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1.
[目的]探讨酿酒酵母中磷脂合成相关基因突变对细胞自噬和液泡形态的影响.[方法]通过尼罗红染色观察酵母中磷脂合成相关基因突变后脂滴的形态;用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记细胞自噬蛋白Atg8后,采用荧光显微镜和免疫印迹试验检测突变体细胞自噬的发生情况,并使用荧光染料FM4-64检测液泡形态;此外,检测相关突变体对吩嗪-1-羧酸(申嗪霉素)的敏感性.[结果]在营养有限条件下,酿酒酵母中磷脂合成相关基因突变体中脂滴的大小或数量受到不同程度的影响,但细胞自噬在常规检测条件下正常;其中磷脂酸胞苷转移酶编码基因CDS1突变导致液泡形态异常(碎片化),而其他磷脂合成相关基因突变不影响液泡形态;回补CDS1后,cds1-DAmP突变体中液泡形态恢复正常;此外,cds 1-DAmP突变体对吩嗪-1-羧酸处理更为敏感.[结论]酿酒酵母中脂滴和液泡形态异常不一定影响细胞自噬的正常进行,但可能影响其对外界环境的响应. 相似文献
2.
植物液泡膜 ATP 酶（H+-ATPase）和液泡膜焦磷酸酶（H+-PPase）是液泡膜上两个含量丰富的蛋白,其功能的正常发挥在植物生长发育过程中扮演着重要角色。液泡膜 H+-ATPase 和 H+-PPase 水解底物释放能量,同时产生大量 H+由胞质泵入液泡内,形成细胞质与液泡间的 H+ 电化学势梯度,为多种溶质分子的跨膜主动运输提供驱动力,维持细胞内的离子稳态和渗透平衡,为细胞内各种生理生化反应的正常运行提供保障。此外,液泡作为植物细胞离子养分的储存库,其膜上 H+-ATPase 和 H+-PPase 能够通过改变其活性来调控硝酸盐在胞质和液泡间的分配比例,进而影响植物的氮素利用效率。在逆境胁迫条件下,提高液泡膜 H+-ATPase 和 H+-PPase 的活性有利于提高植株对逆境的适应能力,从而减少逆境胁迫对植株生长发育造成的不利影响。介绍了植物液泡膜 H+-ATPase 和 H+-PPase 的结构特征及其在植物生长发育过程中的生理功能,并对其在植物抵御非生物逆境胁迫过程中发挥的重要作用进行阐述,为进一步提高作物的氮素利用率及逆境适应能力提供方向。 相似文献
3.
为建立八仙花（Hydrangea macrophylla）有色原生质体游离体系,以八仙花萼片为试验材料,分别对材料的预处理方式、酶液组分、酶解时间、纯化离心力等影响酶解的关键因素进行研究。结果表明, 预处理方式选择分离花萼片上下表皮法,纤维素酶和离析酶水平分别为4%和0.4%（质量体积分数）,甘露醇0.6 mol·L-1,酶解液加热冷却后加入 0.1%（质量体积分数）BSA和10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,酶解2 h,低温离心机4 ℃、1 426 r·min-1离心5 min,为最优的八仙花萼片原生质体游离条件。利用所建的原生质体游离体系对4个不同品种的八仙花萼片进行有色原生质体游离,200× 镜下单视野内可获得13~35个有色的原生质体;对有色原生质体进行液泡的H+流测定,发现蓝色液泡较粉色液泡H+流的外排趋势明显,说明同一八仙花品种蓝色液泡的pH高于粉色液泡。 相似文献
4.
盐胁迫下胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞中的离子区隔化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
戴松香 陈少良 Eberhard Fritz Andrea Olbrich Christine Kettner Andrea Polle Aloys Hüttermann 《北京林业大学学报》2006,(Z2)
该文以抗盐的胡杨和盐敏感的毛白杨组培再生苗为实验材料,利用X--射线微区分析技术研究盐胁迫下(为期20d的盐处理)叶片各种类型细胞内主要元素Na+、Cl-、K+的分布情况,测定的细胞类型包括:①叶脉细胞(叶脉维管束导管、叶脉维管束内部和外部的薄壁细胞);②叶肉细胞(栅栏组织、海绵组织);③表皮细胞(上、下表皮细胞).结果表明,胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞对盐离子的区隔化有明显差异:与毛白杨相比,盐处理后的胡杨叶细胞不但具有较高的拒Na+能力,即将Na+贮存在质外体中,而且液泡区隔Na+的能力也强于毛白杨.在Cl-的区隔化方面,对照处理胡杨各种类型的细胞(包括叶脉、叶肉和表皮细胞)Cl-浓度都高于毛白杨,但在盐胁迫下,胡杨叶片的细胞壁、液泡甚至叶绿体中Cl-的含量都低于毛白杨,这是胡杨根细胞限制Cl-离子根冠运输的结果.盐处理使胡杨叶片各种类型细胞中的K+浓度降低;与胡杨不同,毛白杨叶片细胞中质外体的K+浓度下降,而液泡中的K+水平却相应提高,这是毛白杨细胞内K+重新分配的结果:由于盐处理后毛白杨液泡内积累了过多的Cl-,K+从细胞壁进入液泡,用以平衡液泡内Cl-积累所带来的负电荷. 相似文献
5.
