Trichoderma harzianum produces nonanoic acid, an inhibitor of spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens     

Madhu Aneja  Thomas J. Gianfagna  Prakash K. Hebbar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,67(6):1647

An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai from an infected cacao pod produces and secretes nonanoic (pelargonic) acid into a liquid culture medium. Nonanoic acid (NA) was very inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens, Crinipellis perniciosa Stahel and Moniliophthora roreri Cif. H.C. Evans. It was highly active causing 75% inhibition of spore germination in an in vitro assay at a rate as low as 0.09 μM for M. roreri and 0.92 μM for C. perniciosa. Mycelial growth was comparatively less sensitive to inhibition, but still there was a 75% reduction in growth with 0.62 μM in M. roreri and 151 μM NA in C. perniciosa. In contrast, NA did not affect Trichoderma mycelial growth or spore germination at concentrations that were inhibitory to the pathogens. 6-pentyl-α-pyrone was also produced and secreted into the medium by T. harzianum, however; it was not antagonistic to the cacao pathogens. Although a number of metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. have been identified in the past, this is the first report of NA production and secretion by any Trichoderma. The results suggest that NA may play a role in the successful use of some Trichoderma spp. isolates in the biocontrol of fungal diseases of plants.  相似文献   

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea     

Kyutaro Kishimoto  Yoko Nishizawa  Yutaka Tabei  Masami Nakajima  Tadaaki Hibi  Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(6):314-320

A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.  相似文献   

Synergism between potassium sorbate dips and brief exposure to high CO2 or O2 at curing temperature for the control of citrus postharvest green and blue molds     

《Crop Protection》2016

Synergistic effects and very effective control of citrus postharvest green and blue molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, were observed on artificially inoculated ‘Valencia’ oranges and ‘Clemenules’ and ‘Ortanique’ mandarins after a potassium sorbate (PS) treatment was followed by 2 days of storage in atmospheres of elevated CO₂ or O₂ at a curing temperature. A combined treatment consisting of 60-s dips in aqueous solutions of 3% PS heated to 62 °C was followed by 48-h exposure to air, 15 kPa CO₂ or 30 kPa O₂ at 33 °C. Control treatment was a 60-s water dip at 20 °C followed by 24-h exposure to air at 20 °C. Synergism was observed on citrus fruit either incubated at 20 °C for up to 22 days, simulating direct commercialization, or stored at 5 °C for up to 45 days, simulating commercial cold storage. This research offers potential new tools to the citrus industry for implementation of nonpolluting integrated postharvest disease management programs, especially devoted to high added value organic markets or export markets with zero residue tolerance.  相似文献   

番茄内生细菌种群动态分析及拮抗菌株的筛选   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

王美琴  刘慧平  韩巨才  路涛 《中国农学通报》2010,26(9):277-282

摘要：采用研磨组织稀释分离法对3个种植地区的番茄内生细菌的种群分布、数量变化规律进行了初步探讨。共分离、纯化得到内生细菌374株,经形态及理化特征鉴定,分属10个不同的属,13个种。其中假单孢菌属Pseudomonas sp.,黄单孢菌属Xanthomonas sp.;肠杆菌属Entenobacter sp.和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp.为优势种群。内生细菌在番茄植株种群数量从0.21x104 到13.82x104 cfu.g -1鲜重之间,但不同品种、组织、生育期及种植地,内生细菌的种群和数量各不相同,各组织中内生细菌的种群及数量根中最多,其次是茎和叶,成株期内生细菌无论种类和数量都明显高于苗期。采用平板对峙法从分离的内生细菌中筛选出对番茄灰霉病菌具有体外拮抗活性的菌株32个,占菌株总数的8.56%; 25个菌株对叶霉病菌有抑制作用,占菌株总数的6.68%;对灰霉病菌和叶霉病菌都具有拮抗作用的菌株20个,占菌株总数的5.35%。对灰霉病菌有强拮抗作用的菌株12个,对叶霉病菌有强拮抗作用的菌株仅1个,其中芽孢杆菌是主要的类群。  相似文献   

黑松针叶提取物抗霉菌活性的研究     

孙红英  卢雪梅  李娟  韩晓弟 《北方园艺》2009,(8)

采用滤纸片法,检测不同质量浓度的针叶提取物对霉菌的抑制圈大小,以研究黑松针叶提取物的抗霉菌活性。结果表明:黑松针叶提取物具有抗霉菌活性,但抑制效果与其质量浓度不成正比;3种提取物中,乙醇提取物的抗霉菌效果最显著,丙酮和水提取物的抗霉菌效果次之。其对黑曲霉、青霉、根霉起最佳抑制效果的质量浓度分别为6.25、25.01、2.5 g/L,其抑菌圈直径分别为14.8、16.61、2.6 mm。  相似文献   

