植物细胞X射线能谱分析方法的研究     

李齐  李天庆 《北京林业大学学报》1993,15(4):95-102

X射线微区分析在我国的植物学研究中应用较少.快速冷冻、冷冻干燥、真空渗透、塑料包埋的薄切片生物制备新技术被证明很适用于对植物细胞中可溶性离子进行X射线微区分析.这对于植物学,诸如矿质营养、生理及抗性等理论问题的研究有着很重要的意义.本文通过实验证明此法除了在冷冻干燥过程中可能会造成某些植物细胞中的液泡结构固缩或破坏以外,与其它生物制备技术相比,大大降低了植物细胞中可溶性离子在制备过程中的流失和移位,从而保证了对植物细胞特别是成熟组织细胞中可溶性离子进行X射线能谱亚细胞定位、定量分析的可靠性.  相似文献   

3种果实的超微结构X-射线能谱元素分析     

周劲松 《西北林学院学报》2003,18(4):118-119

应用X-射线能谱微区分析法测定果实的超微结构元素分析.结果显示:核桃、枣、葡萄不同组织中共发现Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca和Fe等9种元素.果实不同组织中各元素分布有差异.但各组织中K元素含量均较高.而核桃子叶组织中S、P元素较丰富.  相似文献   

水稻籽粒不同部位P与Al、Cd、Pb含量的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈义芳  周卫东  刘爱平  陈刚  孙国荣 《江苏农业学报》2007,23(2):93-97

利用环境扫描电镜结合X射线电子探针显微分析技术,研究了水稻籽粒不同部位P与Al、Cd、Pb含量的关系.结果表明:金属元素Al、Cd、Pb和其他矿质元素一样,也在糊粉层中积累最多;水稻籽粒中P的积累与Al、Cd、Pb的富集有密切关系;其中,籽粒不同部位P与Al的含量存在极显著的正相关关系,而Pb和Cd的含量并不随着P含量的增加而增加,其变化幅度较小.说明P对Al的富集具有促进作用.  相似文献   

盐胁迫下胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞中的离子区隔化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴松香  陈少良  Eberhard Fritz  Andrea Olbrich  Christine Kettner  Andrea Polle  Aloys Hüttermann 《北京林业大学学报》2006,(Z2)

该文以抗盐的胡杨和盐敏感的毛白杨组培再生苗为实验材料,利用X--射线微区分析技术研究盐胁迫下(为期20d的盐处理)叶片各种类型细胞内主要元素Na+、Cl-、K+的分布情况,测定的细胞类型包括:①叶脉细胞(叶脉维管束导管、叶脉维管束内部和外部的薄壁细胞);②叶肉细胞(栅栏组织、海绵组织);③表皮细胞(上、下表皮细胞).结果表明,胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞对盐离子的区隔化有明显差异:与毛白杨相比,盐处理后的胡杨叶细胞不但具有较高的拒Na+能力,即将Na+贮存在质外体中,而且液泡区隔Na+的能力也强于毛白杨.在Cl-的区隔化方面,对照处理胡杨各种类型的细胞(包括叶脉、叶肉和表皮细胞)Cl-浓度都高于毛白杨,但在盐胁迫下,胡杨叶片的细胞壁、液泡甚至叶绿体中Cl-的含量都低于毛白杨,这是胡杨根细胞限制Cl-离子根冠运输的结果.盐处理使胡杨叶片各种类型细胞中的K+浓度降低;与胡杨不同,毛白杨叶片细胞中质外体的K+浓度下降,而液泡中的K+水平却相应提高,这是毛白杨细胞内K+重新分配的结果:由于盐处理后毛白杨液泡内积累了过多的Cl-,K+从细胞壁进入液泡,用以平衡液泡内Cl-积累所带来的负电荷.  相似文献   

Copper localization in Cannabis sativa L. grown in a copper-rich solution     

Laura Arru  Sara Rognoni  Micaela Baroncini  Piera Medeghini Bonatti  Pierdomenico Perata 《Euphytica》2004,140(1-2):33-38

Summary With the aim to examine its potential as a renewable resource to decontaminate polluted soils, electron microscopy combined with X-ray microanalysis was used to investigate the localization of copper in Cannabis sativa grown in hydroponic copper-rich culture. Cu was found to accumulate preferentially in the upper leaf epidermal cells; it was also detected in spiculae and in abaxial trichomes too. Primary bast fibres seem to be not involved in copper accumulation.  相似文献   

牛精子体外获能前后元素变化的研究     

冯怀亮  刘建民 《中国农业科学》1993,26(2):63-70

 本文应用x射线能谱技术，对获能前后精子质膜表面（头部、中段）和内部（顶体内、中段线粒体内）的元素进行了分析测试。结果表明，牛精子用肝素+咖啡因体外获能后，头部、中段质膜表面的Na、Al、S、K含量升高，Cl、Ca含量降低；顶体内Na、Mg、Si、P和Fe含量降低，而Ca、K、Cl和S含量升高；精子中段线粒体内Na、P、Si、Cl和Ca升高，而Mg、S、K和Fe却降低。获能过程中精子顶体内Na/Ca、Na/K、Cl/Ca、Cl/K和Na/Cl的浓度比分别为42.13、12.43、15.36、45.31和2.74；而摩尔比又分别为73.42、21.13、17.37、4.99和4.23。本文并对可能的获能机理进行了讨论。  相似文献   

