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用全自动微生物鉴定系统(VITEK-32)鉴定了禽分离致病菌,分别进行了β-内酰胺酶(BLA)、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)、AmpC酶的检测,并用试管两倍稀释法测定了各种抗生素对非产酶菌、产ESBLs菌及产AmpC菌的抗菌活性。结果表明,鉴定分离的20株致病菌有大肠埃希菌15株、阴沟肠杆菌1株、铜绿假单胞菌1株、法氏柠檬酸杆菌1株、肺炎克雷伯菌1株及鹑鸡肠球菌1株,其中法氏柠檬酸杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及鹑鸡肠球菌系兽医上首次检出。报道所分离的20株致病菌均产β-内酰胺酶,其中产ESBLs 9株,同时产ESBLs和AmpC酶1株。产酶菌株对抗生素的耐药性严重,而抗生素/抑制剂联用能降低药物对细菌的MICs。 相似文献
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动物源大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶与头孢菌素酶基因型分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解重庆地区动物源大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)及头孢菌素酶(AmpC)基因型的分布,利用初筛及表型确认方法,从临床分离的192株仔猪白痢大肠杆菌、65株奶牛乳腺炎大肠杆菌、69株鸡大肠杆菌中筛选出19株产ESBLs、6株产ArnpC酶大肠杆菌,并应用PCR扩增及PCR产物测序方法进行ESBLs及AmpC基因型分析.结果显示,重庆地区动物源大肠杆菌携带TEM型、CTX-M型、DHA-1型和CMY-2型基因的阳性率分别为2.15%、5.21%、0.61%和0.61%.其中,有5株同时携带2种基因.而DHA-1型基因为国内兽医临床首次检出,获得GenBank登录号为FJ386455.结果提示,重庆地区以TEM型和CTX-M型β-内酰胺酶为主,且产ESBLs与AmpC酶大肠杆菌为多重耐药菌株,需引起兽医临床的高度重视. 相似文献
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Tetsuo Asai Kaori Masani Chizuru Sato Mototaka Hiki Masaru Usui Kotaro Baba Manao Ozawa Kazuki Harada Hiroshi Aoki Takuo Sawada 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):52
A total of 318 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different food-producing animals affected with colibacillosis between 2001 and 2006 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis: 72 bovine isolates, 89 poultry isolates and 157 porcine isolates. Overall, the phylogenetic group A was predominant in isolates from cattle (36/72, 50%) and pigs (101/157, 64.3%) whereas groups A (44/89, 49.4%) and D (40/89, 44.9%) were predominant in isolates from poultry. In addition, group B2 was not found among diseased food-producing animals except for a poultry isolate. Thus, the phylogenetic group distribution of E. coli from diseased animals was different by animal species. Among the 318 isolates, cefazolin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations: ≥32 μg/ml) was found in six bovine isolates, 29 poultry isolates and three porcine isolates. Of them, 11 isolates (nine from poultry and two from cattle) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The two bovine isolates produced blaCTX-M-2, while the nine poultry isolates produced blaCTX-M-25 (4), blaSHV-2 (3), blaCTX-M-15 (1) and blaCTX-M-2 (1). Thus, our results showed that several types of ESBL were identified and three types of β-lactamase (SHV-2, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-15) were observed for the first time in E. coli from diseased animals in Japan. 相似文献
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Low Occurrence of Extended‐Spectrum β‐lactamase‐Producing Escherichia coli in Finnish Food‐Producing Animals 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Päivärinta L. Pohjola M. Fredriksson‐Ahomaa A. Heikinheimo 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(8):624-631
ESBL/AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli is increasingly isolated from humans and animals worldwide. The occurrence of ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was studied in food‐producing animals in Finland, a country with a low and controlled use of antimicrobials in meat production chain. A total of 648 cattle, 531 pig, 495 broiler and 35 turkey faecal samples were collected from four Finnish slaughterhouses to determine the presence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)‐producing E. coli. In addition, 260 broiler and 15 turkey samples were screened for carbapenemase‐producing E. coli. Susceptibility to different class of cephalosporins and meropenem was determined with disc diffusion tests according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Determination of ESBL/AmpC production was performed with a combination disc diffusion test according to the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. A