排序方式： 共有45条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
黄土堆积体植物篱减沙效益与泥沙颗粒分形特征研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探究植物篱措施对工程堆积体边坡的减流减沙效益及其对侵蚀泥沙颗粒分形维数的影响,以堆积体未防护边坡为对照,以不同放水流量对不同坡度堆积体植物篱防护边坡进行了放水冲刷试验。结果表明:与对照相比,植物篱边坡初始产流时间滞后100~500 s,其产流率、产沙率整体均较小,产流率在时间尺度上表现为间歇性波动上升;植物篱减流效率在4%~60%之间,减沙效率范围在15%~50%之间,减流减沙效率均随坡度和放水流量的增加呈幂函数形式减小;各处理侵蚀泥沙颗粒中粉粒均占主导地位,黏粒次之,砂粒含量最少。与对照小区相比,植物篱防护边坡侵蚀泥沙砂粒体积分数降低,黏粒和粉粒体积分数升高;黏粒富集率增加,砂粒富集率减小,泥沙颗粒分形维数增大。分形维数与黏粒和砂粒体积分数之间均呈极显著线性相关,侵蚀泥沙颗粒分形维数主要由黏粒体积分数决定。 相似文献
2.
Effectiveness of sloping agricultural land technology on soil fertility status of mid-hills in Nepal
Kiran Lamichhane 《林业研究》2013,24(4):767-775
Hedgerows with intercropping systems were established at the ICIMOD test and demonstration site at Godawari to assess the effective-ness of Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) in reducing run-o... 相似文献
3.
Agroforestry research and development in southern Africa during the 1990s: Review and challenges ahead 总被引：4，自引：7，他引：4
F. Kwesiga F.K. Akinnifesi P.L. Mafongoya M.H. McDermott A. Agumya 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(3):173-186
In light of the large number of empirical studies of agroforestry adoption published during the last decade, we believe it is time to take stock and identify general determinants of agroforestry adoption. In reviewing 120 articles on adoption of agricultural and forestry technology by small holders, we find five categories of factors that explain technology adoption within an economic framework: preferences, resource endowments, market incentives, biophysical factors, and risk and uncertainty. By selecting only empirical analyses that focus on agroforestry and related investments, we narrow our list down to 32 studies primarily from tropical areas. We apply vote-counting based meta-analysis to these studies and evaluate the inclusion and significance of the five adoption factors. Our analysis shows that preferences and resource endowments are the factors most often included in studies. However, adoption behavior is most likely to be significantly influenced by risk, biophysical, and resource factors. In our conclusion, we discuss specific recommendations for the next generation of adoption studies and meta-analyses that include considering a fuller menu of variables, reporting key statistics and marginal probabilities, and conducting weighted meta-regressions.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
5.
覆盖和草篱对红壤坡耕地花生生长和土壤特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
开展了稻草覆盖和香根草篱控制红壤旱坡地水土流失的长期定位试验,研究了香根草篱、稻草覆盖、香根草篱+稻草覆盖3种类型的水土保持耕作措施和常规耕作对红壤旱坡地土壤物理学、化学、生物学特性和花生生长、产量的影响。结果表明,香根草篱+稻草覆盖和稻草覆盖措施实施5 a后仍能促进花生花荚期茎、叶、根、果生长发育,与常规耕作相比,花生增产明显,增产量为460.65~761.11 kg/hm2,增产率为6.19%~20.32%;香根草篱措施虽然没有明显地促进花生生长和产量,但其减流减蚀效果显著,综合效益仍优于常规耕作。稻草覆盖和香根草篱及其组合措施建立5 a后,与常规耕作相比,3种类型的水土保持耕作措施土壤化学性状均有不同程度的提高,并以香根草篱+稻草覆盖措施的提高效果最明显;香根草篱+稻草覆盖措施下土壤小于2μm的微团聚体含量和土壤主要微生物类群总量明显高于常规耕作,改善了土壤物理结构,提高了土壤微生物活性。表明稻草覆盖和香根草篱等水土保持耕作措施是适合红壤旱坡地农业可持续发展的有效模式,其中香根草篱+稻草覆盖组合模式在土壤质量改善和作物增产效果方面尤为突出。 相似文献
6.
