A grower-friendly method to transfer predacious mites to commercial orchards     

N. J. Bostanian  J. Lasnier  G. Racette 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(5):515-525

The establishment of predacious mites in commercial orchards may be accelerated by the transfer of pruned wood in winter and summer from donor orchards to release orchards. Following winter pruning, 3-year-old and older wood is collected and transported as soon as possible in bundles to a release orchard for distribution. If the release orchard is composed of dwarf trees, then one or two bundles of 5 kg each are placed vertically at the base of the trunk of every tree in the block (0.5 to 1 ha); if the trees are of standard size, then four or five bundles used. Following summer pruning, annual shoots and suckers are distributed immediately in a release orchard composed of dwarf trees by placing 12–15 branches on the foliage of fruit-bearing branches; if the release orchard is composed of standard trees, then 50 branches are used. The pruned wood should have 20–25 leaves and not less than one predator per leaf. The release orchard should have a light infestation (two or three mites per leaf) of pest tetranychids. These phytophagous mites would serve as food and help establish the predators. The release orchard grower should develop a pest management program based on the same groups of pesticides used in the donor orchard. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 31, 2005.  相似文献   

草生栽培对(木奈)园温湿度和果实品质的影响     

余会康  江秋仙 《福建果树》2003,(2)

1999- 2 0 0 1年进行了草生栽培对园温湿度和果实品质影响的试验。结果表明 :草生栽培可以有效地改善果园生态环境 ,降低久旱暴雨后的裂果率 ,有利于提高果的商品质量和经济效益。  相似文献   

The combined effects of cover crops and symbiotic microbes on phosphatase gene and organic phosphorus hydrolysis in subtropical orchard soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards.  相似文献   

杉木种子园病害及其综合防治   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄天章  黄奕冲 《福建林业科技》1994,21(3):67-70

本文列举了福建省杉木种子园主要病害的症状和病原菌，并阐述了主要病害的发生发展规律。综合防治措施表明，加强抚育管理并结合９１７菌剂防治效果较好。  相似文献   

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary     

Károly Redei  Zoltán Osváth-Bujtás  Irina Veperdi 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,(4)

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.  相似文献   

NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS     

Xueqiang ZHU  Peng ZHOU  Peng MIAO  Haoying WANG  Xinlu BAI  Zhujun CHEN  Jianbin ZHOU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):386

● Excessive application of N fertilizers in orchards and vegetable fields (OVFs) in China is particularly common. ● Long-term excessive application of N fertilizers has made OVFs hotspots for N surplus and loss in China. ● Nitrate accumulation in the soil profile is the main fate of N fertilizers in OVF systems. ● Reducing the N surplus is the most effective way to reduce N loss and increase NUE. China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields (OVF) account for 20% of total croplands, they consume more than 30% of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in China and have become hotspots of reactive N emissions. Excess N fertilization has not only reduced the N use efficiency (NUE) and quality of grown fruits and vegetables but has also led to soil acidification, biodiversity loss and climate change. Studies using ¹⁵N labeling analysis showed that the recovery rate of N fertilizer in OVFs was only 16.6%, and a high proportion of fertilizer N resided in soils (48.3%) or was lost to the environment (35.1%). Nitrate accumulation in the soil of OVFs is the main fate of N fertilizer in northern China, which threatens groundwater quality, while leaching and denitrification are the important N fates of N fertilizer in southern China. Therefore, taking different measures to reduce N loss and increase NUE based on the main pathways of N loss in the various regions is urgent, including rational N fertilization, substituting mineral N fertilizers with organic fertilizers, fertigation, and adding mineral N fertilizers with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors.  相似文献   

杉木初级种子园合理疏伐对种子产量的影响     

韦荣建  韦西华 《江苏林业科技》1998,25(4):29-31

对杉木初级种子园进行适时合理疏伐，可使种子园种子产量大幅度增加。按照无性系生长的差异，每公顷保留２４０～３００株、３００～３６０株对种子增产效果显著。疏伐后种子产量年均每公顷达１１４．２ｋｇ。  相似文献   

Effect of long term addition of composts and poultry manure on soil quality of citrus orchards in Southern Italy     

Stefano?CanaliEmail author  Alessandra?Trinchera  Francesco?Intrigliolo  Letizia?Pompili  Luigi?Nisini  Stefano?Mocali  Biagio?Torrisi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(3):206-210

A 6-year study was conducted in an organically managed orange orchard located in Sicily (Southern Italy) to assess the effect of compost and organic fertiliser utilisation on soil quality. Adopting a randomised-block experimental design with three replicates, four treatments were carried out. In treatments 1 and 2, two different composts (C1 from distillery by-products and C2 from livestock waste) were applied. The plots of treatment 3 were fertilised using dried poultry manure. The control treatment was fertilised by mineral/synthetic fertilisers. In order to verify the hypothesis that composts and organic fertilisers improve soil fertility, soil quality was evaluated by selecting dynamic soil parameters, as indicators linked to C and N cycles. Total organic C, total N, C/N ratio, humified fraction, isoelectric focussing (IEF) of extracted organic matter, microbial biomass C, potentially mineralisable N under anaerobic conditions, potentially mineralisable C, C mineralisation quotient and metabolic quotient were determined for each sample. Moreover, the Community Level Physiological Profile (by Biolog technique) was defined, calculating derived functional biodiversity and versatility indexes. Parameters related to IEF and potentially mineralisable C showed significant differences among the treatments. Moreover, total C, total N and humification parameters tended to increase, while no differences were observed in biodiversity indexes. On these findings, it was concluded that composts and poultry manure only weakly affected soil properties, though they increased soil potentially available nutritive elements to crops.  相似文献   

Self‐pollination does not affect fruit set or fruit characteristics in almond (Prunus dulcis)     

Pedro J. Martínez‐García  Encarnación Ortega  Federico Dicenta 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(3):367-371

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江西柑桔园植绥螨简记     

蓝文明  杨子琦 《江西农业大学学报》1992,14(3):269-272

本文调查和鉴定了江西省柑桔园的植绥螨,共有6属14种。列出了分属、种检索表;并对重要种类尼氏真绥螨和香港植绥螨的形态和习性作了描述。  相似文献