collection of isolates producing AmpC enzyme but not carrying plasmidic blaAmpC was analysed by PCR and sequencing for possible chromosomal ampC promoter area mutations. Altogether ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was recovered from five cattle (0.8%), eight pig (1.5%) and 40 broiler samples (8.1%). No ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was found in turkey samples. Carbapenem resistance was not detected. Altogether ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was found on 4 (2.0%), 3 (4.5%) and 14 (25%) cattle, pig and broiler farms, respectively. From cattle samples 3 (27%) blaCTX‐M‐1 and from broiler samples 13 (33%) blaCTX‐M‐1 and 22 (55%) blaCMY‐2 gene‐carrying isolates were detected. In pigs, no plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC gene‐carrying isolates were found. In all analysed isolates, the same mutations in the promoter region of chromosomal ampC were detected. The results showed low occurrence of ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli in Finnish food‐producing animals. In pigs, plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC‐carrying E. coli was not detected at all. 相似文献
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鸡源大肠杆菌分离鉴定及ESBLs与AmpC酶基因型检测及耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解山西省范围内鸡源产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）和头孢菌素酶（AmpC）大肠杆菌分离株的基因型及其耐药现状，本试验从呈现典型鸡大肠杆菌病临床症状的病料中分离、鉴定出68株符合鸡源大肠杆菌生物特性的流行菌株，采用K-B法与双纸片确认法对分离的68株大肠杆菌分别进行药敏试验和ESBLs、AmpC酶耐药表型的筛选；采用PCR方法检测了分离株中质粒介导的ESBLs、AmpC酶的基因型。结果显示，分离到的68株菌对22种抗菌药物均产生不同程度的耐药性，其中耐药谱达7耐以上的有66，占总分离菌株数的97.06%；呈ESBLs、AmpC酶阳性和两者均阳性的菌株数分别为57（83.82%）、19（27.94%）和16（23.53%）株；检测出ESBLs阳性菌株携带的耐药基因型包括blaTEM、blaOXA和blaCTX-M-1/9，AmpC酶阳性菌株耐药基因型为blaFOX型。研究结果表明，分离的68株鸡源大肠杆菌已对绝大多数种类抗菌药物产生耐药性，且产ESBLs和AmpC酶菌株已普遍流行。山西省鸡源大肠杆菌中流行的ESBLs基因型与国内其他地区相关报道大体一致，而检测到的blaFOX型AmpC酶基因在国内报道相对较少。 相似文献
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【目的】研究禽源奇异变形杆菌携带ampC基因的分型和blaCMY-2阳性接合质粒pC12的序列结构,为防控多重耐药禽源奇异变形杆菌的传播提供理论基础。【方法】利用头孢西丁三维试验和PCR方法对21株奇异变形杆菌进行AmpC酶的检测和基因分型研究;对blaCMY-2阳性菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型和接合试验;利用高通量测序技术获得pC12的核苷酸序列并进行比较分析。【结果】头孢西丁三维试验表明21株禽源奇异变形杆菌中有6株产AmpC酶。6株产AmpC酶奇异变形杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢西丁、多西环素、氟苯尼考、粘菌素全部耐药,而对头孢他啶、阿米卡星全部敏感。耐药基因PCR扩增和测序结果表明,6株菌均携带blaCMY-2,检出率为28.6%。接合试验表明,1株奇异变形杆菌C12接合成功并获得接合子,其余5株接合不成功。PFGE分型结果表明,酶切图谱分为3个型别,blaCMY-2在禽源变形杆菌中存在垂直和水平传播。测序结果表明菌株C12含有一个1b型IncC质粒,其全长161 319 bp,GC含量为52.45%,预测有161个开放阅读框,提交NCBI并获得序列号MT320534。该质粒包含3个耐药区：第一个抗生素耐药区（antibiotic resistance islands,ARI-B）携带floR、tet(A)、strA、strB和sul2;第二个耐药区是一个典型的ISEcp1-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE结构,其中的ISEcp1被一个插入的IS10R截断;第三个耐药区（ARI-A）是一个杂合的Tn1696tnp-pDUmer转座子,包含一个1类整合子基因盒（aac(6')-Ib-cr|arr3|dfrA27|aadA16）和汞抗性基因簇merEDBAPTR,其插入到质粒骨架产生两个重复序列TTGTA,该耐药区也是1型IncC耐药区变化最大的区域。【结论】6株产AmpC酶禽源奇异变形杆菌均携带blaCMY-2,其酶切图谱分为3个PFGE型别,其中一株菌携带了一个流行的blaCMY-2阳性1型IncC可接合质粒。广宿主的IncC质粒是blaCMY-2、tet(A)、floR等多个耐药基因及整合子的重要载体之一,该质粒在动物源奇异变形杆菌的传播扩散进一步增加了治疗该菌感染的难度,应引起足够的重视。 相似文献
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Determination and transferability of plasmid‐mediated antibiotic resistance genes of the bacteria isolated from rainbow trout 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Erol Capkin Saliha Ozdemir Rafet Cagri Ozturk Ilhan Altinok 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5561-5575
