根瘤菌与灰金合欢及小麦结瘤固氮作用的比较     

吴以德 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(2)

豆科灰金合欢根瘤的固氮活性，自根瘤幼小时开始上升，成熟时达到峰值，至衰老时又急剧下降．根瘤菌在宿主豆科植物细胞内转变为固氮类菌体时，由宿主受侵染细胞分化衍生出周膜包裹．周膜内最初只有单个类菌体，随后增殖为几个群聚生存．成熟根瘤中含类菌体细胞最多，固氮作用也最大，根瘤衰老阶段固氮活性减低直至丧失．本实验结果表明：使用浓度０．５－１．０μｍｏｌＬ－１２，４－Ｄ和０．２－０．６μｍｏｌＬ－１激动素，并接种根瘤菌ＯＲＳ５７１菌株，可诱发出小麦类似根瘤结构的发育，且可测出微量固氮活性（乙炔还原率），但与豆科根瘤相比低得多．小麦类根瘤的侵染位置发生在根表皮与露出裂隙之间，用电镜照片证明根瘤菌存在于皮层受侵染细胞间隙及其细胞内部靠近核的区域．根瘤菌侵入后能够进行繁殖并可大量堆积  相似文献   

不同时期施用氮肥对大豆根瘤固氮酶活性及产量的影响   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

田艳洪  刘元英  张文钊  罗盛国 《东北农业大学学报》2008,39(5):15-19

采用框栽的培养方法,设置同一氮肥水平,按不同生育时期施用,对大豆植株生长过程中根瘤固氮酶活性动态变化进行研究。结果表明,减少基肥的施用可以降低对根瘤生长的抑制作用,使得固氮酶活性峰期后移,延缓后期大豆根系及根瘤的衰退,促进生长后期养分积累及干物质积累,促进成荚、鼓粒,产量比一次性施肥有所提高。鼓粒初期追施氮肥较一次性施用氮肥产量提高3.33%,在花期和鼓粒期追肥及荚期追肥增产效果不显著。  相似文献   

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Rice Yield,Soil Nutrient Profile,and Cyanobacterial Nitrogenase Activity under Rice–Wheat Cropping System     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13):1961-1975

We assessed the cyanobacterial inoculation, green manure (GM) application, and chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain/straw yield, nutrient balance, and nitrogenase activity under individual and integrated nutrient management mode in a rice–wheat cropping sequence. Individual and integrated application of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CB) and GM with chemical fertilizer improved the soil health and production of rice crop. Integration of cyanobacterial and green manure resulted in a savings of 50 kg N ha^?1. Functional relationships (R2, –83.5 to 95.7%) between the different sources of nutrients revealed that the maximum positive contribution of cyanobacteria was on final available N (45.2%) and available phosphorus (P, 18.5%). Green manure had the greatest contribution to total N, total P, zinc, iron, and manganese (Mn). However, cyanobacteria had a negative relationship with Mn and sodium (Na, –30.19%). A negative relationship with Na indicates the possibility of using cyanobacteria as an ameliorating agent for salt-affected soil.  相似文献   

氮素形态对紫花苜蓿盛花期生长及结瘤固氮的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶芳  刘晓静  张进霞 《草原与草坪》2014,(2):1-6

