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Abir Dey Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi Ranjan Bhattacharyya Siba Prasad Datta Mahesh Chand Meena Raj K. Jat Raj Kumar Gupta Mangi Lal Jat Vinod Kumar Singh Debarup Das Ravi G. Singh 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):429-438
Increasing soil carbon (C) in arable soils is an important strategy to achieve sustainable yields and mitigate climate change. We investigated changes in soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) under conservation agriculture (CA) in a calcareous soil of the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. The treatments were as follows: conventional-till rice and wheat (CT-CT), CT rice and zero-till wheat (CT-ZT), ZT direct seeded rice (DSR) and CT wheat (ZT-CT), ZTDSR and ZT wheat without crop residue retention (ZT-ZT), ZT-ZT with residue (ZT-ZT+R), and DSR and wheat both on permanent beds with residue (PB-PB+R). The ZT-ZT+R had the highest total SOC in both 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil layers (20% and 40% higher (p < .05) than CT-CT, respectively), whereas total SIC decreased by 11% and 15% in the respective layers under ZT-ZT+R compared with CT-CT. Non-labile SOC was the largest pool, followed by very labile, labile and less labile SOC. The benefits of ZT and residue retention were greatest for very labile SOC, which showed a significant (p < .05) increase (~50%) under ZT-ZT+R compared with CT-CT. The ZT-ZT+R sequestered ~2 Mg ha−1 total SOC in the 0–15 cm soil layer in 6 years, where CT registered significant losses. Thus, the adoption of CA should be recommended in calcareous soils, for C sequestration, and also as a reclamation technique. 相似文献
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María Inés Santín-Montanyá Encarnación Zambrana-Quesada José Luis Tenorio-Pasamón 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(12):1705-1713
Weed abundance in crops undergoes frequent changes, often due to changes in tillage practices. Annual species, with quick germination, a short vegetative stage, profuse seed production and long-lived seeds become problematic under zero-tillage systems. Portulaca oleracea L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. are widespread weeds in the Mediterranean area, prominent in irrigated crops. We studied the total weed abundance in the field, and specifically these two species (Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus blitoides) with high frequency of occurrence in monoculture maize, from 2012 to 2014, in the field and soil seedbank. Results showed significant differences between zero-tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on total weed abundance and relative abundance of Portulaca oleracea. Total weed abundance decreased in ZT plots (from 136 plants m?2 to 25 and 46 plants m?2, in 2013 and 2014 respectively). The same trend was observed in Portulaca oleracea recorded in ZT plots, but the abundance of Amaranthus blitoides did not vary in this system. Weed seedling germination and weed seed numbers both of total weed seedbank and Portulaca oleracea, were greater in ZT plots compared to CT, regarding Amaranthus blitoides seedling germination and seed count, the values did not increase with ZT, in continuous maize crops. 相似文献
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LIU Shi ping NIE Xin tao DAI Qi gen Huo Zhong yang XU Ke 《水稻科学》2007,14(3):204-210
The interplanting with zero-tillage of rice, i.e. direct sowing rice 10-20 days before wheat harvesting, and remaining about 30-cm high stubble after cutting wheat or rice with no tillage, is a new cultivation technology in wheat-rice rotation system. To study the effects of interplanting with zero tillage and straw manure on rice growth and quality, an experiment was conducted in a wheat-rotation rotation system. Four treatments, i.e. ZIS (Zero-tillage, straw manure and rice interplanting), ZI (Zero-tillage, no straw manure and rice interplanting), PTS (Plowing tillage, straw manure and rice transplanting), and PT (Plowing tillage, no straw manure and rice transplanting), were used. ZIS reduced plant height, leaf area per plant and the biomass of rice plants, but the biomass accumulation of rice at the late stage was quicker than that under conventional transplanting cultivation. In the first year (2002), there was no significant difference in rice yield among the four treatments. However, rice yield decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage in the second year (2003). Compared with the transplanting treatments, the