国内外致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的检测标准比较及建议     

孟静  钟立霞  郭颖慧  程祥龙  伊廷存  霍胜楠 《中国乳业》2023,(4):76-81

致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（STEC O157:H7）是大肠埃希氏菌中致病性最严重的一种食源性致病菌,主要存在于牛肉、牛奶、水果及其制品中,对身体健康造成很大危害,甚至引发死亡。食品中STEC O157:H7检测尤为重要。本文对国内外STEC O157:H7的检测标准进行比较,提出我国标准在样品前处理、快速筛选方法的应用等方面需要加强,以便为该菌快速准确检测提供帮助,实现与国际标准化体系建设接轨,满足实验室检测需要。  相似文献   

Risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in eight known-infected Danish dairy herds     

Rugbjerg H  Nielsen EM  Andersen JS 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,58(3-4):101-113

A risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in a former prevalence study. Associations between excretion of VTEC O157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. The animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. The risk of excreting VTEC O157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. Among the calves aged 1–4 months, the risk was reduced if the calf had suckled colostrum from the mother or if the calf had stayed >2 days with the mother after calving. Calves aged 5–24 months that had been moved within the last 2 weeks had a higher risk, but risk was reduced if fed barley silage. Cows fed grain or molasses had a higher risk of excreting VTEC O157.  相似文献   

某牛场粪源大肠杆菌0157∶H7的分离鉴定     

陈露  曹立亭  周晏丞  廖春玉 《四川畜牧兽医》2015,(7)

为了解重庆市某牛场牛群大肠杆菌O157∶H7的感染情况,我们以牛场犊牛为研究对象,采集其新鲜粪便,经LB培养基增菌培养、免疫磁珠富集后,在山梨醇麦康凯琼脂上划线培养,最后PCR扩增eaeA基因目的片段,以此分离鉴定粪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7。结果显示：在所采集的39份犊牛粪便样品中,分离得到一株符合大肠杆菌O157∶H7生长特点且含有eaeA基因的菌株。  相似文献   

Development of a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle     

Hee-Jin Dong  Ae-Ri Cho  Tae-Wook Hahn  Seongbeom Cho 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(2):317-325

A multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of the stx1 and stx2 genes and applied for detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle farm samples. Two target genes were distinguished based on T_m values of 85.03 ± 0.54℃ for stx1 and 87.47 ± 0.35℃ for stx2. The mLAMP assay was specific (100% inclusivity and exclusivity), sensitive (with a detection limit as low as 10 fg/µL), and quantifiable (R² = 0.9313). The efficacy and sensitivity were measured to evaluate applicability of the mLAMP assay to cattle farm samples. A total of 12 (12/253; 4.7%) and 17 (17/253; 6.7%) STEC O157, and 11 (11/236; 4.7%) non-O157 STEC strains were isolated from cattle farm samples by conventional selective culture, immunomagnetic separation, and PCR-based culture methods, respectively. The coinciding multiplex PCR and mLAMP results for the types of shiga toxin revealed the value of the mLAMP assay in terms of accuracy and rapidity for characterizing shiga toxin genes. Furthermore, the high detection rate of specific genes from enrichment broth samples indicates the potential utility of this assay as a screening method for detecting STEC in cattle farm samples.  相似文献   

Desperately seeking diarrhoea: outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by emerging sorbitol-fermenting shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H-, Germany, 2009     

Nielsen S  Frank C  Fruth A  Spode A  Prager R  Graff A  Plenge-Bönig A  Loos S  Lütgehetmann M  Kemper MJ  Müller-Wiefel DE  Werber D 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(8):567-572

Infection with sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H- (sf STEC O157:H-) is rare, but emerging in Europe. The pathogen is typically isolated from paediatric patients with life-threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). It is unclear whether this observation primarily reflects the pathogen's virulence or its complex laboratory diagnosis, not routinely conducted in diarrhoeal patients. In summer 2009, four boys living in the same suburb in Germany developed diarrhoea-associated HUS: three were infected by sf STEC O157:H- and one died. We conducted two analytical epidemiological studies, an extensive search for diarrhoeal cases in potentially exposed groups, and an environmental investigation. Outbreak cases were residents of the suburb diagnosed with HUS, sf STEC O157:H- infection, or both between 24 July 2009 and 25 August 2009. Overall, we ascertained eight cases with a median age of 4 years (range: from 8 months to 9 years). Stool screening of 220 persons led to the identification of only four additional cases: two asymptomatic carriers and two diarrhoeal cases. HUS was strongly associated with visiting a local playground in July, particularly on 16th July (odds ratio = 42.7, P = 0.002). No other commonality, including food, was identified, and all environmental samples (n = 24) were negative. In this localized non-foodborne outbreak, the place of likely infection was a local playground. Sf STEC O157:H- infection apparently limits itself rarely to diarrhoeal illness and progresses frequently to HUS. Therefore, detection of and response to this hypervirulent pathogen primarily relies on HUS surveillance.  相似文献   

Association of wild bird density and farm management factors with the prevalence of E. coli O157 in dairy herds in Ohio (2007-2009)     

Cernicchiaro N  Pearl DL  McEwen SA  Harpster L  Homan HJ  Linz GM  Lejeune JT 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(5):320-329