在完全营养液条件下,采用砂培法,研究了3种氮素形态配比NO3--N,NH4+-N和NO3--N∶NH4+-N为1∶1和0、105、210mg/L 3个氮素水平对紫花苜蓿盛花期生长及结瘤固氮的影响。结果表明:不同形态氮素处理下紫花苜蓿的株高、生物量、根瘤数、根瘤重、固氮酶活性和全氮含量均显著高于CK。同一氮素水平下,株高表现为NO3--N和NH4+-N混合培养下效果最好,NO3--N培养下次之,NH4+-N培养下最低;生物量、根瘤数、根瘤重、固氮酶活性和全氮含量NO3--N和NH4+-N混合培养下效果最好,NH4+-N培养下次之,NO3--N培养下最低;茎叶比则是NO3--N培养下最大,NH4+-N培养下次之,NO3--N和NH4+-N混合培养下的最低,各氮素形态处理间差异显著(P0.05)。随着氮素水平的增加,各形态配比下紫花苜蓿的株高、生物量、根瘤数、根瘤重、固氮酶活性和全氮含量呈现增加的变化趋势,茎叶比呈现减小的变化趋势。NO3--N+NH4+-N的浓度为210mg/L时,紫花苜蓿的株高、生物量、根瘤数、固氮酶活性和全氮含量取得最大值,茎叶比取得最小值,根瘤重则在NO3--N+NH4+-N的浓度为105mg/L时取得最大值,紫花苜蓿在混合态氮培养下生长最好。  相似文献   

毛竹根际分离的地衣芽孢杆菌固氮特性研究     

顾小平  吴晓丽 《竹子研究汇刊》1998,17(4):59-63

从毛竹根际分离到36株固氮菌，经初步镜检其中17株菌为芽孢杆菌，进一步鉴定确定其主要为多粘芽孢杆菌（Bacilluspolymyxa）和地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacilluslicheniformis），本文主要就其中菌号为G－8、G－12、G－14、G－17四株地衣芽孢杆菌的鉴定及固氮特性进行研究。结果显示：四株菌均为杆状，具芽孢孢孢囊稍膨大，它们的生理生化特性相同，但菌落形态有一些差异。G－8和G－17的最佳固氮温度为35℃左右，G－12和G－14的最佳固氮温度为30℃左右；G－12、G－8和G－14的最适固氮pH为6．0左右，G－17的最适固氮pH为6.0～7.5；四株菌都可利用碳源固氮，但均以葡萄糖为碳源时的固氮活性最高，依次为64．76、437．23、65．42、90．91nmolC2H4h-1，瓶-1。G－12在培养48h，G－8、G－14在培养96h，G－17在培养60h的固氮活性最高分别为138．50、122．01、170．87、109．81nmolC2H4．h-1.瓶-1。  相似文献   

Effects of Inoculation of Phototrophic Purple Bacteria on Grain Yield of Rice and Nitrogenase Activity of Paddy Soil in a Pot Experiment     

Naoki Harada  Masaya Nishiyama  Shigeto Otsuka  Satoshi Matsumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(3):361-367

Phototrophic purple bacteria (PPB) are one group of dinitrogen (N₂)-fixing bacteria often found in the anoxic and photic zone of paddy soil. In the present study, the effects of inoculation of PPB on grain yield of rice and changes in their populations and nitrogenase activity were investigated with and without surface application of rice straw in a pot experiment. As an inoculant, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain KN122 isolated from a paddy soil was selected, and the cell suspension was inoculated into the floodwater once or three times during the cultivation. As a result, the inoculation of PPB increased the grain yield of rice. Compared to the control, the grain yield was 9% higher in the inoculated plot without rice straw application. The treatment was more effective in combination with rice straw application. In the plots where PPB were inoculated with rice straw, grain yields were 21% (single inoculation) and 29% (triple inoculation) higher. Populations of PPB in the plots without rice straw application significantly increased by the inoculation, unlike those in the plots with rice straw application, except for the bulk soil. Phototrophic and heterotrophic nitrogenase activities (acetylene-reducing activity) associated with the soils or residues of the rice straw were not affected by PPB inoculation throughout the experiment. This indicates that the inoculation of PPB into floodwater may not be effective for enhancing N₂ fixation in paddy soils and that the beneficial effect of PPB inoculation on the grain yield of rice may be due to unidentified functions of PPB other than biological N₂ fixation.  相似文献   

国槐、剌槐幼苗根系固氮酶活性的研究     

唐敏 《北京林业大学学报》1991,(3)

研究了刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、国槐(Sophora japonica)一年生幼苗根系固氮酶活性的季节性变化,并且通过植物离体根尖接种根瘤菌试验和分析植物根系分泌物反映了国槐、刺槐根系固氮的某些特性。  相似文献   

