Do cover crops change the lability of phosphorus in a clayey subtropical soil under different phosphate fertilizers?          下载免费PDF全文

A. P. B. Teles  M. Rodrigues  W. F. Bejarano Herrera  A. Soltangheisi  L. R. Sartor  P. J. A. Withers  P. S. Pavinato 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):34-44

Plants have developed different mechanisms to absorb and solubilize phosphorus (P) in the soil, especially in environments with low P availability. This study evaluated the effects of different winter cover crops on soil P availability in a clayey subtropical (Hapludox) soil receiving soluble P fertilizer and a rock phosphate applied to the summer crop, under no‐tillage. The experiment was carried out over 3 yrs (2009–2011) with five different cover crop species: common vetch, fodder radish, ryegrass, black oat, white clover and fallow as control. The soil was sampled after the third year of cover crop cultivation and analysed for inorganic and organic P forms according to the well‐established Hedley fractionation procedure. Phosphate fertilizers promoted accumulation of both labile and nonlabile P pools in soil in the near surface layer, especially under rock phosphate. Fertilizer applications were not able to change P fractions in deeper layers, emphasizing that the Brazilian clayey soils are a sink of P from fertilizer and its mobility is almost nil. Although the cover crops recycled a great amount of P in tissue, in a short‐term evaluation (3 yrs) they only changed the content of moderately labile P in soil, indicating that long‐term studies are needed for more conclusive results.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotope ratios of plant available phosphate in lowland tropical forest soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Phosphorus (P) cycles rapidly in lowland tropical forest soils, but the process have been proven difficult to quantify. Recently it was demonstrated that valuable data on soil P transformations can be derived from the natural abundance of stable oxygen isotopes in phosphate (δ¹⁸O_P). Here, we measured the δ¹⁸O_P of soils that had received long-term nutrient additions (P, nitrogen, and potassium) or litter manipulations in lowland tropical forest in Panama and performed controlled incubations of fresh soils amended with a single pulse of P. To detect whether δ¹⁸O_P values measured in the incubations apply also for soils in the field, we examined the δ¹⁸O_P values after rewetting dry soils. In the incubations, resin-P δ¹⁸O_P values converged to ∼3.5‰ above the expected isotopic equilibrium with soil water. This contrasts with extra-tropical soils in which the δ¹⁸O_P of resin-P matches the expected equilibrium with soil water. Identical above-equilibrium resin-P δ¹⁸O_P values were also found in field soils that did not receive P additions or extra litter. We suggest that the 3.5‰ above-equilibrium δ¹⁸O_P values reflect a steady state between microbial uptake of phosphate (which enriches the remaining phosphate with the heavier isotopologues) and the release of isotopically equilibrated cell internal phosphate back to the soil. We also found that soil nutrient status affected the microbial turnover rate because in soils that had received chronic P addition, the original δ¹⁸O_P signature of the fertilizer was preserved for at least eight weeks, indicating that the off-equilibrium δ¹⁸O_P values produced during microbial phosphate turnover was not imprinted in these soils. Overall, our results demonstrate that ongoing microbial turnover of phosphate mediates its biological availability in lowland tropical soils.  相似文献   

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柴冠群  刘桂华  罗沐欣键  秦松  范成五 《中国农学通报》2021,37(32):102-107

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。  相似文献   

Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

X.‐K. Li  J.‐Z. Wang  C.‐H. Zhang  X. Li  C.‐H. Tang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):271-278

To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.  相似文献   

Effects of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on epididymal sperm parameters in adult male rats     

Shohei KOBAYASHI  Natsuko KAWANO  Kenji MIYADO  Ryo OHTA  Takahiro AKIMOTO  Taichi HATAKEYAMA  Maiko KAWAGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):153