盐胁迫下臭椿和银杏叶片细胞离子区域化研究(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏新莉  周晓阳  尹伟伦 《中国林学(英文版)》1999,(2)

对盆栽银杏和臭椿苗木经 10 0mmol·L- 1和 2 0 0mmol·L- 1NaCl胁迫处理后 ,采用透射电镜X 射线能谱微区分析技术 ,对叶片表皮层、栅栏组织和海绵组织细胞不同部位Na+ 、K+ 、Cl- 含量与分布进行了测定 .结果表明 :在NaCl胁迫下 ,臭椿和银杏叶片各组织细胞的细胞壁、细胞质和液泡中Na+ 、Cl- 含量上升 ,K+ 含量下降 ,Na/K比上升 .银杏Na+ 主要积累在液泡中 ;臭椿Na+ 在 10 0mmol·L- 1NaCl胁迫下 ,液泡区隔化 ,2 0 0mmol·L- 1NaCl胁迫下 ,细胞质Na+ 含量高于液泡 .银杏在10 0mmol·L- 1NaCl胁迫下 ,Cl- 在液泡区隔化 ,2 0 0mmol·L- 1NaCl胁迫下 ,Cl- 未被液泡区隔化 ;臭椿在NaCl胁迫下 ,细胞大量吸收Cl- 的同时液泡未对Cl- 区隔化 .NaCl胁迫下 ,银杏对Na+ 的吸收大于对Cl- 吸收 ,而臭椿对Cl- 的吸收大于Na+ 的吸收  相似文献   

铜对鲤鱼损害的电镜X射线显微分析     

王利  汪开毓 《水生态学杂志》2009,30(5):67-70

用电镜X射线显微分析法,研究铜在鲤（Cyprinus carpio）肝细胞和肾细胞中的分布和相对含量,从细胞水平探讨鲤的铜中毒机理。结果表明,铜进入鲤体内后,在肝细胞、肾细胞的溶酶体中分布最多,溶酶体旁、细胞核次之,细胞质内最少,中毒组与正常组差异显著。鲤中毒后肝细胞核膜扩张、线粒体呈空泡状,溶酶体数量增多、体积增大;肾小管上皮细胞核膜扩张,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂。  相似文献   

Indicative properties of fly‐ash affected forest soils in Northeastern Germany     

Susanne Klose  Juliane Koch  Ernst Bucker  Franz Makeschin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(5):561-568

Many forest ecosystems in Germany are strongly influenced by emissions of pollutants like SO₂ and alkaline dusts. To quantify and evaluate the consequences of long‐term fly ash deposition on forest soils, a study was conducted in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in the Dübener Heide in Northeastern Germany. This forest area has been influenced mainly by emissions from coal‐fired power plants and the chemical industry of the industrial region Bitterfeld‐Wolfen‐Zschornewitz since the early 1900. The study sites are located along a fly ash deposition gradient of 8, 16, 14, 18, and 25 km away from the main emission source in Bitterfeld (sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Samples of the organic horizons (Oi, Oe, and Oa) and mineral topsoil (0—10 cm) were taken in fall 1998 and analyzed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility and total ash content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) were performed on selected samples to differentiate between the pedogenic and atmospheric origin of the mineral components in the organic horizons. As a result of the long‐term deposition, ferromagnetic fly ash components are mainly accumulated in the Oe and Oa horizons of the forest soils studied. Ferromagnetic susceptibility was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the Oe horizon of sites 1 and 2 compared to sites 3, 4, and 5. Unusually high total ash contents for organic horizons of > 74 % were determined in the Oa at all sites. SEM revealed 3 distinct features of persistent fly ash deposits from coal‐fired power plants within the organic horizons that can be defined as ”︁stable glasses” with magnetic properties, aluminum‐silicate‐minerals, and slag fragments. SEM and EDX indicated that a great portion of the mineral particles found in the organic horizons of forests soils influenced by fly ash are from atmospheric sources. For detection of atmospheric lignite‐derived deposition into forest soils, the Oe and Oa horizons have to be considered as specific diagnostic horizons because they show indicative properties for such soils.  相似文献   

Distribution of K, Na and Cl in Root and Leaf Cells of Soybean and Cucumber Plants Grown under Salinity Conditions     

Dabuxilatu  Motoki Ikeda 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):1053-1057

The element contents in the compartments of root and leaf cells of soybean and cucumber plants grown for 8 d in a nutrient solution containing 50 mM NaCl, 25 mM CaCl₂ or 50 mM NaCl+4.75 mM CaSO₄ were examined by X-ray microanalysis of freeze-substituted dry sections. Sodium accumulated in the vacuoles rather than in the cytoplasm and apoplastic space in the root cells of the soybean plants, leading to the difficulty in the transport of Na to leaves in soybean. Salt injury of soybean is considered to be caused by the accumulation of Cl at high concentrations in all the compartments of root and leaf cells. In contrast, the accumulation of Na in the cytoplasm of the root and leaf cells might disturb the metabolism and lead to the occurrence of salt toxicity in cucumber plants, which are tolerant to Cl due to the stimulation of Cl accumulation in vacuoles when the Ca concentration was high in nutrient media.  相似文献