Antibiotic resistance and the presence of resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in the bacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from different trout farms located in Turkey. The most frequent types of antibiotic resistance were towards β‐lactams (cephalothin [70% of bacterial isolates], amoxicillin [63%], ampicillin [62%], ticarcillin [56%], aztreonam [51%]), macrolide [erythromycin, 68%] and sulphonamide [sulphamethoxazole, 51%]. Of bacterial isolates, 51% were multiple drug resistant (MDR), while 35% of the isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR). None of isolates were pandrug resistant (PDR). The most common ARGs were ampC (36%) and sul1 (24%). The class 1 integron gene cassette was detected in 51% of the bacteria. There was a strong positive correlation between the antibiotic resistance rate and the presence of ARGs (r2 = .932). Gene encodes blaCTX‐M1, one of the extended spectrum beta‐lactamase enzymes, was first described in Aeromonas caviae, Photobacterium damselae, Pseudomonas luteola and Burkholderia cepacia. It was determined that 35% of the bacteria harboured at least one plasmid. Plasmid‐mediated ARGs were identified to be tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD), sulphonamides (sul1, sul3) and β lactams (ampC, blapse). Thus, results suggest that ARG contamination situation deliberates resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol and sulphonamide. Therefore, the presence and activity of ARGs in fish and in environmental bacteria may play an important role in the spread of resistance genes among bacteria by transposition or integron gene cassettes. 相似文献
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AbstractAIMS: To assess the occurrence of, and characterise, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated by veterinary diagnostic laboratories from infection sites in companion animals in New Zealand.METHODS: Selected Enterobacteriaceae isolates were submitted by seven New Zealand veterinary diagnostic laboratories. They were isolated from infection sites in companion animals between June 2012 and June 2013, and were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, fluoroquinolones, or any combination of two or more antimicrobials. Based on disk diffusion test results, the isolates were phenotypically categorised according to production of ESBL and AmpC. Genes for ESBL and AmpC production were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Escherichia coli isolates were also typed by multilocus sequence typing.RESULTS: A total of 115 isolates matching the inclusion criteria were obtained from the participating laboratories, of which 74 (64%) originated from dogs and 29 (25%) from cats. Seven bacterial species were identified, of which E. coli was the most common (87/115, 76%). Of the 115 isolates, 10 (9%) expressed the ESBL phenotype, 43 (37%) the AmpC phenotype, and seven (6%) both ESBL and AmpC phenotypes. Of the 60 ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates, 36 (60%) were E. coli. Amongst these isolates, 27/60 (45%) were classified as multidrug resistant, compared with 15/55 (27%) non-ESBL or AmpC-producing isolates (p<0.01). Ninety five isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 58 (61%) of these were ESBL or AmpC-producing. The predominant ESBL genes were blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15, and the dominant plasmid-encoded AmpC gene was blaCMY-2. Thirty-eight E. coli multilocus sequence types (ST) were identified, and the most prevalent were ST12 (12/89, 13%), ST131 (6/89, 7%) and ST648 (6/89, 7%). ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates accounted for 35/1,082 (3.2%) of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated by one laboratory network over the study period.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ESBL and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae were associated with clinical infections in companion animals in New Zealand, and were often multidrug resistant. In this study, these organisms accounted for <5% of all Enterobacteriaceae isolated from infection sites by one laboratory network, but their prevalence among isolates resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 61%. Therefore routine secondary testing for ESBL and AmpC production by Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in primary testing could improve the accuracy of definitive antimicrobial therapy in companion animals in New Zealand. 相似文献