Characterisation of energy-dependent efflux of imazalil and fenarimol in isolates of Penicillium italicum with a low,medium and high degree of resistance to DMI-fungicides   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Guan  J. C. Kapteyn  A. Kerkenaar  M. A. De Waard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):313-324

Differential accumulation of [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol by germlings of wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates ofPenicillium italicum was studied at various pH values. At pH 7 and 8 the low-resistant isolate E_300–3 accumulated 22% and 35%, respectively, less imazalil than the wild-type isolate W₅. Imazalil accumulation at pH 5 and 6 was similar. Isolate E_300–3 also accumulated less fenarimol as compared with the wild-type isolate. This difference was much more obvious than for imazalil and was observed at all pH values tested. Differences in accumulation of both imazalil and fenarimol between low (E_300–3), medium (H₁₇) and high resistant (I₃₃) isolates were not observed. These results suggest that decreased accumulation of DMIs is responsible for a low level of resistance only and that additional mechanisms of resistance might operate in isolates with a medium and high degree of resistance. With all isolates fenarimol accumulation was energy-dependent. This was not obvious for imazalil.The wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates had a similar plasma membrane potential as determined with the probe [¹⁴C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide ([¹⁴C]TPP⁺). Various test compounds, among which ATPase inhibitors, ionophoric antibiotics and calmodulin antagonists, affected the accumulation of [¹⁴C]TPP⁺, [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol. No obvious correlation between the effects of the test compounds on accumulation levels of the fungicides and [¹⁴C]TPP⁺ could be observed. These results indicate that the plasma membrane potential does not mediate the efflux of DMI fungicides byP. italicum.  相似文献   

X195柴油机优化调整节能技术的研究     

张霞  蔡宗寿 《农机化研究》2005,(5):240-241,244

动力性和经济性是柴油机的两个重要指标，广大发动机研究者一直致力于改善这两个指标。特别是在能源短缺的今天，如何提高发动机的动力性和经济性的问题就显得尤为重要。通过大量的台架实验．研究了X195柴油机的3项主要的调整参数(供油提前角、喷油压力、气门间隙)对其动力性和经济性的影响，分析了其影响因素，分别找出了最佳的调整范围。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S.R. Craig  B.S. Washburn  D.M. Gatlin III 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,21(3):249-255

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Diets were formulated to contain 40% crude protein from solvent-extracted menhaden fish meal and 0, 7, 14 or 21% lipid from menhaden fish oil. The basal diet, without supplemental fish oil, contained lipid at 0.4% of dry weight. The diets were fed to groups of 25 juvenile red drum initially averaging 7.3 ± 0.18 g fish^–1 in a recirculating culture system for 8 weeks and weight gain was recorded. After an additional 8 weeks, 16 fish from each treatment were sacrificed and the following measurements were recorded: hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and liver -tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and cytochrome P-4501A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity). The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and concentrations of -tocopherol also were measured in plasma.Weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary lipid concentration, with values ranging from 361% of initial weight for fish fed the basal diet to 527% of initial weight for fish fed the diet containing 7% lipid. The HSI and IPF ratio values also were significantly affected by lipid with the lowest values recorded for fish fed the basal diet and the highest values observed in fish fed the diet containing 21% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid significantly increased oxidative stress as reflected in reduced -tocopherol in liver and plasma and increased MDA formation in the liver, although no overt pathological signs were observed. These findings suggest that lipid concentrations between 7 and 14%, when the diet contains 60 IU vitamin E kg^–1, are likely to limit oxidative stress and result in normal physiological responses of red drum.  相似文献   

用叶绿素荧光研究植物伤害信息的系统性传递     

高海波  沈应柏 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(5):771-773

采用机械损伤和(Z)-3-已烯醛熏蒸的方法,借助于叶绿素荧光手段,研究了伤害信息在合作杨檀株体内的系统性传递.结果表明,伤害信息在植株体内的系统性传递是双向的,不同部位叶片Fv/Fm的异质性为伤害信息在植物体内的双向系统性传递提供了直观的证据.  相似文献   

基于K-means聚类和RF算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法     

李翠玲  李余康  谭昊然  王秀  翟长远 《农业机械学报》2022,53(5):225-236，324

针对自然环境复杂背景下葡萄霜霉病检测分级困难的问题,提出了一种基于语义分割结合K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法,实现对葡萄霜霉病快速分级。构建了葡萄霜霉病数据集,采用HRNet v2+OCR网络建立葡萄叶片语义分割模型,提取复杂环境下葡萄叶片;采用K-means聚类算法将葡萄叶片分解为若干子区域图像,并标记少量数据集进行随机森林算法学习,实现葡萄叶片病斑分割与提取;同时在叶片提取和病斑提取过程中,设计一种像素尺寸变换方法,解决图像分辨率引起的精度低问题。基于HRNet v2+OCR网络的葡萄叶片分割模型的准确率为98.45%,平均交并比为97.23%;融合K-means聚类和随机森林(RF)算法的葡萄叶片正面、反面和正反面霜霉病病害分级准确率分别为52.59%、73.08%和63.32%,病害等级误差小于等于2级时的病害分级准确率分别为88.67%、96.97%和92.98%。研究结果表明,基于K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法能够准确地分割自然环境复杂背景下的葡萄叶片和葡萄霜霉病病斑,并实现葡萄霜霉病分级,为葡萄霜霉病精准防治提供了方法和...  相似文献   