Our objective was to determine the role that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) play in the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy cattle. We visited 150 dairy farms in Ohio twice during summer and fall months from 2007 to 2009. Fresh faecal pats from 30 lactating cows were collected during each visit. Information on farm management and environmental variables was gathered through a questionnaire administered to the farm owner. The number of starlings observed on the farm was also recorded. Approximately 1% of dairy cattle and 24% of farms were positive for E. coli O157. Risk factors associated with the presence of E. coli O157 in faecal pats included contact between adult cattle and calves, types or number of ventilation and manure management systems and number of birds per milking cow.  相似文献   

Characterization of Shiga toxin – producing Escherichia coli infections in beef feeder calves and the effectiveness of a prebiotic in alleviating Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli infections     

Danica Baines  Stephanie Erb 《Irish veterinary journal》2013,66(1):17

Background

In the less-sensitive mouse model, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) challenges result in shedding that reflect the amount of infection and the expression of virulence factors such as Shiga toxins (Stx). The purpose of this study was to characterize the contribution of STEC diversity and Stx expression to shedding in beef feeder calves and to evaluate the effectiveness of a prebiotic, Celmanax®, to alleviate STEC shedding. Fecal samples were collected from calves at entry and after 35 days in the feedlot in spring and summer. STECs were evaluated using selective media, biochemical profile, serotyping and Stx detection. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression.

Results

At entry, non-O157 STEC were dominant in shedding calves. In spring, 21%, 14% and 14% of calves acquired O157, non-O157 and mixed STEC infections, respectively. In contrast, 45%, 48% and 46% of calves in summer acquired O157, non-O157 and mixed STEC infections, respectively. Treatment with a prebiotic, Celmanax®, in spring significantly reduced 50% of the O157 STEC infections, 50% of the non-O157 STEC infections and 36% of the STEC co-infections (P = 0.037). In summer, there was no significant effect of the prebiotic on STEC infections. The amount of shedding at entry was significantly related to the number and type of STECs present and Stx expression (r² = 0.82). The same relationship was found for shedding at day 35 (r² = 0.85), but it was also related to the number and type of STECs present at entry. Stx - producing STEC infections resulted in 100 to 1000 × higher shedding in calves compared with Stx-negative STECs.

Conclusions

STEC infections in beef feeder calves reflect the number and type of STECs involved in the infection and STEC expression of Stx. Application of Celmanax® reduced O157 and non-O157 STEC shedding by calves but further research is required to determine appropriate dosages to manage STEC infections.  相似文献   

Bacillus velezensis 157混合固态发酵生产多种木质纤维素酶的发酵条件优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈龙  吴兴利  于维  谷巍  徐海燕  钱爱东  王春凤  张芳毓 《中国农业大学学报》2019,24(9):71-78

为论证单一固态Bacillus velezensis 157发酵豆粕中混合碱处理玉米秸秆能否有利于提高内切葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶的产酶量,利用DNS法对碱处理玉米秸秆与豆粕混合添加质量比进行优化后,采用单因素法分别对单一发酵豆粕、碱处理玉米秸秆以及混合发酵碱处理玉米秸秆-豆粕中底物与水分质量比、发酵温度以及发酵时间进行优化,并对发酵过程中B.velezensis 157的生长曲线进行测定。结果表明:经发酵条件优化后,以碱处理玉米秸秆和豆粕的质量比为1.0∶1.0,底物与水分质量比为1.0∶0.5;B.velezensis 157于37℃培养温度下发酵24 h后,混合发酵组的内切葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶以及菌落数,均高于单一发酵碱处理玉米秸秆组和豆粕组,酶活力分别可达56.83±1.47、1 949.28±14.41、16.52±0.79和14.53±0.56 U/g,相应酶活力与碱处理玉米秸秆组相比,分别提高了7.81、6.41、1.23和2.53倍;与豆粕组相比,分别提高了1.17、1.35、1.07和1.21倍;同时,混合发酵组中B.velezensis 157菌落数高于豆粕组和碱处理秸秆组。因此,B.velezensis 157混合固态发酵有利于提高B.velezensis 157内切葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、淀粉酶和果胶酶的酶产量,节约了时间和成本,为动物饲料酶制剂和生物饲料的开发提供依据。  相似文献   

Bioaccumulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Mytilus galloprovincialis under experimental conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Donatella Ottaviani  Serena Chierichetti  Elena Rocchegiani  Sabrina Santarelli  Francesca Leoni 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(1):356-360

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1株感染多种致病性大肠杆菌噬菌体的生物学特性研究     

林焱  罗润波  刘燕坤  朱伟云 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(1):282-289

旨在测定此前从断奶前仔猪粪样中分离得到的1株大肠杆菌噬菌体C6在致病性大肠杆菌上的生物学特性,并比较该噬菌体在不同致病菌上的感染特性.利用电镜形态观察和基因组测序确定其分类,用点滴法和双层平板法测定其在致病性大肠杆菌上的宿主谱,通过噬菌斑形态、最佳感染复数(MOI)、成斑率(EOP)、吸附率、一步生长曲线以及抑菌曲线等...  相似文献