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The effects of azadirachtin (AZA) and nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) on midgut enzyme activity in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Tobacco cutworm) were evaluated. Gut enzyme activities were decreased by AZA and NPV individually and in combination. When S. litura larvae were fed a diet of castor leaves treated with AZA and NPV in bioassays, gut enzyme—acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase—activities were decreased. There were statistically significant differences (P ? 0.05) in enzyme activities between combined and individual treatment. A synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and virus was found when combined in low doses. These effects are most pronounced in early instars. Maximum weight loss (59-72%) occurred, when AZA and NPV were combined. 相似文献
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印楝素对中华稻蝗若虫呼吸作用的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
呼吸测定试验表明,以每头印楝素5.0μg点滴3龄中华稻蝗蝗蝻前胞背板,4hCO2释放量减少,抑制率达到33%。对6龄蝗蝻测定,处理后试虫CO2释出量降低,呼吸受到抑制,而且随着时间的推移,呼吸失去了节律,图线变得近于直线。点滴法与注射法,在前期呼吸影响有所不同,点滴法随着经过的时间,呼吸抑制率提高;而注射法48h呼吸抑制率才提高,到72h达到最高,其图形为U形。 相似文献
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3种植物源农药对鹌鹑和斑马鱼的急性毒性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]通过测试印楝素、除虫菊素、鱼藤酮3种植物源农药对鹌鹑和斑马鱼的急性毒性,评价其对环境的安全性。[方法]采用一次性"经口染毒法"和"半静态法",确定3种农药对鹌鹑和斑马鱼的毒性大小与分级。[结果]印楝素、除虫菊素、鱼藤酮对鹌鹑急性毒性的LD50(168h)分别为13.09、97.04和111.75mg/kg.bw;对斑马鱼急性毒性的LC50(96h)分别为0.05、0.15和0.03mg/L。印楝素对鹌鹑的急性经口毒性等级为高毒,除虫菊素和鱼藤酮为中毒;印楝素和鱼藤酮对鱼的急性毒性等级为剧毒,除虫菊素为高毒。[结论]3种药剂对鹌鹑和斑马鱼都不安全,实际应用中必须减少其对生态环境的危害。 相似文献
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印楝素与啶虫脒对椰心叶甲生物活性及混配增效作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨植物源杀虫剂和常用化学杀虫剂在椰心叶甲防治上的联合利用效果,采用浸叶法和大田药效试验测定了印楝素和啶虫脒对椰心叶甲的生物活性及混配增效作用。结果表明:印楝素和啶虫脒对椰心叶甲4龄幼虫均表现出生物活性,LC50值分别为14.45和9.44 mg/L。混配增效结果表明,以有效成分印楝素∶啶虫脒=2∶5(质量分数)增效作用最强,共毒系数为492.23。大田药效试验结果表明,混配处理组以有效成分印楝素∶啶虫脒=2∶5(质量分数)对椰心叶甲的田间防治效果最好,在浓度为50 mg/L处理7 d后,混配处理组的校正虫口减退率为87.66%,印楝素和啶虫脒单独处理组分别为69.43%和74.35%。 相似文献
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室内浸叶法测定结果表明:广西不同小菜蛾种群对印楝素的敏感性差异较小,LC50值在0.07 ̄0.23mg/L之间,与敏感性最低的石埠种群相比,相对毒力指数为1 ̄3.29;对阿维菌素对的的敏感性差异较大,LC50值在2.08 ̄17.02mg/L之间,与敏感性最低的仁乡种群相比,相对毒力指数为1 ̄8.18。 相似文献
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印楝素/羧甲基壳聚糖/磷酸化壳聚糖纳米粒子的制备、性能与表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了克服壳聚糖只能溶于酸性水溶液的局限,对壳聚糖进行了化学修饰,通过引入磷酸基官能团,合成了可溶于中性水的壳聚糖衍生物磷酸化壳聚糖。以磷酸化壳聚糖和羧甲基壳聚糖为基材,用聚电解质复合法制备了印楝素/羧甲基壳聚糖/磷酸化壳聚糖纳米粒子水分散制剂。测试结果表明,纳米粒子的平均粒径为200~300 nm,纳米粒子对印楝素的负载率最大可达43.5%。 相似文献
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A. D. Hanna 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):31-36
Variability in the insecticidal effects of botanical preparations has been one of the major obstacles in the application of this type of insecticide. Understanding of the variability may help to improve formulations of the preparations and develop more practical strategies for field applications. Here we report the varying effects of two lots of the same commercial neem formulation, Neemix® 4.5, on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. We found that one lot had stronger adverse effect on the development and survival of P. xylostella larvae but little repellent effect on the adults, whereas, the other lot had a weaker effect on the larvae but a substantial repellent effect on the adults. 相似文献
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S.Y. Landau F.D. Provenza D.R. Gardner J.A. Pfister E.L. Knoppel C. Peterson D. Kababya G.R. Needham J.J. Villalba 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,165(3-4):311-317
Acaricides can be conveyed to ticks via the blood of their hosts. As fruit and kernel extracts from the Meliaceae family, and, in particular the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin (AZA) inhibits tick egg production and embryogenesis in the Ixodidae ticks, we investigated the effects of Neem Azal®, an extract containing 43% AZA, given as a feed additive to lambs artificially infested with engorging adult Dermacentor vairiabilis ticks. After tick attachment, the lambs were allotted to three dietary treatments: AZA0 (control, n = 10), AZA0.3 (n = 5), and AZA0.6 (n = 5), with feed containing 0%, 0.3%, and 0.6% AZA on DM basis, respectively. In half of the AZA0 lambs, ticks were sprayed on day 4 after attachment with an ethanol:water:soap emulsion containing 0.6% AZA (AZA0S). In spite of its very pungent odor, the neem extract was well accepted by all but one lamb. No differences were found between treatment groups in liver enzymes in blood, and there was no indication of toxicity. The plasma AZA concentrations after 7 and 14 days of feeding AZA were (4.81 and 4.35 μg/mL) for the AZA0.6 and (3.32 and 1.88 μg/mL) for the AZA0.3 treatments, respectively (P < 0.0001). Treatments were not lethal to ticks, but tick weights at detachment were 0.64, 0.56, 0.48, and 0.37 g for ticks from the AZA0, AZA0.3, AZA0S, and AZA0.6 treatments (P < 0.04), respectively, suggesting that blood AZA impaired blood-feeding. The highest mortality rate after detachment was for AZA0.6 (P < 0.09). As AZA affects embryo development and ticks at the molting stages, we expect that following treatments of hosts for longer periods, one-host ticks will be more affected than the three-host tick D. variabilis. 相似文献