Digital mapping of soil salinity at various depths using an EM38     

Bhaskar Narjary  Murli Dhar Meena  Satyendra Kumar  Sushil Kumar Kamra  Dinesh Kumar Sharma  John Triantafilis 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(2):232-244

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Spatial distribution of Aspergillus flavus and its toxigenic strains on commercial cottonseed from south Texas and its relationship to aflatoxin contamination     

R. Jaime-Garcia  P. J. Cotty 《Plant pathology》2006,55(3):358-366

The structure of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with south Texas cottonseed was determined by analysing samples from 178 truckloads of commercial cottonseed from 35 gins, extending from Fort Bend County in the north to the Rio Grande Valley in the south, from September 1999 to October 2001. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of A. flavus on the cottonseed, and the percentage of S strain (%S) were both correlated with aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The number of CFU differed between both regions and seasons, while %S differed only between regions. Comparison of maps of CFU and %S revealed that CFU shows a higher variation across years, while %S shows higher spatial variation. The Rio Grande Valley had significantly lower CFU and %S strain than the Coastal Bend and Upper Coast regions. Cottonseed produced in 1999 had significantly more A. flavus than that produced in either 2000 or 2001. Identification of factors dictating geographical variation in S-strain incidence may provide insights that will lead to improved aflatoxin management.  相似文献   

干旱荒漠区污水灌溉山地园林土壤养分的空间变异特征     

张慧文  ;孙涛  ;张自文  ;马剑英  ;陈发虎  ;吕光辉 《农业环境保护》2009,(6):1164-1171

以乌鲁木齐市雅玛里克山污水灌溉区为例,采用地统计学方法研究了干旱荒漠区山地园林污灌区土壤中的6种土壤养分指标全N、全P、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K的空间变异特征。结果表明,6种土壤养分指标的变异系数在8.34%～39.68%之间,全N、全P、速效P服从正态分布,全K、速效N、速效K服从对数正态分布。所有养分的块金值与基台值之比都在25%以下,说明结构性因素控制这些养分的含量分布,导致样点之间的空间自相关作用强。土壤养分的相关距变化范围为19.1～116.7 m。因为灌溉污水的影响,强矿化作用使得全N、速效N在质地粗轻的山坡含量较高,而氨挥发则造成全N、速效N在质地细重的谷地含量较低,偏弱碱性的污水加剧了P的固定,使研究区内全P、速效P含量整体偏低,但同时偏弱碱性的污水促进了K的释放,使速效K含量明显提高。污灌能促进速效养分的释放,使养分之间具有一定相关关系。  相似文献   

基于不同地表曲面模型预测土壤有机碳含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SONG Xiaodong  LIU Feng  ZHANG Ganlin  LI Decheng  ZHAO Yuguo  YANG Jinling 《土壤圈》2017,27(4):681-693

Local terrain attributes,which are derived directly from the digital elevation model,have been widely applied in digital soil mapping.This study aimed to evaluate the mapping accuracy of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in 2 zones of the Heihe River in China,by combining prediction methods with local terrain attributes derived from different polynomial models.The prediction accuracy was used as a benchmark for those who may be more concerned with how accurately the variability of soil properties is modeled in practice,rather than how morphometric variables and their geomorphologic interpretations are understood and calculated.In this study,2 neighborhood types (square and circular) and 6 representative algorithms (Evans-Young,Horn,Zevenbergen-Thorne,Shary,Shi,and Florinsky algorithms) were applied.In general,35 combinations of first-and second-order derivatives were produced as candidate predictors for soil mapping using two mapping methods (i.e.,kriging with an external drift and geographically weighted regression).The results showed that appropriate local terrain attribute algorithms could better capture the spatial variation of SOC concentration in a region where soil properties are strongly influenced by the topography.Among the different combinations of first-and second-order derivatives used,there was a best combination with a more accurate estimate.For different prediction methods,the relative improvement in the two zones varied between 0.30％ and 9.68％.The SOC maps resulting from the higher-order algorithms (Zevenbergen-Thorne and Florinsky) yielded less interpolation errors.Therefore,it was concluded that the performance of predictive methods,which incorporated auxiliary variables,could be improved by attempting different terrain analysis algorithms.  相似文献   

大尺度采样下不同模型方法预测土壤全氮空间分布研究——以海南岛为例     

邵娜  张认连  张维理  曾建华  符传良  谢良商  徐爱国 《中国土壤与肥料》2015,(6):9-17

在大区域尺度、有限土壤样点情况下,为探索准确预测土壤属性的方法,以海南岛为研究区,采用近似网格采样方法,采集130个样点,用多元线性回归(MLR)、普通克里格(OK)和回归克里格(RK)3种模型方法进行土壤全氮预测,并以29个验证点比较了预测精度。结果显示:1)对较大区域进行土壤全氮的空间分布的预测精度为OKRKMLR;2)3种模型对土壤全氮含量空间预测分布趋势基本一致,总趋势为岛内自东向西方向逐渐降低;3)0~5 cm土壤全氮含量与土地利用方式呈极显著相关关系,0~20 cm土壤全氮含量与归一化植被指数呈显著相关,20~40、40~60 cm土壤全氮含量与归一化植被指数、坡度呈极显著或显著相关。  相似文献   