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is widely used as a flame retardant and is known to exhibit anti-androgenic effects in vitro and in vivo. To assess the reproductive toxicity potency of TDCIPP, we investigated the effects of 7 days of TDCIPP oral administration on epididymal sperm motion and concentration in adult male Wistar–Imamichi rats. Thirty-five days after the final administration, sperm parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Results showed that sperm swimming progression and vigor and sperm concentration in TDCIPP-treated rats were unexpectedly higher than those in control rats. TDCIPP did not significantly affect the percentage of motile sperms or sperm swimming pattern. These results contribute to the understanding of the biological effects of TDCIPP.  相似文献   

华南地区主要蔬菜磷钾肥料利用率研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

王现洁  梁嘉伟  廖新荣  王荣萍  梁雄才  李淑仪 《农学学报》2020,36(1):49-55

总结了近年来在华南地区主要蔬菜生产区进行的田间试验结果,分析了施磷钾肥对叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜产量和养分吸收的影响,以及目前条件下华南地区蔬菜磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理利用率、肥料贡献率和地力贡献率。结果表明,叶菜、瓜类和豆类蔬菜施用磷钾肥均能促进蔬菜产量的增加和磷钾养分的吸收。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜磷肥偏生产力分别为781.9 kg/kg、257.6 kg/kg、211.9 kg/kg,农学效率为30.5 kg/kg、64.1 kg/kg、23.1 kg/kg,表观利用率为17.2%、9.7%、6.1%,生理利用率为222.3 kg/kg、370.6 kg/kg、292.7kg/kg,肥料贡献率为16.4 %、19.4%、12.9%,地力贡献率为83.6 %、80.4%、87.1%。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜钾肥偏生产力分别为298.8 kg/kg、164.3 kg/kg、165.8 kg/kg,农学效率为29.5 kg/kg、39.5 kg/kg、25.8 kg/kg,表观利用率为24.8%、24.3%、13.0%,生理利用率为152.3 kg/kg、218.6 kg/kg、229.1kg/kg,肥料贡献率为13.8 %、21.6%、17.4%,地力贡献率为86.2 %、78.3%、82.6%。分析肥料利用率分布频率可以看出,磷肥表观利用率＜20%的试验样本和钾肥表观利用率＜30%的试验样本均占总样本的80%以上,表明目前试验条件下各类蔬菜的磷钾肥利用率较低,生产上需同时解决蔬菜产量及肥料利用效率提高的问题。  相似文献   

Functional Analysis of Phosphate Transporter OsPHT4 Family Members in Rice     

Ruili Li  Jiaoling Wang  Lei Xu  Meihao Sun  Keke Yi  Hongyu Zhao 《水稻科学》2020,27(6):493-503

  相似文献   

长期施肥下黄土旱塬黑垆土磷平衡及农学阈值   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王淑英  樊廷录  李利利  赵刚  张建军  李尚中  王磊  党翼  程万莉  唐小明 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(3):155-162

