Biochemical properties of the pathogenesis-related proteins from tobacco     

J. F. Antoniw  R. F. White 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1983,89(6):255-264

This review describes the discovery and identification of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) from tobacco. In crude leaf extracts the PRs are distinguished from the proteins in uninfected plants by their solubility at pH 3, resistance to a range of proteases, and mobility in polyacrylamide gels upon electrophoresis (PAGE) in non-denaturing conditions. PAGE has been used as a qualitative and semi-quantitative assay for PRs, and their migration in gels made from different acrylamide concentrations has been used to identify charge and size isomers and electrophoretically identical PRs in different tobacco cultivars. The subunit composition and molecular weight (mol. wt) of the four PRs identified first in Xanthi-nc were determined by SDS-PAGE; staining the gels has shown that these same four proteins in Samsun NN did not contain carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid, nor were they isozymic forms of twenty five enzymes known to increase in activity following infection with TMV. Evidence suggests that most of the PRs in Xanthi-nc and Samsun NN are extracellular.The purification of several PRs from Xanthi-nc, Samsun NN and other tobaccos is described, as well as their mol. wt, subunit and amino acid composition. PRs 1a, b and c consist of a single polypeptide and have similar mol. wt and amino acid compositions. Antisera prepared against purified Xanthi-nc b₁ protein have been used to determine serological relationships between PRs and form the basis of a very sensitive quantitative assay using ELISA. The regulation of synthesis of some PRs has been shown to involve translational control.  相似文献   

An improved method for extraction of sorghum polymeric protein complexes     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

A method for fractionating sorghum proteins using extraction solvents and techniques designed to obtain polymeric protein structures (especially disulfide linked) was developed. Extraction and separation conditions were optimized in terms of completeness of protein extraction, sample stability, and analytical resolution. After pre-extraction of albumins and globulins, a 3-step sequential procedure involving no reducing agents was applied to ground whole sorghum flour. The three fractions obtained represented proportionally different protein polymer contents and molecular weight distribution as evidenced by comparative size exclusion chromatography. Protein composition also varied among the extracts with differences in kafirin composition and non-kafirin proteins detected in the fractions by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE analysis. The ability to quantify and further characterize sorghum polymeric protein complexes will be useful for additional studies linking protein structures with functionality and digestibility and variations for these properties within diverse sorghum germplasm.  相似文献   

不同施肥和保水措施对油茶土壤N₂O排放的影响     

王书丽  郭晓敏  黄立君  袁希  董星宇  肖斌  方海富  高宇  牛德奎  张令 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(9):2089-2097

为探究不同施肥和保水措施对油茶土壤N_2O排放的影响,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,设置对照(B0CK)、氮肥(N,0.13 g N·kg~(-1))、磷肥(P,0.065 g P·kg~(-1))、氮磷肥(NP,0.13 g N·kg~(-1)+0.065 g P·kg~(-1))、低复合保水材料(生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺,B1,每盆13.65 g炭+1.35 g聚丙烯酰胺)、高复合保水材料(生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺,B2,每盆27.30 g炭+2.70 g聚丙烯酰胺)、低复合保水材料和N(NB1)、高复合保水材料和N(NB2)、低复合保水材料和P(PB1)、高复合保水材料和P(PB2)、低复合保水材料和NP(NPB1)、高复合保水材料和NP(NPB2),共12个处理,进行不同施肥和保水措施下土壤N_2O排放的差异比较。结果表明,N、P添加均显著增加土壤N_2O的累积排放量,NP添加与对照无差异。施加复合保水材料抑制土壤N_2O的排放,随着复合保水材料施用量的增加,土壤N_2O的排放显著降低,与对照相比,B1和B2处理N_2O减排50%以上。N添加条件下,与对照相比,添加复合保水材料NB1、NB2的N_2O累积排放显著降低。P与复合保水材料无交互作用。N、P和复合保水材料对土壤N_2O累积排放量具有显著作用,在NP同施时,与对照相比,添加复合保水材料NPB1、NPB2的N_2O累积排放分别降低了1.18%、30.69%。因此,高复合保水材料类型的施肥措施对减少油茶土壤N_2O排放具有重要意义,从而对缓解全球气候变化具有重要影响。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区垄沟改良措施对玉米水分利用效率的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

方锋  黄占斌 《干旱地区农业研究》2006,24(5):20-24

选择延安地区作为黄土丘陵区的代表,在延安地区应用地膜、液态地膜、保水剂、PAM(土壤改良剂)和间作套种措施优化大垄沟种植方式种植玉米,分析了不同优化措施种植玉米的水分利用效率。结果表明,地膜、保水剂、PAM和间作方式有利于大垄沟较好地保持土壤水分,其保水能力分别比平种高出17.4%、8.5%、11.6%、5.3%;液态地膜、地膜、间作和PAM表现出很好的增产效果,其产量分别比平种高出77.7%、72.0%、64.1%、30.8%。  相似文献   

粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺固沙效果的风洞试验   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