基于改进YOLO v4的群体棉种双面破损检测方法     

王巧华  顾伟  蔡沛忠  张洪洲 《农业机械学报》2022,53(1):389-397

针对研究人员难以利用计算机视觉对棉种这类尺寸较小的物体进行双面检测,导致检测效果不佳的问题,设计了一款新型棉种检测分选装置,利用亚克力板在强光和白色背景下透明的特点,将棉种通过上料装置滑入透明亚克力板的凹槽中,随着转盘的转动,同一批棉种的正反两面图像分别由2个不同位置的CCD相机采集得到.利用改进YOLO v4的目标检...  相似文献   

基于改进YOLO v4的玉米种子外观品质检测方法     

范晓飞  王林柏  刘景艳  周玉宏  张君  索雪松 《农业机械学报》2022,53(7):226-233

针对玉米种子在外观品质检测中需要快速识别与定位的需求,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v4的目标检测模型,同时结合四通道(RGB+NIR)多光谱图像,对玉米种子外观品质进行了识别与分类。为了减少改进后模型的参数量,本文将主干特征提取网络替换为轻量级网络MobileNet V1。为了进一步提升模型的性能,通过试验研究了空间金字塔池化(Spatial pyramid pooling, SPP)结构在不同位置上对模型性能的影响,最终选取改进YOLO v4-MobileNet V1模型对玉米种子外观品质进行检测。试验结果表明,模型的综合评价指标平均F1值和mAP达到93.09%和98.02%,平均每检测1幅图像耗时1.85 s,平均每检测1粒玉米种子耗时0.088 s,模型参数量压缩为原始模型的20%。四通道多光谱图像的光谱波段可扩展到可见光范围之外,并能够提取出更具有代表性的特征信息,并且改进后的模型具有鲁棒性强、实时性好、轻量化的优点,为实现种子的高通量质量检测和优选分级提供了参考。  相似文献   

基于改进YOLO v3的自然场景下冬枣果实识别方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘天真  滕桂法  苑迎春  刘博  刘智国 《农业机械学报》2021,52(5):17-25

为实现自然场景下冬枣果实的快速、精准识别,考虑到光线变化、枝叶遮挡、果实密集重叠等复杂因素,基于YOLO v3深度卷积神经网络提出了一种基于改进YOLO v3（YOLO v3-SE）的冬枣果实识别方法。YOLO v3-SE模型利用SE Net 的SE Block结构将特征层的特征权重校准为特征权值,强化了有效特征,弱化了低效或无效特征,提高了特征图的表现能力,从而提高了模型识别精度。YOLO v3-SE模型经过训练和比较,选取0.55作为置信度最优阈值用于冬枣果实检测,检测结果准确率P为88.71%、召回率R为83.80%、综合评价指标F为86.19%、平均检测精度为82.01%,与YOLO v3模型相比,F提升了2.38个百分点,mAP提升了4.78个百分点,检测速度无明显差异。为检验改进模型在冬枣园自然场景下的适应性,在光线不足、密集遮挡和冬枣不同成熟期的情况下对冬枣果实图像进行检测,并与YOLO v3模型的检测效果进行对比,结果表明,本文模型召回率提升了2.43~5.08个百分点,F提升了1.75~2.77个百分点,mAP提升了2.38~4.81个百分点,从而验证了本文模型的有效性。  相似文献   

基于改进YOLO v4模型的马铃薯中土块石块检测方法     

王相友  李晏兴  杨振宇  张蒙  王荣铭  崔丽霞 《农业机械学报》2021,52(8):241-247，262

为实现收获后含杂马铃薯中土块石块的快速检测和剔除,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v4模型的马铃薯中土块石块检测方法。YOLO v4模型以CSPDarknet53为主干特征提取网络,在保证检测准确率的前提下,利用通道剪枝算法对模型进行剪枝处理,以简化模型结构、降低运算量。采用Mosaic数据增强方法扩充图像数据集(8621幅图像),对模型进行微调,实现了马铃薯中土块石块的检测。测试表明,剪枝后模型总参数量减少了94.37%,模型存储空间下降了187.35 MB,前向运算时间缩短了0.02 s,平均精度均值(Mean average precision, mAP)下降了2.1个百分点,说明剪枝处理可提升模型性能。为验证模型的有效性,将本文模型与5种深度学习算法进行比较,结果表明,本文算法mAP为96.42%,比Faster R-CNN、Tiny-YOLO v2、YOLO v3、SSD分别提高了11.2、11.5、5.65、10.78个百分点,比YOLO v4算法降低了0.04个百分点,模型存储空间为20.75 MB,检测速度为78.49 f/s,满足实际生产需要。  相似文献   

基于逆运动学降维求解与YOLO v4的果实采摘系统研究     

张晴晖  孔德肖  李俊萩  钟丽辉 《农业机械学报》2021,52(9):15-23

为提高采摘设备的执行效率,采用六自由度机械臂、树莓派、Android手机端和服务器设计了一种智能果实采摘系统,该系统可自动识别不同种类的水果,并实现自动采摘,可通过手机端远程控制采摘设备的起始和停止,并远程查看实时采摘视频。提出通过降低自由度和使用二维坐标系来实现三维坐标系中机械臂逆运动学的求解过程,从而避免了大量的矩阵运算,使机械臂逆运动学求解过程更加简捷。利用Matlab中的Robotic Toolbox进行机械臂三维建模仿真,验证了降维求解的可行性。在果实采摘流程中,为了使机械臂运动轨迹更加稳定与协调,采用五项式插值法对机械臂进行运动轨迹规划控制。基于Darknet深度学习框架的YOLO v4目标检测识别算法进行果实目标检测和像素定位,在Ubuntu 19.10操作系统中使用2000幅图像作为训练集,分别对不同种类的果实进行识别模型训练,在GPU环境下进行测试,结果表明,每种果实识别的准确率均在94%以上,单次果实采摘的时间约为17s。经过实际测试,该系统具有良好的稳定性、实时性以及对果实采摘的准确性。  相似文献