The distribution of woody vegetation was studied in forest edges and hedgerows in a 28 km2 southern Swedish agricultural area, characterised by species-rich edge zones. The occurrence of 21 selected woody species (taxa) was related to differences in both edge structure and landscape structure. All the species studied were represented in both edge types, but a higher frequency of animal-dispersed species was found in hedgerows.Animal dispersed species were more affected by edge width and density than wind dispersed species. A higher number of wind-dispersed species were more frequent in forest edges, in hedgerows near to forest, or with a high proportion of forest within 500 m. A clear relationship was found between the number of physically connected elements in hedgerow networks and increasing frequency of occurrence for Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Euonymus europaeus, and Quercus robur; which indicate the ecological significance of connectedness for certain animal dispersed species. The study supports the general principle that woody species distribution and landscape structure are linked in a positive feedback loop. The results match findings from studies in other countries and are interpreted in the context of landscape processes and the ecological characteristics of woody plant species. We emphasise the importance of understanding dispersal mechanisms of woody species for the design and improvement of edge habitats in agricultural landscapes. 相似文献
7.
Innovations intended to conserve soils and improve soil nutrient cycling have not been widely adopted because of technical problems and lack of fit with farmers' cricumstances. Research in Claveria, the Philippines, facilitated and monitored farmers' adaptation of contour hedgerows to fit their particular needs. Farmers tested different establishment methods and many hedgerow species. They initially planted a combination ofGliricidia sepium (a legume tree) andPennisetum purpureum. (grass). Later adoptors chose fodder grasses (especiallySetaria spp.) or naturally occuring vegetation in their hedgerows-either solely or in combination with other species, including weeds such asRottboellia cochinchinensis identified as crop problems. Upland rice and maize farmers who adopted contour hedgerows from 1987 through 1991 were interviewed in 1992. Although hedgerow-crop competition, grazing by neighbors' cattle, and added labor were problems, farmers viewed hedgerows as a way to reduce soil erosion and provide fodder. Farmers planting mulberry were disappointed after a silkworm project folded. Farmers now face the problem of soil nutrient depletion, leading to fallowing of fields with hedgerows and shifting to other parcels. A farmer decision tree model of the minimum necessary criteria for sustainable adoption of contour hedgerows is hypothesized. 相似文献
8.
Abebe KOKISO 《中国鸟类》2012,3(2):137-142
本文旨在研究埃塞俄比亚中部Angacha地区树篱中的鸟类多样性。采用样线法及样点法调查了五个子地点的鸟类多样性、丰富度、相似度及对生境的偏好等指标。树篱中鸟类多样性及其对树篱类型的偏好因其植被组成及结构的不同而有所差异。在树篱生境中记录到5个特有鸟种,即卢氏歌 (Cossyfa semirufa)、白颊蕉鹃(Tauraco leucotis)、横斑拟鴷(Lybius undatus)、黑头林鹂(Oriolus monacha)及肉垂鹮(Bostrychia carucullatta)。树篱的稠密度、高度及宽度影响到鸟类的多样性、丰富度及相似度。较密的树篱常常拥有较高的鸟类物种多样性、丰富度和相似性。组成树篱的植物多样性及其鸟类多样性之间呈高度相关,并与生境质量直接相关。树篱中鸟类多样性较高,并且一些鸟类对某些类型的树篱有明显的偏好,这就对当地树篱优先保护与管理提出了要求。 相似文献
9.
A study was undertaken in Ohio to determine whether the presence of black locust hedgerows would increase water shortage on crop land. Water was applied to bare soil which had carried pure stand maize in the previous growing season, and to the previously established alley cropping plots, some of which had 100 cm deep below-ground fiberglass partitions to prevent root competition for soil moisture in the alleys. Direct soil evaporation was reduced by covering the soil with a black polyethylene sheet. Soil moisture remaining in the top 45 cm soil depth was monitored for 8 days. Soil 1 had a higher organic carbon content and contained more moisture than Soil 2, which had more gravel than Soil 1. In Soil 2 there was significantly less water in alleys without below-ground partitions than on bare soil. In alleys without below-ground partitions, the hedgerows reduced soil moisture content of the alleys without below-ground partitions, the hedgerows reduced soil moisture content of the alleys by about 8% on Soil 1 and 32% on Soil 2, after 8 days following water application. In the top 45 cm depth of Soil 1, the influence of the hedgerows in the same treatment was large within 76 cm of the hedgerows but declined farther inside the alleys. For Soil 2 which had more gravel in the lower soil layers, which prevented deep growth of black locust roots, the influence of the hedgerows was pronounced throughout the alleys but was also most marked within the 76 cm distance from the hedges. 相似文献
10.
The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The
trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4
m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping.
Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa.
Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass,
although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses.
Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain
yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows.
B.T. Kang (IITA), c/o Miss Maureen Larkin 相似文献