杨凯  唐泽军  赵智  封建章  郭平  丁涛 《农业工程学报》2012,28(4):54-59

寻找经济高效的固沙措施对于防治风沙危害具有重要意义。该文采用室内风洞试验,研究了不同粉煤灰施用率(10%,20%和30%)的固沙效果及在粉煤灰最佳施用率的基础上不同聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用率(0.05%和0.1%)对其的强化作用。试验研究结果表明,沙土施加粉煤灰后起动风速显著提高,施加PAM进一步小幅提高其起动风速;粉煤灰施用率为20%的沙土可以最有效地抵御8m/s净风和风沙流历时10min的吹蚀;施加粉煤灰的沙土在14m/s净风和风沙流历时10min的吹蚀条件下发生中度风蚀,其风蚀率随着粉煤灰施用率的增大而呈逐步降低的趋势;施加粉煤灰和PAM的沙土可以有效地抵御14m/s风沙流历时30min的吹蚀;从经济意义上考虑,推荐粉煤灰施用率为20%和PAM施用率为0.05%的用量水平处理用于风蚀防治。  相似文献   

Fractionation of soil humic acids by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of concentrated urea     

Saiful Karim 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):827-839

To separate soil humic acids (HAs) into their constituents and characterize them, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in the presence of 7 M urea using a preparative electrophoresis system. Two types of soil HAs were fractionated into nine fractions by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents were recovered from the electrophoretic fractions by precipitation on acidification, and the brown-colored constituents dissolved in the acidic solution of fast-moving fractions were recovered by adsorption onto DAX-8 resin. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) confirmed that the constituents of the HAs were separated based on their molecular size by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents exhibited higher degrees of humification than did the corresponding unfractionated HAs, except for the constituents remaining in the electrophoretic gels at the end of electrophoresis. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that the chemical properties of the dark-colored constituents changed regularly: the content of carboxyl groups decreased and the proportions of proteinous, aliphatic and polysaccharide moieties increased with increasing molecular size. The humification degrees of the constituents adsorbed onto DAX-8 resin were considerably lower than those of the corresponding unfractionated HAs. The chemical properties of the DAX-8-adsorbed constituents were different from those of the dark-colored constituents. Observation of electrophoretic fractions under blue light (470 nm) and HPSEC with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm showed that green fluorescent substances were largely concentrated in the smallest molecular size fractions and were partitioned into both the dark-colored precipitates and DAX-8-adsorbed fractions. The proportion of organic carbon recovered by precipitation and adsorption onto DAX-8 resin was 45–63%, indicating that substantial parts of the HA constituents were missing. The unrecovered constituents were considered to be acid-soluble, nearly colorless substances. The dissociation of the acid-soluble constituents from the acid-insoluble dark-colored constituents during the preparative PAGE of soil HAs was ascribed to disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions caused by concentrated urea.  相似文献   

豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)不同器官与不同发育期中过氧化物酶同工酶分析     

顾之中  董闻达  熊友发  蒋鸟琴 《江西农业大学学报》1991,(4)

本文用凝胶电泳法测定了豚草根、茎、叶不同器官过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱,按其酶带相对迁移率(R_m),可分为11条酶带.豚草植株过氧化物酶同工酶与其他植物一样,有明显的器官特异性和阶段发育特异性.结果表明豚草茎叶中过氧化物酶酶谱在开花前后有明显的变化:(1)开花期较开花前酶带明显地增多;(2)开花期在主茎或叶片中,都会出现一条颜色较浅的,该器官花期特有的酶带;(3)豚草株体内一条主酶带(E 带)在开花期明显变浅.上述过氧化物酶同工酶的三种变化,为判断豚草植株体内开花前后生理生化变化提供了一种生化指标.  相似文献   

玉米种子清蛋白 PAGE 谱带稳定性及玉米杂交种纯度检验     

陈景堂  池书敏  刘志增 《河北农业大学学报》2000,23(4):29-32

利用改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术对１１个不同玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．）自交系和杂交种种子清蛋白（ａｌｂｕｍｉｎ）进行了电泳分析。结果表明,改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对玉米种子清蛋白具有较高的分辨率;玉米种子清蛋白存在丰富的多态性,各自交系和杂交种的电泳图均具有鲜明特征,并构成其独特的生化“指纹”;电泳谱带具有相对稳定性,基本不受产地和收获早晚的影响。  相似文献   

翘嘴红鲌和海南红鲌同工酶的比较研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

朱华平  黄樟翰  卢迈新 《大连水产学院学报》2003,18(3):175-179

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术，对翘嘴红鲌Erythroculter ilishaeformis(Bleeker)和海南红鲌Erydtroculter reclurviceps(Richardson)的眼、肝、心、肾和背部白肌5种器官组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)4种同工酶进行了初步比较分析。结果表明，5种器官组织的LDH，肾脏和心脏的MDH及眼和心脏的SOD等同工酶谱带相似。一些器官组织的EST、MDH和SOD同工酶有特异性地表达，条带数目及各酶带的活性存在一定差异，表现出明显的组织和物种特异性。  相似文献   

中国林蛙六种组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究     

韩雅莉 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(4)

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合光密度扫描的方法,对中国林蛙6种组织器官的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行分析研究,结果表明:存在3种基因(Ldh-A、-B、-C)编码的LDH 同工酶;在不同组织中 LDH 同工酶差异显著,其中心肌以 LDH_2、LDH_1活性最高,骨骼肌、肝脏以及脑组织以 LDH_5活性最高,LDHc 仅出现在肝脏及骨骼肌中。  相似文献