本文对水泥地面经常出现的空鼓、不规则裂缝、起砂和麻面等问题原因进行了详细分析,并提 出了处理与预防措施。 相似文献
6.
为研究保卫细胞液泡(GCV)的pH在气孔保卫细胞渗透调节中的作用及蚕豆(Vicia faba)叶片气孔GCV中的颗粒物的性质,本实验采用激光共聚焦显微术配合pH荧光探针BCECF AM的荧光比值法对ABA诱导的气孔关闭过程进行观测,发现:蚕豆气孔关闭过程中GCV的pH升高约0.5(pH5.3→5.8)。分别用pH5.3和5.8的Mes/Tris缓冲液调控离体开放态GCV的pH,透射电镜(4×104倍)观察负染片说明:pH 5.3对开放态GCV液所含颗粒物的线度及分布密度无实质影响;而pH 5.8的处理使取自开放态GCV液所含颗粒物的线度明显增大、分布密度显著减小;非特异性蛋白酶Proteinase K处理可使GCV中的颗粒物消失。基于GCV内颗粒物的线度、形状及对pH调控和对Proteinase K处理的响应,推测此种颗粒物是蛋白质。 相似文献
7.
Suriyaphol G Sarikaputi M Suriyaphol P 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):491-502
Human skin keratinocytes HaCat attacked by Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin showed a transient drop of cellular ATP levels whereas in toxin-perforated bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC), the ATP levels dropped more slowly. Morphologically, during the ATP level depletion, HaCat cell developed a spacious intracellular vacuole together with the transient influx of trypan blue. WST-1 signal, which tested the function of mitochondrial enzyme in viable cells, also decreased concomitantly. On the other hand, BMEC excluded trypan blue and vacuolation was not observed throughout the experiment. We conclude that mammary epithelial cells resist the toxin better than keratinocytes. This is the first report showing that α-toxin enhances transient membrane permeability to large molecules, temporary vacuole formation and the transient defect of mitochondrial enzyme in viable cells without cell lysis. 相似文献
8.
The rice blast,caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,is a major constraint to the world food security.Hyphal growth is the foundation of fungal development and proliferation of fungi.To investigate genes involved in hyphal growth of this fungus,digital gene expression tag profiling was used to compare a previously generated temperature-sensitive mutant which defect at hyphae growth and reduction on pathogenicity,with its related wildtype strain.416 genes were detected as differential expression,178 of which were specifically expressed in Guy-11 but down-regulated expression in the mutant.Functional classification analysis revealed the phenotype mutation may be mainly caused by a defection in translational and vacuole- related processes.The results and the protocol used will improve our knowledge on morphogenesis and promote the further study on M.oryzae pathogenesis. 相似文献
9.
Summary
Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) garden cultivars Vulcan, with deep red ray florest, and Superior, with orange ray petals, were crossed as female with 16 inbred clones and the progeny assessed visually for flower color in 3 environments. Intensity of vacuole pigmentation in ray florets appeared to vary continuously. Evaluation was facilitated by placing plants in 7 color classes ranging from red, the most intense, through orange, an intermediate intensity, to yellow, the apparent lack of vacuole pigmentation. A simple hexaploid model with additive gene action, suggested by the 7 color classes, was inappropriate, as more than 50% of the plants in Vulcan families were red and more than 60% of the plants in Superior families were orange. Comparing evaluations of parental clones in 2 glasshouse and 2 field environments and considering data from an experiment, in which progeny first classified in the glasshouse were reevaluated in the field, revealed substantial shifts in classification. In the glasshouse, more individuals appeared in the red and orange classes, while field evaluation placed more individuals in classes adjacent to red and orange. However, the predominance of progeny in the color class of the common parent, that is, red for the Vulcan and orange for the Superior families, occurred in both glasshouse and field. Plants scored as other than red appeared in crosses between Vulcan and 3 red inbreds, suggesting that red ray petals are not conditioned by a homozygous genotype. The orange of Superior and orange progeny may be due to a single dominant gene causing mosaic-like distribution of red vacuole pigmentation over yellow plastid pigmentation. Because cloned genotypes were classified differently in diverse environments, critical genetic analysis of vacuole pigmentation will require cloned progeny and multiple-environment evaluation. 相似文献
10.
小麦胚乳发育过程中贮藏蛋白的积累和蛋白体的形成 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给小麦品质育种提供参考,采用光学和电子显微镜技术系统观察了小麦品种扬麦12号胚乳发育过程中贮藏蛋白的积累和蛋白体的形成.结果表明,花后8 d的淀粉胚乳细胞开始出现贮藏蛋白颗粒.贮藏蛋白在粗内质网上合成后,有些经过高尔基体形成浓密小泡,有些直接在粗内质网腔中积累,脱离内质网形成蛋白体;浓密小泡和蛋白体进入蛋白贮藏液泡(PSV).早期的蛋白体较小,呈球状;随着胚乳发育,蛋白体可以相互融合,扩大体积.后期的蛋白体相互融合形成蛋白质基质,单个蛋白体不再存在;接近成熟期的胚乳,胚乳细胞被贮藏物质淀粉粒和蛋白质基质所充实,蛋白质基质分布在淀粉粒之间的空隙内.试验结果说明,贮藏蛋白从内质网到PSV的转运有两种途径:依赖高尔基体途径和内质网衍生出蛋白体途径. 相似文献