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针对低温超声波辅助提取中玉米黄质的降解现象,通过对玉米黄质样品光谱图、浓度、自由基等测定,解析超声波降解玉米黄质的机制。结果表明,超声波处理后,玉米黄质发生降解。并且随功率和时间的增加,玉米黄质的光谱图改变、453 nm最大吸收值降低,浓度下降。通过分析同等条件下超声波处理对苯二甲酸之后所产生的邻羟基对苯二甲酸的量,发现超声波处理过程中羟自由基与玉米黄质的降解呈相关性,揭示了超声波通过产生自由基降解玉米黄质的规律和机制。 相似文献
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Masaru Terasaki Bhaskar Narayan Hiroyuki Kamogawa Masatoshi Nomura Nimish Mol Stephen Chikara Kawagoe 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):468-479
An improved multi-step gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to simultaneously separate major carotenoids from natural as well as food samples was developed. Quantitative profiling of carotenoid compounds was carried out on three edible brown seaweeds (Sargassum horneri, Cystoseira hakodatensis, and Undaria pinnatifida) and three red seaweeds (Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Grateloupia asiatica, and Grateloupia livida). Fucoxanthin (Fx) was detected in all the brown seaweeds with quantities (mg g?1 dry weight [dwt]) ranging from 1.3 ± 0.3 in C. hakodatensis to 2.4 ± 0.1 in S. horneri. U. pinnatifida, commonly known as wakame, had a Fx content of 2.3 ± 0.1 mg g?1 dwt. In the case of red seaweeds, zeaxanthin (Zx) was the major carotenoid, and G. vermiculophylla had the highest Zx content (80.2 μg g?1 dwt) among the red seaweeds apart from small amounts of Fx (9.1 μg g?1 dwt). Similarly, the other two species of red seaweeds, G. asiatica and G. livida, contained (μg g?1 dwt) lutein (Lut), Fx, and Zx as the major carotenoids (G. asiatica: Lut 10.4, Fx 1.5, Zx 1.1; G. livida: Lut 9.3, Fx 3.5, Zx 1.0). The results suggest the usefulness of edible varieties (barring wakame) of seaweeds as dietary sources of carotenoids. 相似文献
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Feeding increasing levels of corn gluten meal induces suboptimal muscle pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 24‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding levels of corn gluten meal (CGM) on growth performance and pigment deposition in the muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (digestible energy basis) experimental diets were formulated to contain increasing levels of CGM (0%, 9% and 18%) and 50 mg kg?1 of astaxanthin. Each diet was fed in triplicate to groups of 75 fish (initial average body weight = 549 g fish?1) reared at 8.5°C. The inclusion of CGM did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect final body weight, thermal growth efficiency (TGC) or feed efficiency. Carotenoid concentration determined by liquid chromatography showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear reduction in the concentration of one astaxanthin isomer, all‐trans astaxanthin and all‐trans lutein in the muscle of fish in response to increasing levels of CGM. Tristimulus colour analysis of the muscle showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear reduction in a* (redness) and C*ab (chroma). Salmofan? score showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear and quadratic reduction in response to increasing levels of CGM. In conclusion, the inclusion of CGM up to 18% does not significantly impact growth performance of rainbow trout. However, the concentration of all‐trans astaxanthin as well as the expression of important colour attributes of the muscle can be negatively affected at levels exceeding 9% of CGM in the diet. More research on this topic is needed to discern the mechanism(s) behind the negative effects of dietary CGM and/or its intrinsic yellow pigments on muscle pigmentation of rainbow trout. 相似文献
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Noppawan Chimsung Chutima Tantikitti Joyce E Milley Viviane Verlhac‐Trichet Santosh P Lall 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(10):1611-1620
