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Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches. 相似文献
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为了提高鮑资源的利用率,开发新型香精,以鲍蒸煮液美拉德反应产物为基料,感官评定为指标,在单因素及L_9(3~4)正交试验基础上,确立了口感和海鲜风味俱佳的鲍复合调味品最佳配方为:盐添加量35%、味精添加量40%、玉米淀粉添加量9%、鲍风味基料添加量为6%、白砂糖添加量4%、麦芽糊精添加量3%、呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)添加量1.5%、酵母抽提物添加量1.5%。研究了不同的造粒方式和干燥方法对颗粒产品吸湿性、溶解性、流动性、质构特性及感官评定的影响;相关理化、性能指标为:完全溶解于90~100℃热水中的时间需要72 s,且分散良好、溶液微浑浊、无沉淀,鲜味足;堆密度为(0.61±0.01)g/cm~3,硬度为(3 642±122.198)g,吸湿性为(9.35±0.01)%,临界湿度值为60%,休止角为33.0°,总体可接受度为(7.81±0.12)分。研究结果表明,旋转造粒和流化床干燥的产品质量最佳,吸湿性比较小,溶解性、流动性和质地性都比较好,感官评分最高。 相似文献
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多棘海盘车用作新型海洋食品原料的可行性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多棘海盘车（ Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ） 在中国沿海居民中有长期食用的历史,其可食部为生殖腺（ 海星黄） ,但有麻辣感。海星黄含蛋白质达１５ ．４６ ％ ,其氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例合理。海星黄还富含微量元素、维生素、脂肪等营养元素,脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富。海星黄麻辣味可能由硫酸酯甾体皂甙引起,大部分可通过脱麻辣味及脱毒操作除去。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌胃８ 和１２ ｇ／ｋｇ 脱毒的海星黄,未见毒性反应;短期喂养试验（１２ ｇ／ｋｇ ,３０ ｄ） 也未见毒性反应。两项试验中,小鼠肝、心、肾、肺和脾均未见异常。建议人的最大无毒剂量１ ｇ／ｋｇ ,最大允许摄入剂量０ ．５ ｇ／ｋｇ 。海星黄经脱麻辣味及脱毒、调味等步骤,制得２ 种食品,具有较好的感观且营养丰富。海星壳所含蛋白质主要为胶原蛋白,以胃蛋白酶促溶蛋白为主,具有典型胶原蛋白氨基酸组成特点,可在食品工业用作明胶。初步结论为,多棘海盘车可用作高营养、无毒、加工利用性好的新型海洋食品原料。 相似文献
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为全面了解我国东部近海海产品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和菊酯类农药(PYRs)的残留特征及健康风险,本研究以我国东部近海附近海域的典型海产品为研究对象,使用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对其体内两类农药的含量进行测定和相关分析。结果显示：东部近海海产品中,∑OCPs残留范围为2.2～1 864.7 ng·g-1(均值为72.5 ng·g-1,以干质量计),∑PYRs浓度范围为5.2～761.7 ng·g-1(均值为57.9 ng·g-1)。与软体动物类和甲壳类相比,∑OCPs更容易蓄积在脂肪含量更高的鱼类中,而∑PYRs在3类生物中的残留量差异不显著;空间分布上,两类农药在海洋生物体内残留量的空间差异性均不显著(除烟台海域外);来源分析表明,OCPs污染主要源于历史残留,而PYRs可能与近海范围内陆域的城市卫生防护活动密切相关。研究表明,不同海产品中两类农药的总风险指数远小于1,健康风险处于安全水平。 相似文献
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海洋鱼类分割加工废弃物的综合利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在海洋鱼类分割加工过程中会产生大量的加工废弃物,其重量可占原料鱼的20%～70%.综述了海洋鱼类分割加工所产生的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮、内脏等废弃物的综合利用技术研究状况,提出海洋鱼类废弃物综合利用技术应用前景. 相似文献
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市售鱼类及其加工品中组胺含量的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年3月对市售鲭鱼20尾、秋刀鱼30尾、金枪鱼6块等进行组胺含量分析,结果表明,20尾鲭鱼中有1尾组胺含量为20mg／kg;30尾秋刀鱼肉中有1尾组胺含量为16mg／kg,另一尾为10mg／kg;6块金枪鱼样品及其他鱼类样品未能检测到组胺。鲭鱼20尾中1尾检出酪胺23mg／kg,尸胺为36mg／kg,腐胺及亚精胺未检出;秋刀鱼30尾中2尾检出10mg／kg和15mg／kg的酪胺,1尾栓出52mg／kg腐胺,2尾检出35mg／kg和55mg／kg尸胺。 相似文献
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实验根据GenBank公布的细菌全基因组数据,采用比较基因组学分析创伤弧菌与其它细菌基因组间的差异,筛选出34个潜在的创伤弧菌物种特异性检测靶标基因,其中VV1_2692、VV2_0075和VV2_0939这3个基因已有功能注释.常规PCR扩增结果显示这3个基因均具有良好的特异性和灵敏度.进而以这3个基因和传统靶基因vvhA作为检测靶标,采用常规PCR技术检测来自杭州市农贸市场的137份海产品中创伤弧菌,发现VV2_0075、VV2_0939和vvhA基因的检测结果与传统生化鉴定方法一致,表明新发掘的VV2_0075和VV2_0939基因在对海产品中创伤弧菌检测时具有很好的稳定性和很强的抗干扰能力.在137份海产品中创伤弧菌的检出率为28.5％,其中牡蛎的检出率最高(68％),表明杭州市农贸市场售卖的海产品,尤其是牡蛎中的创伤弧菌污染现状严重,应加强对杭州市海产品中创伤弧菌污染状况的监测. 相似文献
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对本市四个超市销售的海产干制品16个不同样品中的农兽药污染状况进行调查。结果表明农兽药染物在海产干制品中的含量氯霉素最高,链霉素次之,硝基呋喃最低。并分析了污染来源,提出了相应的防治污染措施。 相似文献
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The global seafood industry, influenced by consumer demand, is closely linked to the global fishing industry, which determines the variety of fish available for consumption. The recently revealed issue of seafood mislabelling threatens to weaken this link by removing consumer power to influence patterns of fisheries exploitation through informed choice. Recognizing this, there is an urgent need to go beyond the mere documentation of the phenomenon and learn more about the origins of this problem and the nature of factors influencing its occurrence to develop solutions. In an attempt to understand seafood mislabelling more thoroughly in Europe, 226 cod products were purchased from Ireland and the UK, genetically identified using a DNA barcoding technique (COI barcoding gene), and species identification results were compared against product labels. Cod mislabelling proved more severe in Ireland than in the UK (28.4% vs. 7.4%). Moreover, whereas data show that in Ireland, cheaper species are sold as cod, in the UK, threatened Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) may be sold as ‘sustainably sourced’ Pacific cod. Considering these countries operate under the same EU policies for seafood traceability and labelling, it is likely that this situation has been influenced by heightened consumer awareness in the UK, which has created an environment where mislabelling is discouraged. In addition to identifying samples, traceability information from packaged cod was used to trace products back to supplying companies. Although inconclusive in determining blame, this exercise has demonstrated that using traceability information can add explanatory power when attempting to determine responsibility for the occurrence of mislabelling. 相似文献