为研究长期施肥条件下土壤磷平衡和土壤有效磷对磷盈亏的响应,明确土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)的农学阈值及合理磷肥施用量,依托甘肃平凉肥料长期定位试验(始于1979),分析了黄土旱塬黑垆土36 a土壤磷盈亏动态、累积磷盈亏与有效磷的响应关系以及土壤磷残余,通过Mitscherlich方程模拟作物相对产量对土壤有效磷的响应关系,计算黄土旱塬黑垆土小麦和玉米的土壤有效磷农学阈值。结果表明:不施肥(CK)和单施氮肥(N)处理土壤磷始终亏缺,N处理每亏缺磷100 kg·hm~(-2),有效磷含量下降1.05 mg·kg~(-1);施磷处理土壤磷当季盈余4.3～207.9 kg·hm~(-2),累积盈余154.9～7 483.6 kg·hm~(-2),其中有机、无机配施(MNP)处理磷盈余最大;土壤累积磷盈余与土壤有效磷增量呈线性正相关,土壤中每盈余100 kg·hm~(-2)磷,秸秆还田配施化肥(SNP,磷肥隔年施)、氮磷配施(NP)、有机肥(M)和有机、无机配施(MNP)处理土壤有效磷分别增加7.55、2.47、0.28 mg·kg~(-1)和0.46 mg·kg~(-1);黄土旱塬黑垆土农田有效磷的小麦和玉米农学阈值分别为22.05 mg·kg~(-1)和13.96 mg·kg~(-1),MNP处理土壤有效磷含量已高于作物农学阈值,NP和SNP处理土壤有效磷含量达到小麦农学阈值分别需要21 a和24 a,达到玉米农学阈值分别需要2 a和8 a,M处理土壤有效磷含量已高于玉米农学阈值,还需要3 a可达到小麦农学阈值。当磷投入量每年平均达22.9 kg·hm~(-2)时,土壤磷呈持平状态;当磷用量达33 kg·hm~(-2)时,不仅作物产量较高,而且磷肥当季利用率也较高;当磷用量增加到233 kg·hm~(-2)时,作物产量对增加磷投入无响应,土壤磷残余超过90%,大量磷素累积在土壤中,增加了土壤磷素的流失风险。黄土旱塬小麦玉米一年一熟轮作黑垆土农田土壤有效磷农学阈值为13.96 mg·kg~(-1)(玉米)和22.05 mg·kg~(-1)(小麦),秸秆还田可促进旱地农田耕层土壤有效磷含量的增加。  相似文献   

氮磷减量与液体有机肥配施对膜下滴灌棉田土壤养分的影响     

李源  李青军  张炎  哈丽哈什·依巴提  王爱莲 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(2):99-104

以新疆膜下滴灌棉田为试材,研究氮磷减量与液体有机肥配施对膜下滴灌棉田土壤养分的影响。试验设11个处理:(1)常规施肥(NP);(2)80%常规施肥(80%NP);(3)80%常规施肥+低量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+LAA);(4)80%常规施肥+中量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+MAA);(5)80%常规施肥+高量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+HAA);(6)80%常规施肥+低量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+LFA);(7)80%常规施肥+中量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+MFA);(8)80%常规施肥+高量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+HFA);(9)80%常规施肥+低量沼液有机肥(80%NP+LBS);(10)80%常规施肥+中量沼液有机肥(80%NP+MBS);(11)80%常规施肥+高量沼液有机肥(80%NP+HBS);分别在蕾期、花期、成熟期采集0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤,测定土壤pH值、有机质、氮、磷、钾等有效养分含量。研究结果表明:(1)蕾期时,80%常规施肥配施高量黄腐酸、沼液有机肥显著降低了0～20 cm土层土壤pH值,并对提高土壤速效氮、速效磷含量效果最好。(2)花期时,80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥对提高0～20 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷含量效果最好。(3)成熟期时,80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥对降低0～20 cm土层土壤pH值、提高土壤有机质含量效果最好。综上所述,新疆滴灌棉田应用80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥效果最好,是新疆滴灌棉田提高土壤肥力和肥料利用率的有效途径。  相似文献   

磷酸二氢钾对酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’果实类黄酮物质的影响     

赵婷  赵亚蒙  王雨婷  段冰冰  张振文 《西北林学院学报》2020,35(1):118-123

以‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试验材料,于转色前1~2周、转色末期在叶幕上喷施浓度为3 g·L^-1的磷酸二氢钾,研究其对酿酒葡萄果实类黄酮物质的影响,旨在改善果实着色及其他类黄酮物质的含量,为优质葡萄酒酿造奠定基础。结果表明,转色末期喷施磷酸二氢钾能显著地提高‘赤霞珠’花色苷和黄酮醇的含量,花色苷含量较对照提高了30%,黄酮醇含量提高了48%;但喷施磷酸二氢钾降低了黄烷醇的含量,其中,磷酸二氢钾的喷施时期对其含量影响较大,转色前1周喷施处理的葡萄果实黄烷醇含量显著低于转色末期的喷施处理。说明转色末期喷施3 g·L^-1的磷酸二氢钾有利于花色苷与黄酮醇含量的积累。  相似文献