Soil volatile fungistasis and volatile fungistatic compounds     

Xu Chuankun 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(12):1997-2004

Fungistasis is a widespread phenomenon that can be mediated by soil microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The relationship between soil microorganisms and VOCs is still unclear, however, and many fungistatic compounds remain to be identified. We assessed the effects of soils (soil direct fungistasis) and VOCs produced by natural soils (soil volatile fungistasis) on the spore germination of several fungi. Both strong soil direct fungistasis and soil volatile fungistasis were observed in a wide range of soils. Soil fungistasis and VOC fungistasis were significantly correlated (P<0.001). The volatile fungistatic activity of soils stopped after autoclaving. Some VOCs were identified by using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrum. VOC composition and in vitro antagonism of relatively pure commercial compounds also were measured. Some VOCs, trimethylamine, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, benzaldehyde, N,N-dimethyloctylamine and nonadecane, were produced by various fungistatic soils. Moreover, antifungal activity test of above VOCs showed that trimethylamine, benzaldehyde, and N,N-dimethyloctylamine have strong antifungal activity even at low levels (4-12 mg l⁻¹).  相似文献   

生防细菌复配对苹果主要病原真菌抑菌活性筛选及其稳定性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李恩琛  张文军  张树武  徐秉良  刘佳 《西北农业学报》2020,30(8):1270-1277

采用生长速率法测定4种生防细菌及其复配对5种苹果主要病原菌的抑制效果,并将筛选出的最佳复配生防细菌发酵液进行稳定性测定。结果表明,单一生防细菌发酵液中多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌效果最好,为78.19%;当多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206与解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS-1203复配比例为 2∶1时,其对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌率高达86.64%,抑菌效果显著优于单一生防细菌发酵液。稳定性测定结果表明,复配生防细菌（FS-1206∶TS-1203= 2∶1）发酵液在紫外照射、高温和强酸强碱环境条件下,其抑菌活性均具有良好的稳定性。  相似文献   

昆虫抗真菌肽基因的分泌型表达及活性鉴定     

桑延霞  邓小娟  杨婉莹  刘文权  王文献  黄亚东  曹阳 《中国农业科学》2007,40(4):842-849

 【目的】黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)抗真菌肽Drosomycin (Drs)及其同系物Drosomycin-like C (Drs-lC)和斑腹刺螠蝽(Podisus maculiverntris)抗真菌肽Thanatin对丝状真菌具有广谱高效的抑杀作用。实现抗真菌肽基因在酵母中的高效分泌型表达，对探讨利用转基因酵母的发酵液直接进行果蔬、食品和农产品防腐保鲜的生物技术研发有重要意义。【方法】将Drosomycin基因（Drs）及其同系物基因Drs-lC和Thanatin基因分别与酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA重组，构建成重组表达质粒pPICZαA-Drs、pPICZαA-Drs-lC和pPICZαA–Thanatin。利用电转化将重组质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115，经表型筛选和PCR鉴定获得的重组毕赤酵母转化子，在甲醇诱导下进行抗真菌肽的分泌表达。【结果】3种抗真菌肽基因的酵母表达产物对6个供试真菌中的5个有明显的抑制作用，Thanatin同时对供试细菌有抗菌活性。【结论】Drs、Drs-lC和Thanatin抗真菌肽基因成功地转化毕赤酵母，并实现其分泌型表达。  相似文献   

禾谷丝核菌拮抗真菌的鉴定及抗菌活性研究     

伊艳杰  时玉  吴兴泉  张慧茹 《河南农业科学》2010,(8)

利用从小麦茎叶组织中分离的内生真菌,进行平板对峙试验,从中筛选出2株对禾谷丝核菌有明显抑制效果的菌株(RF5和RF6)。采用改良的真菌基因组DNA提取方法,提取内生真菌RF5和RF6的基因组DNA,运用ITS序列通用引物(ITS4、ITS5)进行扩增,分别得到约600 bp的特异条带。对PCR产物进行测序,根据序列比对分析结果,将拮抗真菌RF5和RF6分别鉴定为:肉座菌(Hypoc-reales sp.)和杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)。进一步研究这2株拮抗真菌的抗菌活性大小,结果显示,2株真菌对病原菌都能产生明显的抑菌圈,抑菌圈直径分别为23 mm和19 mm;其液体发酵产物对病原菌的生长也有显著抑制作用,抑制率分别为63.3%和60.8%。  相似文献   

油菜内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性的研究     

王丽娟  刘苏萌  司艳红  何培新 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(10):4287-4288

[目的]探讨油菜内生真菌的抑菌活性。[方法]从油菜的不同组织内分离内生真菌,研究它们对植物病原真菌的抑制作用,并对活性菌株进行了初步鉴定。[结果]从油菜的根、茎、叶中共分离出12株内生真菌,其中2株(WG5和WJ2)对病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,尤其对油菜菌核病菌和小麦黄斑叶枯病菌的抑制率最高,而且其发酵滤液经高温处理后活性不丧失,对病原真菌仍有较强的抑制作用,具有一定的生防潜能。[结论]油菜内生真菌可以产生具有抑菌活性的次生代谢产物,为新型活性物质的筛选提供新的途径。  相似文献