The experiment was designed to investigate the dietary factors that might enhance or interfere with astaxanthin (Ax) absorption in salmon including potentially interfering factors such as certain carotenoids (zeaxanthin and lutein), plant sterols, fibre and enhancing compounds such as cholesterol and vitamin E. Two hundred and eighty‐eight salmon (778 ± 78 g) were reared in sea water under controlled conditions and fed practical experimental diets. The experimental diets were supplemented with 40 mg Ax kg?1, in addition to various dietary factors, including cholesterol (2%), vitamin E (450 IU kg?1), wheat bran (5%), lutein (40 mg kg?1), zeaxanthin (40 mg kg?1) and phytosterol (2%). After 26 days of feeding, blood was collected and plasma was separated to determine the plasma Ax concentration. Ax was not detected in the plasma of fish fed the non‐pigmented diet. Fish fed diet containing 2% cholesterol significantly improved Ax absorption, which was reflected in the higher Ax concentration in plasma of Atlantic salmon. Other supplements including vitamin E, wheat bran, lutein, zeaxanthin and phytosterols in diet had no significant effect on plasma Ax concentration . Fish fed diet containing 2% cholesterol significantly increased cholesterol concentration in fish plasma. Phytosterol had no benefit to lower cholesterol plasma level in fish fed 2% phytosterol‐supplemented diet. 相似文献
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Red alga species belonging to the Porphyra and Pyropia genera (commonly known as Nori), which are widely consumed and commercialized due to their high nutritional value. These species have a carotenoid profile dominated by xanthophylls, mostly lutein and zeaxanthin, which have relevant benefits for human health. The effects of different abiotic factors on xanthophyll synthesis in these species have been scarcely studied, despite their health benefits. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the abiotic factors that enhance the synthesis of xanthophylls in Porphyra/Pyropia species by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the xanthophyll content found in the literature, and (ii) to recommend a culture method that would allow a significant accumulation of these compounds in the biomass of these species. The results show that salinity significantly affected the content of total carotenoids and led to higher values under hypersaline conditions (70,247.91 µg/g dm at 55 psu). For lutein and zeaxanthin, the wavelength treatment caused significant differences between the basal and maximum content (4.16–23.47 µg/g dm). Additionally, in Pyropia spp., the total carotenoids were considerably higher than in Porphyra spp.; however, the lutein and zeaxanthin contents were lower. We discuss the specific conditions for each treatment and the relation to the ecological distribution of these species. 相似文献
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鲜食玉米灌浆过程中籽粒玉米黄质含量的累积动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用6个鲜食玉米品种为材料,分析授粉后15,18,21,24,27和40 d时籽粒玉米黄质含量,研究灌浆过程中玉米黄质的动态变化情况。结果表明：籽粒玉米黄质含量的累积动态呈单峰分布,除浙凤甜2号在授粉后21 d达到最高值,其余品种均在授粉后24 d达到最高值,之后下降并逐渐趋于稳定。不同品种间籽粒玉米黄质含量存在着极显著差异,其中粤甜3号最高,为14809 mg·kg-1;金银糯最低,为5241 mg·kg-1;从大到小依次为粤甜3号＞超甜4号＞浙甜6号＞华珍＞浙凤甜2号＞金银糯,与籽粒颜色没有绝对的对应关系。玉米黄质累积速率分别是浙凤甜2号授粉后18 d最快,粤甜3号是授粉后21 d最快,其他4个品种则在授粉后24 d最快。另外,结合试验结果,提出授粉后24 d左右是鲜食玉米的最佳采收期,此时获得玉米黄质含量最高又兼顾产量、商品性、口感,食用价值最高。 相似文献
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为进一步探究玉米黄质对辣椒低温弱光耐受性的影响,以低温敏感性辣椒‘航椒2号’为试验材料,通过叶面喷施玉米黄质,研究其对低温弱光(15℃/5℃,100μmol·m-2·s-1)胁迫下辣椒光合作用关键酶活性、叶绿素荧光参数、内源激素含量、叶黄素循环及相关基因表达量的影响,探究玉米黄质缓解辣椒幼苗低温弱光胁迫的生理机制。结果表明：喷施玉米黄质显著提高辣椒幼苗低温弱光下的光合能力,PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)分别显著提高5.90%和54.33%,处理后168 h茉莉酸(JA)和生长素(IAA)含量分别显著增加16.70%和62.30%;辣椒幼苗花药黄质、紫黄质、叶黄素和玉米黄质含量分别增加了1.06、0.48、0.19倍和1.57倍,同时在胁迫处理24、48、168 h时CaZEP基因表达量分别显著增加了3.44、1.64倍和5.50倍,而CaVDE基因表达量与对照相比未达到显著性差异。综上所述,喷施玉米黄质可能通过增强低温弱光下辣椒幼苗光合能力、调控激素代谢以及促进辣... 相似文献
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建立乳粉中玉米黄质含量的高效液相色谱测定方法。室温条件下,乳粉样品经氢氧化钾溶液皂化,使玉米黄质游离,再以乙醚-正己烷-环己烷混合溶剂提取,冷冻脱脂,采用梯度洗脱程序进行洗脱,C30色谱柱分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明：乳粉中玉米黄质的检出限为30 μg/100 g,定量限为100 μg/100 g;当乳粉中玉米黄质加标量为90～811 μg/100 g时,加标回收率为85.8%～102.2%,相对标准偏差为1.43%～2.76%。该方法具有较好的准确度、精密度和重复性,灵敏度较高。 相似文献