光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响     

杨忠武  刘翼  金卓君  徐卫红 《中国农学通报》2020,36(34):134-141

以番茄为试验材料,在田间大棚设施条件下,选用白、蓝、黑、红、绿5种不同颜色的遮阳网,探讨不同光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响。结果表明,在青熟期,黑色光质促进了总氮、蛋白氮以及非蛋白氮的积累。青熟期到转色期,白色光质的番茄有机酸总量较青熟期增加了4.57倍,蓝色和绿色光质提高了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。从转色期到成熟期,番茄氨基酸含量大小表现为蓝色>绿色>黑色>红色>白色;黑色光质的番茄有机酸总量较转色期增加了27.8%;红色光质提高了番茄红素含量和Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;白色、红色和绿色光质增加了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。番茄主要风味物质(>30 μg/kg)为水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮、柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛。红光使番茄水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮和己烯醛含量较白光增加了11.6%、20.2%和17.2%。在大田设施条件下,转色期到成熟期可以采用红色光质提高番茄果实营养品质和风味。  相似文献   

Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet          下载免费PDF全文

J. Loel  C. M. Hoffmann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(4):301-311

The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to winter hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the winter hardiness of sugar beet.  相似文献   

中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展     

林善婷  郑尧  胡庚东  裘丽萍  邴旭文  陈家长 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(32):94-98

对近年来国内外有关中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落结构的影响进行了综述,旨在为开发绿色高效、营养全面的饲料提供科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been shown to alter soil moisture retention and to improve seedling survival and plant growth at the bulk scale. The mechanisms of EPS-mediated water retention include reversible swelling of the cross-linked polymer matrix and the promotion of an aggregated soil structure. However, the effects of EPS on water retention have never been directly observed at the pore scale. Here, emulated soil micromodels were developed to directly observe the effects of physical, chemical, and biological factors on pore-scale water retention. In this demonstration, a pseudo-2D pore structure was created to represent physical features of a fine sandy loam. Replicate micromodels were initially saturated with suspensions of different soil bacteria, and pore-scale air infiltration was directly imaged over time. External evaporativity was held constant through the use of a custom constant-humidity environmental chamber. Micromodels filled with suspensions of highly mucoid Sinorhizobium meliloti retained moisture about twice as long as physically identical micromodels filled with suspensions of non-mucoid S. meliloti. Relative drying rates in six replicate experiments ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 times slower for mucoid suspensions. Patterns of air infiltration were similar but not identical across replicates. The results suggest that pore fluid EPS and micromodel geometry act together to limit evaporation at pore throats. Advantages of the micromodel approach include direct observation of pore-scale dynamic process, and the ability to systematically replicate complex physical structures. These abilities will enable users to screen benefits from different structures and from microbial compositions, and build predictive understanding of the overall function of microbe-habitat systems.  相似文献   

外源海藻糖对NaHCO3胁迫下甘草幼苗生长调节及总黄酮含量的影响     

柳福智  张迎芳  陈垣 《草业学报》2021,30(7):148-156

本研究以甘草无菌苗为试验材料,采用植物组织培养的方法,分析50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫下外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化保护酶活性和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明： 50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫显著降低了甘草幼苗的生长量、叶绿体色素含量、K⁺ 浓度、抗氧化保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性和总黄酮含量,显著提高了丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量以及Na⁺浓度;施加15 mmol·L^-1 海藻糖可显著提高甘草幼苗的生长量,提高叶绿素含量、K⁺ 浓度和总黄酮含量,降低丙二酸含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和Na⁺ 浓度,并且提高抗氧化保护酶活性。因此,NaHCO₃胁迫下施加外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长具有良好的调节作用,可以增强甘草的抗碱能力,促进甘草幼苗生长。本研究为外源海藻糖提高甘草耐碱性和揭示其调控机制提供理论依据。  相似文献   

PEG干旱胁迫对3种葱属植物种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响     

秦立刚  李雪  李韦瑶  胡尧  李俊  崔国文 《草地学报》2021,29(1):72-79

为探明东北地区常见野生葱属植物耐旱能力,筛选野生葱属植物耐旱种质资源,本研究以野韭（Allium ramosum L.）、山韭（Allium senescens L.）和蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum Regel）3种葱属植物为材料,采用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,分析其种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响,并结合主成分分析和隶属函数分析比较抗旱性。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,3种葱属植物种子萌发期相对电导率显著升高（P<0.05）,丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3种植物相比,山韭相对电导率最低,渗透调节物质积累量最高,酶活性变化明显。主成分分析表明,4种酶活性之间显示出强相关性。隶属函数分析得出3种植物种子的抗旱性由高到低依次为：山韭 > 野韭 > 蒙古韭。  相似文献   

