A novel approach to studying the effects of temperature on soil biogeochemistry using a thermal gradient bar     

N. Fenner    D. J. Dowrick    M. A. Lock    C. R. Rafarel  & C. Freeman 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(3):267-273

The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH₄ at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q₁₀ = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH₄ emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.  相似文献   

泥炭资源的基本属性、理化性质和开发利用方向   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

刘永和  孟宪民  王忠强 《干旱区资源与环境》2003,17(2):18-18

本文探讨了泥炭资源的资源学属性,总结了泥炭资源的基本理化性质和各种泥炭 资源的开发利用方向对泥炭资源性质的要求。  相似文献   

不同轻基质配比对核桃楸容器苗根系形态和养分累积的影响     

及利  杨雨春  王君  罗也  陆志民  张维胜  韩晓光 《西部林业科学》2021,(1):42-49

为探究不同轻基质组成和配比对核桃楸容器苗根系的影响,为核桃楸优质苗木培育提供依据,以当年生核桃楸幼苗为研究对象,选用泥炭土、蛭石、珍珠岩、废弃木耳菌棒和锯末进行不同比例组合,设置12种不同轻基质配比,比较不同处理下核桃楸幼苗根系发育和养分累积的差异.结果表明,S9(泥炭土︰珍珠岩︰木耳菌棒=3︰3︰4)处理下的土壤毛管...  相似文献   

Kinetic Parameters of Gross N Mineralization of Peat Soils as Related to the Composition of Soil Organic Matter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bentio Heru Purwanto  Akira Watanabe  Jong Foh Shoon  Ken-ichi Kakuda  Ho Ando 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):109-115

Peat land has been considered as an alternative type of land for agricultural development especially in the tropics. In the present study, the N-supplying capacity, one of the most important soil properties in terms of crop production, of peat soils was examined. Ten peat soil samples were collected from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan. Gross N mineralization in the soil samples was estimated using a zero-order model, and kinetic parameters of mineralization were determined using a simple type model. Soil organic matter composition was investigated using ¹³C CPMAS NMR. Mineralization potential ( N ₀), apparent activation energy ( E _a), and mineralization rate constant ( k ) ranged between 571–2,445 mg kg⁻¹, 281–8,181 J mol⁻¹, and 0.009–0.020 d⁻¹, respectively. Although none of the parameters showed a significant correlation with the soil C/N ratio, a negative correlation was observed between the k value and the ratio of the proportion of alkyl C in total C to that of O -alkyl C estimated by ¹³C CPMAS NMR. The latter suggested that the k values were higher in the peat soils relatively rich in readily decomposable organic matter including carbohydrates.  相似文献   

稻螟种群发生演替及治理策略     

孙本坤  邓远禄 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,18(6):592-595

稻螟种群及数量随着水稻熟制和栽培技术的变革，品种更替，治螟药剂的变更，天敌数量的消长，气候的变化而演替。治理策略随着稻螟种群和数量的演替而变化。  相似文献   

敦化大桥泥炭土有机质及其组分研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵红艳  郄瑞卿  白燕  李舸民 《吉林农业大学学报》2002,24(3):65-67,72

研究了敦化市大桥乡裕家泥炭地泥炭土的有机质及其组成成分变化。结果表明：该地泥炭土有机质含量在40．25％－68．75％之间，平均为58．3％，泥炭有机组分以腐植酸为主；与其他地区草本泥炭相比，半纤维素含量偏高，纤维素，易水解物和不被水解物含量偏低。  相似文献   

石灰与有机物料配施对作物镉铅吸收的控制效果研究   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16  

李瑞美  王果  方玲 《农业环境科学学报》2003,22(3):293-296

通过采用石灰(L)、泥炭(P)、猪粪(M)、石灰 泥炭(LP）、石灰 猪粪(LM)等处理对福建省龙岩市新罗区特钢厂附近污染田进行改良的田问定位试验。表明大部分处理能提高土壤的pH值、有机质含量。处理石灰、石灰 泥炭和石灰 猪粪对提高作物产量均有显著效果。大部分处理能抑制水稻、花生对Cd、Pb的吸收，糙米中Pb的含量在食品卫生标准范围内。说明通过调节土壤pH值，改变土壤重金属活性是有机—中性化改良技术的主要机理。  相似文献   

泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土结构及双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响     

王倩  朱燕华  陈辉  张津京  宋晓霞  黄建春 《中国农学通报》2017,33(10):72-77

为优化双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)覆土技术,以泥炭为覆土材料,研究泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土物理结构以及对双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响。结果证实,随搅拌时间的延长,泥炭覆土充气孔隙度降低,容重增加。充气孔隙度与双孢蘑菇产量高度正相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度负相关;覆土容重与双孢蘑菇产量高度负相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度正相关。搅拌时间较短的覆土(5~20 min),双孢蘑菇总产量较高,且每潮菇产量更均匀,更有利于工厂化生产。搅拌时间较长的覆土(40~120 min),双孢蘑菇子实体较大,但是会降低双孢蘑菇的总产量以及影响每潮菇产量的均匀性。本试验条件下泥炭覆土最适搅拌时间为10 min,双孢蘑菇3潮菇总产量34.5 kg/m~2,商品菇产量27 kg/m~2。研究初步揭示覆土物理结构对双孢蘑菇产量及质量的影响,为优化覆土技术及筛选优质覆土材料提供参考。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿对草炭改良露天矿表土替代材料的响应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

位蓓蕾  胡振琪  张建勇  曾纪勇  蒋知栋 《农业环境科学学报》2013,32(10):2020-2026

为探讨添加草炭对露天矿表土替代材料的改良效果,以紫花苜蓿为试材,草炭为改良剂,研究了草炭添加量分别为0、10、30、50 g·kg-1（干土）与表土替代材料配合施用对紫花苜蓿生长性能及抗逆性能的影响。试验结果显示,添加草炭对紫花苜蓿生长期内的株高、生长率、生物量、叶片SPAD值、叶片的细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性及可溶性蛋白含量等指标均有显著影响（P<0.05）。草炭施用量为10 g·kg-1（干土）时,紫花苜蓿的株高、生长率、地上及地下部分  相似文献   

The use of dialysis cells for investigating pore water composition in wetland substrata,with particular reference to dissolved iron and sulphide     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):707-716

Abstract

Details and some evaluation are given of the use of a dialysis method for sampling pore water from depth in wetland substrata (peats), with particular reference to measurement of concentrations of ion species with stabilities dependent on redox potential. The method is based upon the burial and subsequent retrieval (after equilibration) of cells made from dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. Preliminary results of field investigations of concentrations of dissolved iron and sulphide in the pore water of base‐rich mires, as sampled by this method, are given. Results suggest that the method could have very considerable application and that its potential, and possible problems, deserve further examination.  相似文献