number of filled grains per panicle decreased but 1000-grain weight increased in interplanting with zero-tillage, which were the main factors resulting in higher yield. Interplanting with zero-tillage improved the milling and appearance qualities of rice. The rates of milled and head rice increased while chalky rice rate and chalkiness decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage. Zero-tillage and interplanting also affected rice nutritional and cooking qualities. In 2002, ZIS showed raised protein content, decreased amylose content, softer gel consistency, resulting in improved rice quality. In 2003, zero-tillage and interplanting decreased protein content and showed similar amylose content as compared with transplanting treatments. Moreover, protein content in PTS was obviously increased in comparison with the other three treatments. The rice in interplanting with zero-tillage treatments had higher peak viscosity and breakdown, lower setback, showing better rice taste quality. The straw manure had no significant effect on rice viscosity under interplanting with zero-tillage, but had the negative influence on the rice taste quality under transplanting with plowing tillage. 相似文献
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[目的]为了解决晚稻播种时气温高,水分蒸发量大,水分需求矛盾突出的问题。[方法]设5个处理:C(1普通包衣剂旱育保姆)、C2(普通包衣剂+1%保水剂A)、C(3普通包衣剂+1%保水剂B)、C(4普通包衣剂+1%保水剂B+0.5%氧化钙)、C(5空白对照),研究了不同水稻种子包衣剂的免耕直播效应。[结果]旱育保姆包衣剂能够比空白对照提高出苗率15.2%,增产9.8%;旱育保姆包衣剂中添加保水剂后,出苗率增加6.6%,增产12.1%;保水剂B的添加效果优于保水剂A。[结论]使用旱育保姆包衣剂进行免耕直播栽培水稻,能够提高种子的出苗率、增加穗数、提高产量;而添加保水剂成分的处理由于能较好地解决高温时期的种子水分供应,促进直播水稻的生长发育和经济性状的协调发展,增产效果更明显。直播水稻添加适量的氧化钙,对种子的出苗率有积极影响。 相似文献
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冬闲田土免耕种植黑麦草在黔东南的应用示范 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
根据冬闲田土免耕种植黑麦草在黔东南的种植应用情况,介绍了黔东南种植1年生黑麦草的气候及土地资源条件及在冬闲田土的栽培模式、栽培技术、利用方式及生产上推广应用的效果;2004~2006年,黔东南州免耕有效种植黑麦草2.00万hm2,收获鲜草169914.70万kg,直接经济效益16991.47万元(0.10元/kg鲜草),纯收入10569.80万元(扣出每667m2种草成本214.29元),养畜19.98万个牛单位(1个牛单位/1000.50m2),纯收入12906.05万元(646.00元/1个牛单位),总利润23475.85万元,户均收入1752.52元(免耕种植12.33万户),人均纯收达437.00元。 相似文献
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在砂壤土上设常耕和免耕处理,每一处理又设施肥和不施肥处理。持续实施6年以后比较常耕和免耕法对土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明:免耕上表层土壤(0-7cm)中微生物数量明显高于常耕;不施肥处理的耕层土壤(0-21cm)中细菌、放线菌、真菌、固氮菌和纤维分解菌的数量分别是常耕的1.27、1.33、1.11、1.91和1.74倍,施肥处理亦呈相同趋势。不施肥条件下小麦对自生固氮菌有明显的根际效应。R/S比在分蘖期达16。根际效应和根系分布特点使固氮菌数量在底层(21-28cm)土壤中总是以免耕大于常耕,耕法对硝化菌和反硝化菌数量的影响是:常耕的硝化和反硝化菌数随小麦生育进程的进行而逐渐增多,免耕处理的则逐渐减少。微生物数量与土壤含水量呈正相关。土壤含水量从19.7％自然失水降至4.4％,细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别下降了35％、54％和37％;恢复其含水量但不添加营养物质不能恢复微生物到原有的数量。 相似文献
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保护性耕作技术的推广应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简单介绍保护性耕作的定义、实施意义及其关键技术,包括免耕播种技术、田间留根茬和秸秆覆盖技术、杂草及病虫害防控技术、深松技术。从思想认识、资金投入、示范区建设、服务体系等方面,探讨推广保护性耕作技术中存在的主要问题,并提出相应的对策。 相似文献
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为解决现有玉米根茬处理装置存在的问题,研究设计一种新型破茬装置。介绍破茬装置的工作原理及主要部件设计,分析主要工作部件的参数。正交试验结果表明,破茬装置的破茬合格率在91%以上,能够很好地满足设计要求。 相似文献
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Climate change adaptation,greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: Some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains 
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下载免费PDF全文 Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains(IGP)of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production,adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable way.This paper examines conservation agriculture(CA)from the perspective of:(i)increased yield and farm income,(ii)adaptation to heat and water stresses,and(iii)reduction in greenhouse gas(GHGs)emissions.The analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’field trials on CA in the cereal systems of IGP.Our analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost(up to 23%)but produces equal or even higher than conventional system;thereby increasing economic profitability of production system.CA-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature(reduced canopy temperature by 1–4°C)and increased irrigation water productivity by 66–100%compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of IGP.Our continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2,N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10–15%less GHGs than conventional systems.This is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change nexus.From this holistic analysis,we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is a way forward to address food security,climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture. 相似文献