小群体遗传变异水平的比较     

邹红菲  董海艳  郑冬 《东北林业大学学报》2007,35(5):57-60

应用6个微卫星分子标记位点评价了扎龙自然保护区包括野生、散养和笼养丹顶鹤3个小群体的遗传变异水平,以及野生与散养小群体间的基因流水平。结果表明,3个丹顶鹤小群体均表现出较高且相近的遗传变异水平,杂合度期望值(HE)为野生0.83300,散养0.80000,圈养0.81000,F-Statistics结果有97.5%以上的遗传多样性存在于群体内。同时还应用两种计算方法计算了野生与散养丹顶鹤小群体间基因流水平:应用稀有等位基因法计算两个小群体间的基因流值为每代1.9个个体;应用FST指数计算方法,并根据基因流值计算公式得出基因流值Nm为1个个体。这个基因流水平和机制能够维持扎龙自然保护区野生与散养丹顶鹤小群体间相近且较高的遗传变异水平。  相似文献   

追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的CLSVOF方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋云超  王春海  宁智 《农业机械学报》2011,42(7):26-31,60

根据CLSVOF方法的基本思想,将VOF和Level Set两种方法结合起来,用于追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的计算.通过对经典的两相流流动问题的计算,研究了CLSVOF方法对对流输运方程和动量输运方程计算精度的影响,并与VOF方法和Level Set方法进行了对比.研究结果表明:求解对流输运方程时,CLSVOF方法的计算精度明显高于Level Set方法;求解动量输运方程时,CLSVOF方法产生的虚假速度接近于0,基本克服了利用VOF方法求解动量输运方程时的虚假速度势问题.  相似文献   

南水北调西线一期工程区泥石流分布特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吕学军  刘希林  王全才  黄志全  苏鹏程 《水土保持研究》2005,12(5):237-239,265

南水北调西线一期工程区是我国水能资源最为丰富的地区之一,在该区修建水利工程,泥石流是经常遇到的地质灾害问题.在考察论证的基础上,结合工程区泥石流发育与地质构造、地层岩性、气象水文和地形地貌的关系,探讨了泥石流分布规律.研究表明,工程区泥石流沟数量较多,但分布不均匀;泥石流沟流域面积集中于1～5 km2,主沟长度以1～3 km居多,相对高差大多小于1 500 m;70.9%的沟谷坡度为10～30°,88.3%的沟床比降在0.1～0.5之间;泥石流分布受地形地貌的控制,受地质构造和地震的制约,受地层岩性的影响, 表现出区域分异的特征.  相似文献