四川省土壤温度状况空间分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

翁倩  袁大刚  李启权  王昌全  张楚  宋易高  付宏阳  陈剑科 《土壤通报》2017,(3):583-588

土壤温度状况(STR)在现代土壤系统分类中是确定土壤分类单元的重要诊断特性。利用四川省160个气象站点的多年年均和月均地面气候资料与数字高程模型数据,分析不同气象因子与地形因素对土壤温度(土温)的影响,然后以显著影响的因子为辅助变量,采用回归克里格法预测四川省STR的空间分布,依据中国土壤系统分类高级与基层分类划分标准中有关STR的定量诊断指标,对四川省STR及其空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,气温、经度、纬度与海拔对土温有显著影响,在高级分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、寒性为主,部分区域为永冻、冷性、高热;在基层分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、冷性为主,部分地区为高寒性、近寒性、亚寒性、高热性。四川省STR分析为四川土壤系统分类与土壤资源的合理利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Site-Specific Nitrogen Management in Rice Using Remote Sensing and Geostatistics     

Rahul Tripathi  A. K. Nayak  R. Raja  Mohammad Shahid  S. Mohanty  B. Lal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(10):1154-1166

Proper doses of nitrogenous fertilizer are most important for rice production system because a large part of the nitrogen may be lost if it is not applied judiciously. A study was conducted covering five blocks of Balasore and two blocks of Bhadrak districts. Soil samples were collected randomly, and field visit was conducted during peak vegetative stage of rice. Two approaches have been used in this study for estimating the site-specific nitrogen (N) requirement in the study area. In one approach, geostatisical analysis and kriging was used to develop the soil test–based N recommendation map by which a minimum of 72 kg N ha^?1 and maximum of 94 kg N ha^?1 were recommended. In a second approach, remote sensing was used and N recommendation map was developed using the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite data, and a minimum requirement of 60 kg N ha^?1 and maximum of 120 kg N ha^?1 was estimated through this approach.  相似文献   

基于全站仪的工程侵蚀快速监测方法研究     

王威  朱永清  吴振君 《中国农村水利水电》2011,(9)

对工程侵蚀的监测需要快速和精确。随着硬件的不断发展,特别是无棱镜全站仪的发展,使得使用全站仪来监测工程侵蚀量成为可能。采用最新型的无棱镜全站仪,设计了一套测量方法,对某公路边坡进行了监测。并根据监测的数据通过克里金插值和基于约束的Delaunay剖分方法建立其三维模型,从而达到计算工程边坡体积的目的。通过多次监测,最后达到工程侵蚀量监测的目标。  相似文献   

基于MGWRK的土壤有机质制图及驱动因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乔磊  张吴平  黄明镜  王国芳  任健 《中国农业科学》2020,53(9):1830-1844

【目的】空间预测是一种获得有机质空间局部细节的重要方法,其准确性对于农田合理管理有着重要意义。本研究通过对比不同的土壤有机质空间制图方法以获得更优的预测精度,在预测的同时揭示环境协变量的空间非平稳性特征及不同环境协变量关系的空间尺度。【方法】选取晋中盆地的7个乡镇作为研究区,对比普通克里金（OK）、回归克里金（RK）、地理加权回归克里金（GWRK）和多重尺度地理加权回归克里金（MGWRK）4种不同方法对土壤有机质的预测能力和效果,并探究影响因子在空间分布中对有机质的影响效应变化和这种影响效应的空间尺度。MGWRK是一种多重尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）与普通克里金方法相结合的方法。【结果】选取坡向、坡度、年均降水量、年平均温度、海拔、植被年总初级生产力、年蒸散量、地形湿度指数、平面曲率、汇流动力指数、地形指数、地形粗糙指数、年平均NDVI为环境协变量参与建模,在多元线性回归建模中,模型统计学意义显著,这表明模型具备统计学意义。从Radius指数来看,各模型模拟效果由好到差依次为RK、OK、GWRK、MGWRK;从制图效果来看,MGWRK与GWRK制图效果相当,从有机质的空间预测图可以看出,土壤有机质在研究区呈现东西两侧偏低、中部偏高的空间格局,其中汾河以东、昌源河流经区域土壤有机质普遍偏高。坡向、年均降水量、年平均温度、海拔、地形指数、年平均NDVI对研究区东部有机质的影响强于西部,而坡度、植被年总初级生产力、年蒸散量、平面曲率、汇流动力指数、地形粗糙指数则表现出截然相反的空间非平稳性特征,地形湿度指数对有机质的影响则体现为北部强南部弱。【结论】MGWRK方法的空间预测精度分别达到了RK方法的69%、OK方法的71.74%、GWRK方法的71.17%。MGWRK在空间非平稳性特征的解释能力和空间可视化表现良好,为有机质的预测和空间非平稳性特征的描述提供方法借鉴。  相似文献   

洞庭湖平原区土壤全磷含量地统计学和GIS分析   总被引：53，自引：4，他引：53  

路鹏  彭佩钦  宋变兰  唐国勇  邹焱  黄道友  肖和艾  吴金水  苏以荣 《中国农业科学》2005,38(6):1204-1212

 以洞庭湖平原区典型景观单元为试点，利用GPS定位共取得651个耕层（0-20cm）土壤样品。本文通过对数转化、稳健统计、域法处理和Box-Cox转化四种数据处理方法对土壤全磷进行了正态分布性检验。结果表明：Box-Cox转化成功地使数据集服从正态分布并消弱了异常值的影响。应用地统计学分析方法进行了实验变异函数的计算和最适合模型的拟合，得出土壤全磷的最好的理论模型为球状模型，随后用普通克立格估值方法绘制了土壤全磷的空间分布图。在经过不同趋势阶数土壤全磷Kriging插值误差的综合比较的基础上，结果表明趋势效应参数宜选取二阶。Kriging 估值标准差（KSD）被认为是内插象素值的标准差，并为提高全磷的制图精度提供了有用的信息。应用地统计学和地理信息系统（GIS）的概率克立格法研究了洞庭湖平原典型区的土壤全磷的空间分布并进行了风险性评价。结果表明土壤全磷不同含量水平下的概率分布图对风险性评价、合理施肥和控制P的非点源污染的管理实践将是十分有益的。  相似文献