不同枣粉水平对陕北白绒山羊肉呈味物质的影响     

冯平  孙旺斌  张骞  薛瑞林  付琪 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1):519-527

本试验旨在研究不同枣粉水平对陕北白绒山羊肉呈味物质的影响.选取40只6月龄、初始体重为(20.15±1.63)kg的健康陕北白绒山羊,随机分为5组(每组8个重复,每个重复1只羊),分别饲喂含0(对照组)、10％(试验Ⅰ组)、15％(试验Ⅱ组)、20％(试验Ⅲ组)、25％(试验Ⅳ组)枣粉的试验饲粮.预试期10 d,正试期...  相似文献   

玉米浆及配合其他有机物料对苏打碱土改良效果及腐殖质特性变化     

段宏美  窦森  王德辉  郑爽  李双翼  张一枫  白月 《农业环境科学学报》2021,40(10):2159-2166

为研究玉米浆(CSL)及其与不同有机物料混合对苏打盐碱土的改良效果及腐殖质特性变化,本文以松原市苏打盐碱土为研究对象,设置对照组(CK)、1/2倍用量玉米浆(1/2CSL)、1倍量玉米浆(CSL)、2倍量玉米浆(2CSL)、1/2倍用量玉米浆与秸秆混合(1/2CSL+C)、1/2倍用量玉米浆与生物质炭混合(1/2CSL+B)和1/2倍用量玉米浆与泥炭混合(1/2CSL+P)7个处理,研究了其对苏打盐碱土的改良效果及腐殖质组成和胡敏酸(HA)结构特征的变化。每个处理3次重复。结果表明:与CK相比,除2CSL,各玉米产量均增加,增长比率为66.67%～193.65%,各处理pH、全盐量的降低比率分别为9.80%～11.09%、12.2%～44.3%,碱化度降低12.67～26.53个百分点。1/2CSL处理的有机碳含量增加了46.19%,HA和胡敏素(HM)分别增加了48.59%和47.32%,I2920/I1720增加了156.3%,H/C增加了25.96%,(O+S)/C降低了30.68%,放热量高温值/中温值降低了48.6%,质量损失量高温值/中温值降低了14.2%。说明有机物料的施入使土壤HA结构的脂族性增强,氧化度、缩合度和热稳定性降低,结构趋于年轻化,其中1/2CSL处理效果最好。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响     

李欣燕  王方玲  张明月  邵志晖  王俊  阳苇丽  赵铭钦 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(12):2610-2621

为研究干旱胁迫下保水剂种类和用量对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和香气质量的影响,以德雪3号为试材,采用盆栽试验研究不同保水剂种类(SAP保水剂、沃特保水剂和自制保水剂TS-PAA)与用量(2、4、6 g·株^-1)下的雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性致香成分含量变化。结果表明：1)使用保水剂可有效提高雪茄烟生长发育前期(45 d以前)氮代谢强度,加速氮素营养向烟碱的转化与积累,削弱后期(60 d以后)氮代谢强度,使烟碱的积累程度明显减弱,75 d时各处理的烟碱含量较对照均有大幅度下降,以TS-PAA 2 g·株^-1处理降幅最大,为32.26%。2)使用保水剂能加速中后期(45 d以后)碳代谢进程,促进雪茄烟叶中淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量增加,其中以TS-PAA 4 g·株^-1处理增幅最高,较CK增幅分别为327.28%、80.51%、79.54%,糖碱比增幅161.90%,两糖比(还原糖/总糖)均维持在0.9左右。3)使用保水剂还能显著延迟叶片衰老,提升烟株的抗旱能力,促进雪茄烟叶中性致香成分积累。4)在干旱协迫条件下,保水剂的使用有利于促进雪茄烟...  相似文献   

腐殖酸复合生物肥对日光温室番茄增产增收效果的影响     

李亚孺 《现代农业科技》2024,(13)

为验证腐殖酸复合生物肥在日光温室番茄上的施用增产效果,选用液体冲施型腐殖酸复合生物肥,采用多处理随机区组试验,结果表明:常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配施追肥与常用肥单施追肥比较,番茄的植物学性状、产量及经济效益均存在显著差异,常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配合追施产量高达8697.62kg·(667 m2)-1,较常用肥单施追肥增产671.01kg·(667 m2)-1,增产率8.36%,收益达20544.28元/667m2,增收1580.4元/667m2,增加8.33%,增产增收效果明显,适宜在温室番茄生产上推广应用。  相似文献