夏花生施用氮肥对根瘤中固氮酶和叶片硝酸还原酶活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李向东  吴爱荣 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,26(4):498-502

氮肥对夏花生根瘤中固氮酶的活性有抑制作用，主要是降低了根瘤菌的侵染和根瘤的形成。但这种抑制作用主要表现在结荚以前．随生育期推进，抑制作用逐渐减弱。不同生育期追施氮肥对固氮酶活性的抑制作用，前期较重且时间长，后期较轻且时间短。施氮增进叶片硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性．但不全是正相关，生育前期和后期都有所变化。ＮＲ与固氮酶之间在固氮酶活性受抑制的硝态氮浓度下呈负相关，而其未受抑制或抑制较轻时，二者呈正相关。  相似文献   

Interactive effects of biochar and micronutrients on faba bean growth,symbiotic performance,and soil properties     

Ibrahim Mohamed  Rasha El-Meihy  Maha Ali  Fang Chen  David Raleve 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(6):729-738

Leguminous crops are significantly involved in the global symbiotic biological N₂ Fixation (BNF), an eco‐friendly process in the agriculture system. Biochar is considered as a vital amendment in improving growth and quality of crops and soils. Few investigations have been conducted to determine the combination effect of biochar with microelements on growth of legumes and soil properties. This study was designed to study the effect of soybean straw‐derived biochar (SSDB) with or without microelements on soil microbial and chemical properties, growth, yield, and seed chemical composition of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Results revealed that dehydrogenase (DHA) and phosphatase (P‐ase) activities were markedly improved with the increase of SSDB rates under addition of microelements and their highest values were recorded after 90 d. Significant increases were noticed in nodulation activities, nodulation numbers (30.1–72.8), concentrations of N (1.62–1.93%), P (0.15–0.21%), and K (0.53–0.67%), and seed chemical constituents due to the addition of SSDB in the presence of microelements. Moreover, the combination of biochar with microelements caused significant changes in microbial counts. Overall, this investigation shows the potential and role of SSDB in enhancing the growth quality of faba bean seeds as well as an improvement of soil characteristics.  相似文献   

Mycorrhiza and soil fertility effects with growth,nodulation and nitrogen fixation of leucaena grown on a typic eutrustox     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):473-489

Abstract

The rapidly growing, woody perennial legume, Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit), is adaptable to a wide range of neotropical soil conditions. Effective Rhizobium inoculation and endophyte mycorrhizal colonization are essential for high levels of production and symbiotic N₂ fixation. The objective of this study was to determine growth, nodulation, nitrogenase activity and nodule composition of inoculated Leucaena as affected by mycorrhizal colonization and factorial soil fertility treatments of a Typic Eutrustox. Highly significant increases in top growth, nodule fresh wt. and nitrogenase activity resulted with Glomus fasciculatum colonization, soil K and linear increases with low‐soluble P fertilization to 300 mg P kg^‐1 soil. Highly significant interactions for increased nodulation and nitrogenase activity resulted with K × mycorrhiza. Interactions of all three factors P, K and mycorrhiza were highly significant for nodule fresh wt. However, responses comparing inoculation with G. fasciculatum and with combined G. fasciculatum, G. microcarpus and G. clavium were not significant. Highly significant increases with applied K levels to 300 mg K kg^‐1 soil resulted with top and root growth, nodulation and nitrogenase when applied with soluble P at 100 mg kg^‐1 soil and 500 mg Ca kg^‐1 soil. Significant and highly significant interactions of P, Ca and K level resulted for all parameters. Plant nutrient element composition of nodules increased with the fertilization treatments for P, Ca and increased K levels. A highly significant inverse relation was apparent with decreased Na resulting with increased K levels. Half or more of total nodule K, P and Mg but less than 20% of Ca and Na were within the nodule cytosol. Sodium, Mg, P, and Ca decreased in the cytosol fraction with increased K content.  相似文献